scholarly journals RESPONSES OF CONOPHTHORUS SPP. (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) TO BEHAVIORAL CHEMICALS IN FIELD TRIALS: A TRANSCONTINENTAL PERSPECTIVE

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 925-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Gillette Rappaport ◽  
John D. Stein ◽  
Adolfo Arturo del Rio Mora ◽  
Gary DeBarr ◽  
Peter de Groot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
Pinus Pseudostrobus ◽  
Male Beetle

AbstractWe tested six behavioral chemicals, pityol, conophthorin, 4-allylanisole, verbenone, 2-hexenol, and α-pinene, in a series of field trials directed at six combinations of Conophthorus Hopkins – Pinus L. spp. (Pinaceae) in sites distributed across North America. Beetle – host tree combinations included Conophthorus ponderosae Hopkins on Pinus ponderosa Laws., C. ponderosae on Pinus monticola Dougl., Conophthorus conicolens Wood on Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl., Conophthorus teocotum Wood on Pinus teocote Schl. & Cham., Conophthorus coniperda (Schwarz) on Pinus strobus L., and Conophthorus resinosae Hopkins on Pinus resinosa Ait. trans-Verbenol was tested only on C. resinosae on P. resinosa. Traps baited with pityol caught more beetles than unbaited traps in nearly all of the assays, and conophthorin consistently inhibited male beetle response to pityol for all species tested. Behavioral responses of species of Conophthorus to α-pinene appeared to parallel host phylogeny, inasmuch as beetles using Haploxylon pines as hosts utilized α-pinene as a synergist for the beetle-produced pityol, whereas beetles using Diploxylon pines as hosts did not. α-Pinene was a synergist for pityol in C. ponderosae on P. monticola and C. coniperda on P. strobus, but not for species of Conophthorus on any other pines tested. Conophthorus ponderosae on P. ponderosa was the only beetle–host combination tested where verbenone was a synergist for pityol, but this effect was not consistent in all years of testing. It was also the only beetle–host combination in which 4-allylanisole was a repellent. For all other beetle–host combinations, verbenone was neutral to slightly repellent and 4-allylanisole was either synergistic or neutral in pityol-baited traps. Promising synergists and interruptants/repellents were identified for implementation in pest-management regimes, including conophthorin as an interruptant for all species of Conophthorus tested, 4-allylanisole as an interruptant for C. ponderosae on P. ponderosa, α-pinene as a synergist for pityol in all species tested on Haploxylon pines, and 4-allylanisole as a synergist for pityol in C. conicolens and C. coniperda.

Foliage height influences specific leaf area of three conifer species

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D Marshall ◽  
Robert A Monserud
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Northern Idaho

Specific leaf area (SLA), the ratio of projected leaf area to leaf dry mass, is a critical parameter in many forest process models. SLA describes the efficiency with which the leaf captures light relative to the biomass invested in the leaf. It increases from top to bottom of a canopy, but it is unclear why. We sampled stands with low and elevated canopies (young and old stands) to determine whether SLA is related to water potential, as inferred from branch height and length, or shade, as inferred from branch position relative to the rest of the canopy, or both. We studied western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.), and interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca) in northern Idaho. SLA decreased with branch height (P < 0.0001) at rates that varied among species (P < 0.0001). Branch length had no influence on SLA (P = 0.85). We detected no differences with canopy elevation (P = 0.90), but the slopes of lines relating SLA to branch height may have differed between the canopy elevation classes (P = 0.039). The results are consistent with predictions based on the hypothesis that SLA decreases as the gravitational component of water potential falls. The lack of a strong shading effect simplifies the estimation of canopy SLA for process models, requiring only species and branch heights.

Vegetation variation among mesic successional forest stands in northern lower Michigan

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Roberts ◽  
Norman L. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Soil Variables

Vegetation composition of the shrub–tree and herb layers was sampled in 70 successional aspen (Populus tremuloides and Populus grandidentata) stands of different ages (1–90 years) on a variety of sites in northern lower Michigan. Physical and chemical characteristics of soil profiles were also measured at each site. Three stand groupings were identified based on site conditions and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) ordination of the vegetation. Sandy dry-mesic soils support forests of Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra, Pinus resinosa, and Pinus strobus. On lowland sandy soils with a fluctuating water table, Pinus strobus, Abies balsamea, Viburnum lentago, and Viburnum cassinoides are important. Mesic soils with stratified calcareous layers or clay till substrates support Acer saccharum, Fagus grandifolia, Tilia americana, Fraxinus americana, Ostrya virginiana, and Acer pensylvanicum. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to compare DCA scores with soil variables; first-axis DCA scores were correlated with a suite of soil variables and stand age was correlated with second or third DCA axis scores. Separate DCA ordinations of the dry-mesic and mesic groups revealed successional relations on these sites. On dry-mesic sites, Pinus resinosa and Pinus strobus increase in importance with stand age, while Prunus serotina, Prunus virginiana, Prunus pensylvanica, and the aspens decrease. On mesic sites, early successional species include the aspens, Corylus cornuta, Prunus serotina, and Prunus pensylvanica. Fagus grandifolia, Acer pensylvanicum, Quercus rubra, Viburnum acerifolium, Betula papyrifera, Acer rubrum, and Tilia americana are more abundant in mature mesic-site stands. Ordinations of the herb data were remarkably similar to those for trees and shrubs except on dry-mesic sites. Much of the residual variability in vegetation not accounted for by site conditions and stand age is probably related to historical factors such as the nature of disturbance and variations in seed rain.

Stomiopeltis pinastri. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Diagnostic Features

Abstract A description is provided for Stomiopeltis pinastri, which are found on dead pine needles. Details are given of its hosts (Cupressus abramsiana, Juniperus communis, Picea sp., Pinus brutia, Pinus caribaea, Pinus cembra, Pinus contorta, Pinus halepensis, Pinus montezumae, Pinus monticola, Pinus mugo, Pinus muricata, Pinus nigra, Pinus nigra var. austriaca, Pinus nigra var. maritime, Pinus pinaster, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus radiata, Pinus roxburghii, Pinus strobus, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus taeda, Pinus thunbergiana [Pinus thunbergii], Pinus wallichiana and Protium sp.), associated species, geographical distribution (Canada (British Columbia), USA (California, Georgia, New York, North Carolina, Tennessee and Washington), Brazil (Pernambuco), India (Himachal Pradesh and Jammu-Kashmir), Pakistan, Portugal (Azores), Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Irish Republic, Finland, France, Germany, UK, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, San Marino, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland), transmission, diagnostic features and conservation status.

scholarly journals Verbenone Inhibits Attraction of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Pheromone-Baited Traps in Northern Arizona

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 3017-3020
Author(s):  
Monica L Gaylord ◽  
Stephen R McKelvey ◽  
Christopher J Fettig ◽  
Joel D McMillin
Keyword(s):  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Pine Engraver ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Recent outbreaks of engraver beetles, Ips spp. De Geer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Scolytinae), in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. (Pinales: Pinaceae), forests of northern Arizona have resulted in widespread tree mortality. Current treatment options, such as spraying individual P. ponderosa with insecticides or deep watering of P. ponderosa in urban and periurban settings, are limited in applicability and scale. Thinning stands to increase tree vigor is also recommended, but appropriate timing is crucial. Antiaggregation pheromones, widely used to protect high-value trees or areas against attacks by several species of Dendroctonus Erichson (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Scolytinae), would provide a feasible alternative with less environmental impacts than current treatments. We evaluated the efficacy of the antiaggregation pheromone verbenone (4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one) in reducing attraction of pine engraver, I. pini (Say), to funnel traps baited with their aggregation pheromone in two trapping assays. Treatments included 1) unbaited control, 2) aggregation pheromone (bait), 3) bait with verbenone deployed from a pouch, and 4) bait with verbenone deployed from a flowable and biodegradable formulation (SPLAT Verb, ISCA Technologies Inc., Riverside, CA). Unbaited traps caught no beetles. In both assays, baited traps caught significantly more I. pini than traps with either formulation of verbenone, and no significant difference was observed between the verbenone pouch and SPLAT Verb. In the second assay, we also examined responses of Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), a common bark beetle predator. Traps containing verbenone pouches caught significantly fewer T. chlorodia than the baited control and SPLAT Verb treatments. We conclude that verbenone shows promise for reducing tree mortality from I. pini.

Chemical Root Pruning Improves the Root System Morphology of Containerized Seedlings

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Wenny ◽  
Richard L. Woollen
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Interior Walls

Abstract Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa), and western white pine (Pinus monticola) where chemically root pruned with cupric carbonate (CuCO3) during greenhouse production. The interior walls of Styroblock 4A® and Ray Leach® pine cell containers (each 66 cm³) were coated with latex paint containing CuCO3 at concentrations of 0, 30, 100, or 300 g/l. Seedlings were potted after one growing season, initiating a standard root growth potential test (Duryea 1984). The number and length of new roots more than 1 cm in length were measured. Seedling root systems increased in total root number and length, especially in the upper segments of the root plug, as a result of chemical root pruning. Seedling height and caliper were unaffected by the cupric carbonate treatments during the production phase, and a latex paint carrier did not decrease seedling growth. West. J. Appl. For. 4(1):15-17, January 1989.

Biochemical assays for identifying seeds of lodgepole pine and other conifers fed on by Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera: Coreidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1349-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron G Lait ◽  
Sarah L Bates ◽  
Karen K Morrissette ◽  
John H Borden ◽  
Allison R Kermode
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Salivary Proteins ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Leptoglossus Occidentalis

Radiography is a valuable tool for assessing quality of conifer seeds, but it cannot differentiate between aborted seeds and seeds that have been emptied by western conifer seed bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann) feeding. We tested three biochemical marker-based assays that were developed to identify L. occidentalis damage to seeds of Douglas-fir, Pseudostuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, for their use in lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann. The three assays included measurement of storage protein reserve depletion, immunodetection of fragments of insoluble (crystalloid) storage proteins, and immunodetection of L. occidentalis salivary proteins. Aborted seeds contained significantly less soluble and insoluble protein than seeds that were fed on by L. occidentalis. Polyclonal antibodies raised against 11S globulin crystalloid proteins or L. occidentalis salivary gland extracts only immunoreacted with proteins in seeds exposed to L. occidentalis feeding. In a single-blind test, antibody raised against salivary-gland extracts correctly distinguished between undamaged full seeds, unfilled aborted seeds, and seeds fed on by L. occidentalis. Immunodetection of L. occidentalis salivary proteins was also performed on seeds of Abies amabilis Dougl. ex J. Forbes, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., Picea sitchensis Bong (Carr.), Pinus ponderosa Lawson, and Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don. For all species, immunoreactive polypeptides were only detected in seeds fed on by L. occidentalis. These biochemical marker-based techniques could help researchers and seed orchard managers estimate seed losses caused by L. occidentalis in commercial seed orchards and natural forest stands.Key words: Leptoglossus occidentalis, saliva, biochemical markers, polyclonal antibody, immunodetection, Pinus contorta.

Effect of release rate and enantiomeric composition on response to pheromones of Megaplatypus mutatus (Chapuis) in poplar plantations of Argentina and Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán Funes ◽  
Eduardo Zerba ◽  
Paola Gonzalez-Audino
Keyword(s):  
Release Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Poplar Plantations ◽  
Enantiomer Composition ◽  
Megaplatypus Mutatus

AbstractMegaplatypus mutatus (=Platypus sulcatus Chapuis) is an Ambrosia beetle native to South America, which was recently introduced in Italy and its presence there is causing severe damage to the local poplar plantations. The male M. mutatus pheromone is composed of (S)-(+)-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol [(+)-sulcatol], 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone) and 3-pentanol. A series of field trials testing dose, blend and enantiomer composition performed in Argentina and Italy evaluated attraction and found that the optimal release rate of pheromone components as baits in cross vane baited traps (CIPEIN-CV) was 6, 6 and 30 mg day−1 of sulcatone, (+)-sulcatol and 3-pentanol, respectively. It was also determined that racemic sulcatol is as effective as the pure (+)-isomer for the purpose of beetle catch, due to the inert nature of the (−)-isomer allowing the usage of low cost racemic sulcatol instead of highly expensive (+)-sulcatol. The results of our work contribute to the development of pheromone-based local technologies with low environmental impact and low cost for control or monitoring of an important pest.

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