ESTABLISHMENT IN CANADA OF THE CINNABAR MOTH, TYRIA JACOBAEAE (LEPIDOPTERA: ARCTIIDAE) FOR CONTROLLING THE WEED SENECIO JACOBAEA

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 913-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Harris ◽  
A. T. S. Wilkinson ◽  
M. E. Neary ◽  
L. S. Thompson ◽  
D. Finnamore
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Senecio Jacobaea ◽  
Tyria Jacobaeae ◽  
Cinnabar Moth ◽  
Tansy Ragwort

AbstractThe cinnabar moth, Tyria jacobaeae L., was established in the Atlantic provinces and British Columbia for the control of tansy ragwort. Establishment was difficult to obtain with imported stock: only two of 14 colonies survived, one on each coast. The rate of survival in these colonies increased with succeeding generations, and with stock from the regional colony eight of nine releases became established in Nova Scotia. Most of the established colonies increased until the ragwort was defoliated.

Predator Interference with the Cinnabar Moth (Tyria jacobaeae) for the Biological Control of Tansy Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly K. Crider
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Tyria Jacobaeae ◽  
Carpenter Ants ◽  
Ant Predation ◽  
Cinnabar Moth ◽  
Tansy Ragwort

AbstractQuantification of interference with biological control agents can provide support for anecdotal claims of success or failure of agent establishment and efficacy. This study was initiated because of observed predation of cinnabar moth larvae by carpenter ants when releasing larvae for the control of tansy ragwort, an invasive plant in Montana. Biotic and abiotic factors were compared among three sites with historically variable moth population establishment. Two experiments were developed to (1) observe and document insect activity, predation, or disappearance on tansy ragwort stems either protected or accessible to ants; and (2) quantify the effects of ant exclusion on herbivory of tansy ragwort. Site comparisons indicated that ant colony density was highest at the driest of three sites, and, interestingly, no ant colonies were detected at the site with higher observed numbers of moth larvae and adults and lower densities of tansy ragwort. Available substrate (logs and stumps) for ant colonization did not differ between the three sites. In the ant exclusion experiments, a larger number of larvae were missing on plants accessible to ants (63%) compared with plants where ants were excluded (39%) after 36 h. Direct observation of predation of larvae by carpenter ants accounted for 9% of missing larvae on stems accessible to ants. Larvae were able to consume 81% of original flowers or buds on ant-excluded stems, compared with 18% consumption on ant-accessible stems, suggesting that ant predation could limit the efficacy of cinnabar moth larvae. These results provide one of many possible explanations for the anecdotal observations of large, persistent populations of cinnabar moths in moist areas. This work emphasizes the importance of post-release observation and monitoring to detect and, ideally, quantify factors to support anecdotal perceptions regarding the fate and subsequent efficacy of insect biological-control agents.

The biology of Canadian weeds.: 96. Senecio jacobaea L.

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Bain
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Senecio Jacobaea ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Tyria Jacobaeae ◽  
Tansy Ragwort

Senecio jacobaea L. (tansy ragwort) is a roadside and pasture weed which was introduced into Canada in the 1850s. It is established in cool, wet areas, most commonly on the east and west coasts. The species is important economically because the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the foliage makes it toxic and the poisoning of livestock has resulted. Individuals produce dimorphic achenes which possess different dormancy and dispersal characters and are therefore able to establish in a wider range of habitats. Vegetative reproduction is common especially after damage to the plant. Control of the weed is achieved either through the application of hormone-like herbicides or by biological means. The establishment of the biological control agent, cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae L.), in populations has resulted in defoliation of individuals but has not resulted in effective control of the weed, except in eastern Canada. Key words: Tansy ragwort, Senecio jacobaea, biological control, pyrrolizidine alkaloids

The Toxicity of Tansy Ragwort

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Howatt
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Senecio Jacobaea ◽  
Tansy Ragwort

Tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.), commonly called stinking willie and sometimes incorrectly called ragweed, is an abundant weed in many parts of Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia. It is found in pastures, hayfields, waste areas, clearings in woodland and along roadsides. This species is extremely poisonous to cattle and horses and thus is a problem in pastures.

Food-Plant Spectrum and Elimination of Disease of Cinnabar Moth Larvae, Hypocrita jacobaeae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 931-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Bucher ◽  
P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Senecio Jacobaea ◽  
Cinnabar Moth ◽  
Plant Substances ◽  
Tansy Ragwort

The cinnabar moth, Hypocrita jacobaeae (L.), is the principal enemy of tansy ragwort, Senecio jacobaea L., in Europe. To determine if this moth could be safely liberated in Canada to control tansy ragwort, breeding stocks were imported as pupae from Sweden and Ireland for laboratory feeding tests. Larval feeding tests with various important economic plants before the moth was introduced to New Zealand from Britain (Cameron, 1935), to Australia from Britain (Currie and Fyfe, 1938), and to the United States from France (Parker, 1960) showed that the larvae would not survive on any of those tested. Such investigations specifically excluded certain crops from damage by the moth but did not indicate the range of plants that can be eaten. It is essential that an insect used in weed control should be highly restricted in its diet. If this restriction is related to nutrient discrimination, as described by Kennedy and Booth (1951) for Aphis fabae Scop., it would be necessary to screen many more economic plants than if it is related to “secondary” plant substances associated with a taxonomic group, as described by Fraenkel (1953). Thus, besides ad hoc tests on important plants, tests to determine the potential host spectrum of an insect are warranted before it is liberated against a weed. The plant spectrum of the cinnabar moth was determined by feeding the larvae on several genera in the tribe Senecioneae and representatives of most other tribes of Compositae that occur in Canada.

Oviposition by the Cinnabar Moth, Tyria Jacobaeae, in Relation to Nitrogen, Sugars and Alkaloids of Ragwort, Senecio Jacobaea

Oikos ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed van der Meijden ◽  
Agnes M. van Zoelen ◽  
Leo L. Soldaat
Keyword(s):  
Senecio Jacobaea ◽  
Tyria Jacobaeae ◽  
Cinnabar Moth
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