Preference of Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) parent adults and shoot-feeding progeny adults for three pine species

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan W. Siegert ◽  
Deborah G. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Tomicus Piniperda ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Pine Shoot Beetle

AbstractHost preference of the pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.), was investigated in two laboratory choice test studies using red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) (Pinaceae), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), and Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Host preference of parent adult beetles was evaluated using freshly cut, similarly sized logs in a wind tunnel. Parent beetles colonized Scotch pine logs significantly more often when given a choice of Scotch pine and either red pine or jack pine logs, but did not show a preference when presented with red pine and jack pine logs. Host preference of progeny adults was tested in a laboratory bioassay using current-year pine shoots. Shoot-feeding progeny adults initiated tunnels in jack pine shoots significantly more often than in Scotch pine and red pine shoots, and preferred Scotch pine over red pine shoots. Shoots with diameters of 0.4–0.5 cm were attacked most frequently, regardless of species. Results suggest that the two North American pines are suitable hosts, but T. piniperda may be most likely to colonize Scotch pine, a European species. Efforts to detect or monitor T. piniperda populations in the Great Lakes and northeastern regions should focus on areas with abundant Scotch pine brood material. Progeny that emerge from brood material, however, may be as likely to shoot-feed in jack pine as in Scotch pine.

DISPERSAL OF TOMICUS PINIPERDA (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) FROM OPERATIONAL AND SIMULATED MILL YARDS

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Poland ◽  
R.A. Haack ◽  
T.R. Petrice ◽  
C.S. Sadof ◽  
D.W. Onstad
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Tomicus Piniperda ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Release Point ◽  
Pine Shoot Beetle ◽  
Mark Release Recapture ◽  
Exotic Pest ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThe pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.), is an exotic pest that is regulated by federal quarantines in the United States and Canada. Mark–release–recapture experiments were performed with infested logs coated with fluorescent powder to determine if overwintering beetles in logs would leave a mill yard if infested logs were transported to sawmills in uninfested areas. Overwintering T. piniperda adults were marked with powder as they emerged in spring. Dispersal studies were conducted in four simulated mill yards and five operational sawmills to determine whether T. piniperda would colonize only the log pile in which they overwintered, fly to nearby log piles, or disperse beyond the mill yard. Each simulated mill yard was composed of 36 uninfested red pine logs, Pinus resinosa Ait. (Pinaceae), and 12 α-pinene-baited funnel traps set up to 100 m from a central release pile of six uninfested red pine and nine infested logs of Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris L. At the five operational sawmills, baited funnel traps were set up to 400 m outside of each mill yard. Overall, 482 T. piniperda galleries were found on the experimental logs recovered from the four simulated mill yards combined. Tomicus piniperda adults dispersed and attacked the most distant logs at 100 m from the release point in the simulated mill yards. Likewise, adults were captured in baited funnel traps at distances up to 230 m in simulated mill yards and 250 m around operational sawmills. Although numbers of recaptured T. piniperda were generally low, in all cases some adults dispersed outside the mill yards despite the presence of abundant suitable breeding material. Therefore, logs containing overwintering adults pose a risk of spreading T. piniperda if not processed prior to initiation of spring flight.

scholarly journals Survey of Shoot Damage Caused by the Exotic Pine Shoot Beetle in Michigan Pine Stands

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan W. Siegert ◽  
Deborah G. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
North Central ◽  
Pine Shoot Beetle ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Shoot Damage

Abstract The exotic pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda [L.] (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is a Eurasian pest of pines that was first discovered in North America in 1992 near Cleveland, Ohio. It has since been found in at least 72 counties in Michigan, 285 additional counties in 11 other north central and eastern states, and the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. We counted injured shoots along linear transects in ten stands of Scotch (Pinus sylvestris L.), red (Pinus resinosa Aiton), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lambert) in lower Michigan (30 stands total) to estimate the frequency of shoot damage attributable to pine shoot beetle, other shoot-feeding insects, weather, and other damaging agents from 1997 to 1999. Fifteen of the stands were located in southwestern counties where pine shoot beetle has been established for at least 8 to 10 yr. The other 15 stands were in northern counties where pine shoot beetle establishment is more recent. In the southwestern stands, pine shoot beetle killed significantly more shoots in Scotch pine stands than in red or jack pine stands, and injured more shoots in Scotch pine stands than all other insects combined. Two of these Scotch pine stands were near an area with an abundance of Scotch pine brood material available to parent beetles. Damage in these two stands averaged roughly 10 to 12 shoots per m2 in 1998 and 1999, compared with 0.6 to 1.6 shoots per m2 in other Scotch pine stands, and less than 0.2 shoots per m2 in nearby red or jack pine stands. Pine shoot beetle was at very low or undetectable levels in northern stands in all years. Shoots injured by three other shoot-feeding insects were occasionally encountered, most often in red pine stands, but caused an insignificant amount of damage. With the exception of the southwestern Scotch pine stands, most of the shoot damage, particularly in northern jack pine stands, was attributable to squirrels or abiotic factors such as wind, ice or snow. North. J. Appl. For. 18(4):101–109.

Susceptibility of pine plantations to attack by the pine shoot beetle (Tomicus piniperda) in southern Ontario

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2528-2540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E Morgan ◽  
Peter de Groot ◽  
Sandy M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Tomicus Piniperda ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Pine Shoot Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees

The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was first discovered in North America in 1992, and by the late 1990s it was associated with tree mortality and stand decline throughout southern Ontario. To assess whether this beetle was capable of killing vigorous trees (a primary pest) or would kill only trees already stressed (a secondary pest), we surveyed 43 sites of varying Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) composition. Specifically, our objective was to determine the relationship between tree and site characteristics and the number of stem and shoot attacks by T. piniperda in southern Ontario. An abundance of recently dead and low-vigour pine trees increased susceptibility of sites to stem and shoot attacks by T. piniperda. Significant negative linear relationships were detected between the number of beetle attacks and the mean height, age, diameter at breast height, basal area, canopy cover, duff depth, and radial growth increments. Pure red pine sites had significantly fewer attacks than sites of pure Scots pine and mixed jack pine, which was attributed to differences in tree vigour and forest management. Tomicus piniperda appears to be a secondary bark beetle in southern Ontario, successfully colonizing only recently dead pine trees or trees suffering from stress.

Notes on Leconte's Sawfly

1952 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
A. S. West
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Neodiprion Lecontei ◽  
Significant Damage

Leconte's sawfly or the red-headed pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei Fitch) is a common insect attacking pines in Ontario. Plantations red pine are almost invariably attacked from the time the trees have reached two to four feet in height. Periodically epidemic populations cause significant damage. The life history and habits of the species have heen described by Middleton (2) who states that this insect attacks practically all species of pine as bell as larch. Schaffner (3) also indicates that the larvae feed on a wide variety of pine and occasionally on other conifers. Red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) is undoubtedly the usual host, although in Ontario jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) is sometimes attacked. In 1946 evidence was secured to show that jack pine needles may be selected for oviposition even in an area where red pine foliage is plentiful. (Figure 1).

COLEOSPORIUM VIBURNI ON JACK PINE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH C. ASTERUM

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117-1120
Author(s):  
G. B. Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Coleosporium Asterum

Through inoculation tests in the greenhouse and in the field, the previously unknown 0 and I stages of Coleosporium viburni Arth. are shown to occur on jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). These stages are described and differences in aeciospore morphology which permit distinction on pine of this rust from Coleosporium asterum (Diet.) Syd. are discussed. The description of C. asterum is amended to include differences in aeciospore size between collections on jack and red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.). The known distribution of C. viburni is summarized.

Notes on the Parasites of Neodiprion nanulus Schedl (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Coppel
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Beneficial Insects ◽  
Heavy Infestation

In collecting sawfly eggs, larvae, and cocoons for propagating beneficial insects at the Belleville laboratory, a heavy infestation of a pine sawfly, Neodiprion nanulus Schedl, was discovered in 1942 nine miles north of Belleville, on a 25-year-old plantation of red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait.; Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.; and jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb.From samples of the eggs collected in the spring of 1943, no parasites emerged.

The Seasonal Development of a Species of Conophthorus (Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the Shoots of Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana (Lamb.), in Ontario

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 936-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Herdy ◽  
J. B. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Second Year

Two publications dealing with the seasonal development of species of Conophthorus have appeared in recent years. Lyons (1956) reported on a study of C. resinosae Hopk. in red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait., in Ontario, whereas Ruckes (1958) gave the details of his observations on C. radiatae Hopk. in Monterey pine, Pinus radiata D. Don, in California. Both species attack the developing cones of the host tree, although Lyons found that C. resinosae would develop in the shoots of red pine, and occasionally attacked the second-year cones of jack pine as well. The jack pine-inhabiting species, however, has been found almost exclusively in the shoots; only seven second-year cones that had been mined were collectcd during two years of investigation.

scholarly journals Resistance of Pinus banksiana to the European race of Gremmeniella abietina

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Laflamme ◽  
R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
The North ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
European Race ◽  
Low Incidence

In the early 1980s, more than 90% of mortality caused by Gremmeniella abietina, European race, was recorded in red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations 200 km northwest of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Surrounding jack pines (Pinus banksiana) did not appear to be affected. Consequently, foresters began to plant the affected areas with jack pine seedlings. In 1988, plots of 100 jack pines were established in three of the four selected plantations. As reference, red pine seedlings were planted in 1989 under similar conditions in the fourth plantation. Observations were carried out annually from 1989 to 1992. Mortality of red pine seedlings reached 70% in 1992 while all jack pines on the three experimental sites were free of the disease except for a tip blight, a distinctive feature allowing race identification in the field. The North American race symptoms were present at a very low incidence, but began to increase on site I in 1992. More than 10 years after planting, the jack pine trees still show resistance to the European race of G. abietina while all the red pines died.

Colonization of Scots, red, and jack pine logs by Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Michigan pine stands

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2238-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan W Siegert ◽  
Deborah G McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
North American ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Tomicus Piniperda ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Northern Michigan

We investigated host preference of the pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in a large-scale field study in 1997 and 1998. This Eurasian pest, first discovered in North America in 1992, is capable of developing and shoot-feeding in many North American pines. We hypothesized, however, that T. piniperda would preferentially colonize Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), a Eurasian species, more frequently than North American red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). We placed freshly cut Scots, red, and jack pine logs in Scots, red, and jack pine forest stands each year in southwestern Michigan, where T. piniperda populations have been established for several years, and in central and northern Michigan, where T. piniperda populations were low to rare. Following T. piniperda progeny emergence, logs were retrieved and debarked and T. piniperda attack density was determined for each log. Tomicus piniperda colonized 80%–90% of the pine logs in the southwestern Michigan stands compared with 2%–19% of logs in the central Michigan stands. No logs in the northern Michigan stands were colonized by T. piniperda in either year. In the southwestern pine stands, T. piniperda attack densities were significantly greater on Scots pine logs than on jack and red pine logs, regardless of stand species.

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