The preimaginal stages of Galerita ruficollis Dejean, 1825 and the position of the tribe Galeritini in the classification of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

The complete development cycle of Galerita (Galerita) ruficollis Dejean, 1825 was studied for the first time. In laboratory, at a temperature of 22 °C and long-day conditions, the development from egg to adult lasted 58–60 days. The development of the third instar larva lasted particularly long (on average, 19 days), and the most intense increase in biomass (from 20 to 100 mg) was observed at that phase as well. The extended embryonic development (11–20 days) and the relatively short development time of the third instar larva were found to be characteristic of G. ruficollis. The bifurcated protrusion of the anterior edge of the head was proven to represent an outgrowth of the frontal sclerite (frontale), but not of the nasale, as believed previously. The chaetotaxy of Galerita larvae is described in detail for the first time. Based on larval features, the monophyly of the Galeritini + Dryptini group is confirmed. Based on the morphology of the larvae and pupae, this group can be suggested as occupying a separate position within the Truncatipennia, possibly being related to the assemblage that includes Pterostichini, Harpalini, Licinini, Chlaenini, and Platynini. The monophyly of Zuphiitae (sensu Erwin and Sims 1984; Erwin 1985) and the Zuphiitae clade (sensu Ober and Maddison 2008) is confirmed.

DNA Barcoding Identifies Unknown Females and Larvae of Fannia R.-D. (Diptera: Fanniidae) from Carrion Succession Experiment and Case Report

Application of available keys to European Fanniidae did not facilitate unequivocal species identification for third instar larvae and females of Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 collected during a study of arthropod succession on pig carrion. To link these samples to known species, we took the advantage of molecular identification methods and compared newly obtained cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode sequences against sequences deposited in reference databases. As an outcome of the results obtained, we describe for the first time a third instar larva of Fannia nigra Malloch, 1910 and Fannia pallitibia (Rondani, 1866) and a female of Fannia collini d’Assis-Fonseca, 1966. We provide combinations of characters allowing for discrimination of described insects from other Fanniidae. We provide an update for the key by Rozkošný et al. 1997, which allows differentiation between females of F. collini and other species of Fanniidae. Additionally, we provide a case of a human cadaver discovered in Southern Poland and insect fauna associated with it as the first report of F. nigra larvae developing on a human body.

Description of the Puparium and Redescription of the Third-Instar Larva of Brachyopa panzeri (Diptera, Syrphidae) with New Data on its Biology

In this study, we report the rearing of Brachyopa panzeri Goffe, 1945 from larva and elucidate its life circle with a duration of the pupal stage for the first time. We describe the puparium of B. panzeri of which the morphology was unknown prior to the current study. The study of the larva of B. panzeri showed discrepancies between our observations and its original description. These allow us to redescribe the larva, explaining the uncertainties that have existed in the literature since the description of the larva. We clarify larval morphology and propose new characters for identification with the map of its chaetotaxy. Morphological features of the larva and pupa are illustrated using both light- and electron microscopy. Additionally, we reared the endoparasitoid wasp Tetrastichus brachyopae Graham, 1991 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from B. panzeri for the first time. Moreover, T. brachyopae is a new species for Ukraine.

First description of immature stages of Gastropini, Gastrops willistoni Cresson (Diptera: Ephydridae) preying on eggs in a foam nest of Leptodactylus knudseni Heyer (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in Central Amazon

The third instar larva and puparium of Gastrops willistoni Cresson (Diptera: Ephydridae), preying on eggs in a foam nest of Leptodactylus knudseni Heyer (Anura: Leptodactylidae), in a central Amazonian dryland forest (Brazil) are described for the first time. The fusiform larva has a short breathing tube, its anterior spiracles are fan-shaped and posterior spiracles with three spircular openings. Pupa is ovoid with a broad anterior margin and bifurcate posterior tip. The taxonomic relationship of the frog egg predators, Gastrops Williston and Typopsilopa Cresson, are discussed.

Description of the third instar larva and pupa of Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from Southern Brazil

The third instar larva and pupa of Macraspis morio Burmeister, 1844 (Rutelinae: Rutelini: Anticheirina), collected in Paraná, Brazil, is described and illustrations and comments are given. The larva differs from other Macraspis larvae by the head with 6 posterofrontal setae and mandibles with a blunt second left incisor tooth. The pupa is similar to that of M. festiva Burmeister, 1844.

Toksisitas Ekstrak Biji Mahoni Terhadap Ulat Plutella xylostella pada Daun Kubis

<p><em>Plutella xylostella</em> is one of cabbage’s main pests. Botanical insecticides as alternative of chemical insecticides need to be expand, one of them is mahogany seed extract. Mahogany seed exctract contains saponin and flavonoid as reported mortal to <em>P. xylostella</em>. This study aimed to know the effective concentration of mahogany seed extract to manage <em>P. xylostella</em> different larva instar and to know LC₅₀value of mahogany seed extract to <em>P. xylostella</em>. This method used was completely randomized experimental design (CRD). Two factors used were mahogany seed exctract concentrations (0 gL^-1, 5 gL^-1, 10 gL^-1, 20 gL^-1, and 40 gL^-1) and larva instar (first and third instar). Each treatment repeated four times. The results showed that percentage of larva mortality first instar higher than third instar. Concentration 20 gL^-1 of mahogany seed exctract effective to kill first instar larva, and concentration 40 gL^-1 effective for third instar. Percentage of pupa mortality highest in concentration 10 gL^-1 for first instar and concentration 40 gL^-1 for third instar larva. Antifeedant increased as concentration given, while the eating ability that higher in third instar was decreased. LC₅₀ for first instar larva was 2,6 gL^-1 and third instar was 13,7 gL^-1, meaned that mahogany seed extract more toxic to first instar than third instar larva.</p>