scholarly journals Resistance of Pinus banksiana to the European race of Gremmeniella abietina

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Laflamme ◽  
R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
The North ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
European Race ◽  
Low Incidence

In the early 1980s, more than 90% of mortality caused by Gremmeniella abietina, European race, was recorded in red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations 200 km northwest of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Surrounding jack pines (Pinus banksiana) did not appear to be affected. Consequently, foresters began to plant the affected areas with jack pine seedlings. In 1988, plots of 100 jack pines were established in three of the four selected plantations. As reference, red pine seedlings were planted in 1989 under similar conditions in the fourth plantation. Observations were carried out annually from 1989 to 1992. Mortality of red pine seedlings reached 70% in 1992 while all jack pines on the three experimental sites were free of the disease except for a tip blight, a distinctive feature allowing race identification in the field. The North American race symptoms were present at a very low incidence, but began to increase on site I in 1992. More than 10 years after planting, the jack pine trees still show resistance to the European race of G. abietina while all the red pines died.

Preference of Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) parent adults and shoot-feeding progeny adults for three pine species

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan W. Siegert ◽  
Deborah G. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Tomicus Piniperda ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Pine Shoot Beetle

AbstractHost preference of the pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.), was investigated in two laboratory choice test studies using red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) (Pinaceae), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), and Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Host preference of parent adult beetles was evaluated using freshly cut, similarly sized logs in a wind tunnel. Parent beetles colonized Scotch pine logs significantly more often when given a choice of Scotch pine and either red pine or jack pine logs, but did not show a preference when presented with red pine and jack pine logs. Host preference of progeny adults was tested in a laboratory bioassay using current-year pine shoots. Shoot-feeding progeny adults initiated tunnels in jack pine shoots significantly more often than in Scotch pine and red pine shoots, and preferred Scotch pine over red pine shoots. Shoots with diameters of 0.4–0.5 cm were attacked most frequently, regardless of species. Results suggest that the two North American pines are suitable hosts, but T. piniperda may be most likely to colonize Scotch pine, a European species. Efforts to detect or monitor T. piniperda populations in the Great Lakes and northeastern regions should focus on areas with abundant Scotch pine brood material. Progeny that emerge from brood material, however, may be as likely to shoot-feed in jack pine as in Scotch pine.

Notes on Leconte's Sawfly

1952 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
A. S. West
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Neodiprion Lecontei ◽  
Significant Damage

Leconte's sawfly or the red-headed pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei Fitch) is a common insect attacking pines in Ontario. Plantations red pine are almost invariably attacked from the time the trees have reached two to four feet in height. Periodically epidemic populations cause significant damage. The life history and habits of the species have heen described by Middleton (2) who states that this insect attacks practically all species of pine as bell as larch. Schaffner (3) also indicates that the larvae feed on a wide variety of pine and occasionally on other conifers. Red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) is undoubtedly the usual host, although in Ontario jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) is sometimes attacked. In 1946 evidence was secured to show that jack pine needles may be selected for oviposition even in an area where red pine foliage is plentiful. (Figure 1).

COLEOSPORIUM VIBURNI ON JACK PINE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH C. ASTERUM

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117-1120
Author(s):  
G. B. Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Coleosporium Asterum

Through inoculation tests in the greenhouse and in the field, the previously unknown 0 and I stages of Coleosporium viburni Arth. are shown to occur on jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). These stages are described and differences in aeciospore morphology which permit distinction on pine of this rust from Coleosporium asterum (Diet.) Syd. are discussed. The description of C. asterum is amended to include differences in aeciospore size between collections on jack and red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.). The known distribution of C. viburni is summarized.

Notes on the Parasites of Neodiprion nanulus Schedl (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Coppel
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Beneficial Insects ◽  
Heavy Infestation

In collecting sawfly eggs, larvae, and cocoons for propagating beneficial insects at the Belleville laboratory, a heavy infestation of a pine sawfly, Neodiprion nanulus Schedl, was discovered in 1942 nine miles north of Belleville, on a 25-year-old plantation of red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait.; Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.; and jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb.From samples of the eggs collected in the spring of 1943, no parasites emerged.

scholarly journals Quantification of Conidia of Diplodia spp. Extracted from Red and Jack Pine Cones

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel A. Munck ◽  
Glen R. Stanosz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Diplodia Pinea ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
Canker Pathogens

Frequency of detection and inoculum production by the conifer shoot blight and canker pathogens Diplodia pinea and D. scrobiculata on cones of red pine (Pinus resinosa) and jack pine (P. banksiana) were studied. Cones were collected from the ground and from canopies of red and jack pine trees in mixed stands at three sites in each of two different locations during two consecutive summers in Wisconsin. Conidia were extracted in water, quantified, germination tested, and the Diplodia species present was determined using molecular methods. At least one pathogen was detected from each tree at each site in both years. Overall, more conidia were extracted from cones from canopies than cones from the ground and from red pine cones than jack pine cones. Both total numbers of conidia extracted and proportions of cones yielding D. pinea or D. scrobiculata varied by location and pine species. Cones from either the ground or canopies can be used for surveys to detect Diplodia spp. at a given site but cones from canopies may be more useful to determine the relative abundance of potentially available inoculum of these pathogens.

Interaction between Diplodia pinea or Diplodia scrobiculata and fungal endophytes isolated from pine shoots

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1819-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Santamaría ◽  
Denise R. Smith ◽  
Glen R. Stanosz
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Diplodia Pinea ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Canker Pathogens

Four endophytes isolated from healthy shoots of adult red pine ( Pinus resinosa Aiton) or jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees were tested as potential biocontrol agents of the conifer shoot blight and canker pathogens Diplodia pinea (Desmaz.) J. Kickx fil. and Diplodia scrobiculata J. de Wet, B. Slippers & M.J. Wingfield. The effect of the endophytes on the germination of Diplodia species conidia and on the symptom severity caused by these pathogens on P. banksiana seedlings under greenhouse conditions was evaluated. Aggressiveness of each organism also was determined by means of single inoculations on jack pine seedlings. The results indicated that the endophyte Trichoderma atroviride P. Karst. showed a clear antagonism to Diplodia species. The culture filtrate of this fungus was able to reduce spore germination of D. scrobiculata. Furthermore, it was able to inhibit the D. pinea invasion when both organisms were inoculated in the same seedling. The observed reduction in the symptom severity on jack pine seedlings might be due to parasitism and (or) production of inhibitory compounds. Therefore, T. atroviride might deserve further investigations for its use as biocontrol agent against D. pinea.

The Seasonal Development of a Species of Conophthorus (Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the Shoots of Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana (Lamb.), in Ontario

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 936-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Herdy ◽  
J. B. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Second Year

Two publications dealing with the seasonal development of species of Conophthorus have appeared in recent years. Lyons (1956) reported on a study of C. resinosae Hopk. in red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait., in Ontario, whereas Ruckes (1958) gave the details of his observations on C. radiatae Hopk. in Monterey pine, Pinus radiata D. Don, in California. Both species attack the developing cones of the host tree, although Lyons found that C. resinosae would develop in the shoots of red pine, and occasionally attacked the second-year cones of jack pine as well. The jack pine-inhabiting species, however, has been found almost exclusively in the shoots; only seven second-year cones that had been mined were collectcd during two years of investigation.

scholarly journals Sphaeropsis sapinea Morphotypes Differ in Aggressiveness, but Both Infect Nonwounded Red or Jack Pines

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Blodgett ◽  
G. R. Stanosz
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Inoculation Site ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Sphaeropsis Sapinea ◽  
Natural Stands

Two morphotypes of Sphaeropsis sapinea, designated A and B, are recognized in the north central United States. Nonwounded seedlings of red (Pinus resinosa) and jack pine (P. banksiana) were inoculated with conidial suspensions of isolates of each morphotype obtained from hosts in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Wounded seedlings were inoculated with water agar plugs colonized by these isolates. Both morphotypes penetrated both hosts without wounding. On nonwounded seedlings the frequency of symptoms was 97% for A isolates and 18% for B isolates on red pine and 42% for A isolates and 6% for B isolates on jack pine. On average, isolates of the A morphotype also were more aggressive than B isolates on wounded seedlings of both pine species (A isolates causing needle necrosis 7.0 cm from the inoculation sites and B isolates 1.4 cm). Based on symptom severity (distance from the inoculation site at which necrotic needles were observed), A isolates could be distinguished from all B isolates on red pine, but not on jack pine. These observations indicate the potential importance of distinguishing between S. sapinea morphotypes encountered in nurseries, plantations, and natural stands.

Susceptibility of pine plantations to attack by the pine shoot beetle (Tomicus piniperda) in southern Ontario

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2528-2540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E Morgan ◽  
Peter de Groot ◽  
Sandy M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Tomicus Piniperda ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Pine Shoot Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees

The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was first discovered in North America in 1992, and by the late 1990s it was associated with tree mortality and stand decline throughout southern Ontario. To assess whether this beetle was capable of killing vigorous trees (a primary pest) or would kill only trees already stressed (a secondary pest), we surveyed 43 sites of varying Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) composition. Specifically, our objective was to determine the relationship between tree and site characteristics and the number of stem and shoot attacks by T. piniperda in southern Ontario. An abundance of recently dead and low-vigour pine trees increased susceptibility of sites to stem and shoot attacks by T. piniperda. Significant negative linear relationships were detected between the number of beetle attacks and the mean height, age, diameter at breast height, basal area, canopy cover, duff depth, and radial growth increments. Pure red pine sites had significantly fewer attacks than sites of pure Scots pine and mixed jack pine, which was attributed to differences in tree vigour and forest management. Tomicus piniperda appears to be a secondary bark beetle in southern Ontario, successfully colonizing only recently dead pine trees or trees suffering from stress.

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