LIFE HISTORY OF PLUTELLA PORRECTELLA, A RELATIVE OF THE DIAMONDBACK MOTH, PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE)

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
pp. 913-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Smith ◽  
M. K. Sears
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Instar

AbstractAlthough Plutella porrectella (L.) is similar in appearance to the diamondback moth, P. xylostella (L.), several aspects of its biology are quite different from its more common relative. P. porrectella completed two generations per year and overwintered as an early-instar larva within apical buds of dame's rocket, Hesperis matronalis (L.). Four instars were observed in larvae reared in the laboratory. An average of 30 days was required for completion of one generation at 25 °C. This species does not seem to be an alternative host for parasites of the diamondback moth as only a single parasitic wasp, Itoplectis conquisitor (Say), was reared from 228 larvae collected in the field.

Classification of crucifer cultivars based on the life-history of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella)

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio A. De Bortoli ◽  
Alessandra M. Vacari ◽  
Roberto M. Goulart ◽  
Antonio S. Ferraudo ◽  
Haroldo X.L. Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
History Of

SEASONAL POPULATIONS OF THE DIAMONDBACK MOTH, PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE) IN RELATION TO DAY-DEGREE ACCUMULATION

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Butts ◽  
F. L. McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe life history of Plutella xylostella (L.) was studied in plantings of Brussels sprouts at Cambridge, Ontario in 1977 and 1978. Adults were monitored by using sticky traps constructed of bristol board; eggs, larvae, and pupae were monitored by sampling plants. In both years in the spring, some of the first eggs were found before adults were caught in the traps. The trap collections indicated four periods of adult flight each year. During the last period of flight in 1977 eggs were laid; however, the fifth generation was not completed. Day-degree analyses of the populations indicated that 293 day-degrees (C) above a threshold temperature (7.3°C) were required to complete one generation. Using day-degree accumulations it was possible to predict accurately the periods when various stages of the pest were dominant even though there was considerable overlap of various stages in the field.

On Crepidostomum farionis O. F. Müll. (= Stephanophiala laureata Zeder), a Distome Parasite of the Trout and Grayling. I. The Life History

Parasitology ◽  
1927 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Excretory Vesicle ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Trematode ◽  
Sphaerium Corneum ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
Ephemera Danica

1. Crepidostomum farionis inhabits the gall bladder, as well as the intestine and pyloric caeca, of the trout and grayling.2. The life history of Crepidostomum farionis has been worked out and is based on the similarity of organisation of the cercaria, encysted larval trematode and the adult.3. The first intermediate hosts in the life history of this trematode are Pisidium amnicum (Müll.) and Sphaerium corneum (L.) though the latter is unusual.4. The second intermediate host is the larva of the mayfly, Ephemera danica (Müll.).5. There are two generations of rediae, the first gives rise to daughter rediae, which in turn produce cercariae.6. The rediae are characterised by the absence of ambulatory processes and a functional intestine.7. The cercaria (n.sp.) possesses “eye spots,” stylet and gland cells (salivary?), and the excretory vesicle is tube-shaped.8. The excretory system of the redia and the cercaria has been worked out in detail.9. The relation of the parasites to their respective hosts is discussed. On account of the need for further observations definite conclusions are held over for a later paper.

scholarly journals On Apogamy and the development of Sporangia upon fern prothalli

1898 ◽  
Vol 63 (389-400) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Life ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
General Importance ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alternation Of Generations

The two most important deviations from the normal life-history of ferns, apogamy and apospory, are of interest in themselves, but acquire a more general importance from the possibility that their study may throw light on the nature of alternation of generations in archegoniate plants. They have been considered from this point of view Pringsheim, and by those who, following him, regard the two generations as homologous with one another in the sense that the sporophyte arose by the gradual modification of individuals originally resemblin the sexual plant. Celakovsky and Bower, on the other hand, maintaint the view tha t the sporophyte, as an interpolated stage in the life-history arising by elaboration of the zygote, a few thallophytes.

Larvae of Ceratophyllus wickhami and other Species of Fleas

Parasitology ◽  
1930 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enid K. Sikes
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Grey Squirrel ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Xenopsylla Cheopis ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Third Instar Larva

A short historical account is given of the writings on flea larvae since the seventeenth century. The larvae have been known since Leeuwenhoek tried to breed them in 1683.The life-history of Ceratophyllus wickhami is described. The fleas were bred in the laboratory on a grey squirrel. Three larval instars occur, and the life-history occupies, on an average, 6 weeks under experimental conditions.The external anatomy of the third instar larva of C. wickhami is described. The mouth parts are generalised and suggest the condition of a primitive insect. The tracheal system is composed of a double longitudinal trunk on each side, with spiracles on the prothorax, metathorax and first eight abdominal segments.The first and second instar of C. wickhami are similar to the third instar larvae, except in size and the presence of a hatching spine in the first stage.The larva of Ceratophyllus fasciatus is mentioned. The importance of the species lies in the presence of completely separated galea and lacinia.Larvae of Xenopsylla cheopis and X. astia are briefly described. The larvae of the two species are practically identical except for the shape of the mandibles.

scholarly journals Curculio Curculis lupus: biology, behavior and morphology of immatures of the cannibal weevil Anchylorhynchus eriospathae G. G. Bondar, 1943

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno A S de Medeiros ◽  
Daniela C Bená ◽  
Sergio A Vanin
Keyword(s):  
Instar Larva ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
First Instar ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Plant Feeders ◽  
New Synonymy

Weevils are one of the largest groups of living organisms, with more than 60,000 species feeding mostly on plants. With only one exception, their described larvae are typical plant-feeders, with mouthparts adapted to chewing plant material. Here we describe the second case of a weevil with early-instar larvae adapted to killing conspecifics. We have studied the life history of Anchylorhynchus eriospathae G. G. Bondar, 1943, a species whose immatures feed internally on palm flowers and fruits. We provide detailed descriptions of all immature stages, including the extremely modified first-instar larva. Unlike other weevils and later instars, this stage exhibits a flat body with very long ventropedal lobe setae, a large and prognathous head with a gula, and falciform mandibles, each with a serrate retinaculum, that are used to fight with and eventually kill other first-instar larvae. We also provide biological notes on all stages and the results of behavioral tests that showed that larval aggression occurs only among early life stages. Finally we show that adult size is highly dependent on timing of oviposition. This specialized killer first instar probably evolved independently from the one other case known in weevils (in Revena rubiginosa). Interestingly, both lineages inhabit the same hosts, raising the possibility that both intra- and inter-specific competition shaped those phenotypes. Given the scarcity of knowledge on early larval stages of concealed insect herbivores, it is possible that our findings represent an instance of a much broader phenomenon. Our observations also allowed us to conclude that Anchylorhynchus eriospathae and A. hatschbachi G. G. Bondar, 1943 are actually the same species, which we synonymize here by considering the latter as a junior synonym (new synonymy).

scholarly journals Life history of Parnips and the evolutionary origin of gall wasps

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 91-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Ronquist ◽  
Johan A. A. Nylander ◽  
Hege Vårdal ◽  
José Luis Nieves-Aldrey
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Host Larva ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gall Wasps ◽  
History Of

By mechanisms that are still unknown, gall wasps (Cynipidae) induce plants to form complex galls, inside which their larvae develop. The family also includes inquilines (phytophagous forms that live inside the galls of other gall inducers) and possibly also parasitoids of gall inducers. The origin of cynipids is shrouded in mystery, but it has been clear for some time that a key group in making progress on this question is the ‘figitoid inquilines’. They are gall-associated relatives of cynipids, whose biology is poorly known. Here, we report the first detailed data on the life history of a figitoid inquiline, the genusParnips. Dissections of mature galls show thatParnipsnigripesis a parasitoid ofBarbotiniaoraniensis, a cynipid that induces single-chambered galls inside the seed capsules of annual poppies (PapaverrhoeasandP.dubium). Galls with pupae ofParnipsnigripesalways contain the remains of a terminal-instar larva ofB.oraniensis. The mandibles of the terminal-instar larva ofP.nigripesare small and equipped with a single sharp tooth, a shape that is characteristic of carnivorous larvae. The weight ofP.nigripespupae closely match that of the same sex ofB.oraniensispupae, indicating thatParnipsmakes efficient use of its host and suggesting that ovipositingParnipsfemales lay eggs that match the sex of the host larva. Dissection of young galls show that another species ofParnips, hitherto undescribed, spends its late larval life as an ectoparasitoid ofIraellahispanica, a cynipid that induces galls in flowers of annual poppies. These and other observations suggest thatParnipsshares the early endoparasitic-late ectoparasitic life history described for all other cynipoid parasitoids. Our findings imply that gall wasps evolved from parasitoids of gall insects. The original hosts could not have been cynipids but possibly chalcidoids, which appear to be the hosts of several extant figitoid inquilines. It is still unclear whether the gall inducers evolved rapidly from these ancestral parasitoids, or whether they were preceded by a long series of intermediate forms that were phytophagous inquilines.

scholarly journals Life-History and Behavior of the Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella on Brassicaceae Cultivars over Multiple Generations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Antonio De Bortoli ◽  
Wanderlei Dibelli ◽  
Dagmara Ramalho ◽  
Robério C S Neves ◽  
Caroline Placidi De Bortoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Multiple Generations ◽  
And Behavior

On the Morphology and Life History of Aproctonema entomophagum Keilin, a Nematode Parasite in the Larvae of Sciara pullula Winn. (Diptera—Nematocera)

Parasitology ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Keilin ◽  
V. C. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decaying Wood

1. An account is given of Aproctonema entomophagum Keilin 1917, a Nematode parasite of the larvae of a Mycetophilid fly, Sciara pullula Winn., inhabiting decaying wood.2. The life history of this parasite is remarkable in the following respects:(a) The free-living stage is very short.(b) Both sexes are parasitic.(c) The usual host is the larva of the fly, from which the parasite escapes by actively breaking through the skin; but some parasites may be carried through to the imagines, from which they escape largely by the aid of the egg-laying movements provoked by them in the flies.3. Metamorphosis of the Sciara larva is delayed by the parasitism, so that at least two generations of Nematodes may be found in one host.4. All the parasitised imagines so far examined have been females.5. The systematic position of Aproctonema is discussed, the conclusion being that this worm and its near relative, Tetradonema plicans Cobb 1919, represent two closely allied genera of the family Mermithidae, but are not synonymous with Mermis. It is proposed to dispense with the family Tetra-donematidae Cobb.

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