First Nearctic record of the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a pest of cruciferous crops from Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca H. Hallett ◽  
James D. Heal
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Cole Crops ◽  
Insect Larva ◽  
Swede Midge ◽  
Contarinia Nasturtii ◽  
Damage Symptoms

In 1996, damage symptoms typical of the swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii (Keiffer), were observed on broccoli, Brassica oleracea L. var. italica (Brassicaceae), crops east of Toronto, Ontario. Early attempts to identify an associated insect larva were unsuccessful, and damage symptoms became mistakenly attributed to nutrient deficiencies (T Clarke, personal communication). Between 1996 and 1999, damaged plants were seen by growers regularly, and resulted in up to 85% loss of marketable yield (T Clarke, personal communication). In June 2000, we initiated investigations at two sites 12 km apart to determine the causal organism of this damage. Both sites were located at farms where cole crops are primarily -gown and from where the first damage reports originated.

LAMB’S-QUARTERS INTERFERENCE WITH DIRECT SEEDED BROCCOLI

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1215-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRIS BITTERLICH ◽  
MAHESH K. UPADHYAYA
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Cole Crop

Field experiments were conducted in 1987 and 1988 to study the effect of lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.) interference on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis ’Emperor’) growth and yield. Broccoli growth was initially affected by weed interference at 28–36 d after seeding. Generally, the negative effect of weed interference on broccoli growth increased with increasing weed density and time after seeding. Interference by 15 lamb’s-quarters plants m−2 reduced the biomass of broccoli plants by 71–73% compared to the weed-free control at 57–58 d after seeding. Weed density-crop yield relationship curves showed that one lamb’s-quarters plant m−2 decreased total yield by 18–20% and marketable yield by 22–37%. Lamb’s-quarters reduced the total yield per plot by decreasing the average head weight of broccoli. The number of heads per plot was not affected. Weed interference also reduced the weight of heads classified as marketable (> 10 cm across). However, in 1987 more heads failed to reach a marketable size which resulted in a much smaller marketable yield than in 1988.Key words: Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, broccoli, Chenopodium album L., weed density, weed interference, cole crop

scholarly journals Host Attraction and Selection in the Swede Midge (Contarinia nasturtii)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Boddum ◽  
Béla P. Molnár ◽  
Sharon R. Hill ◽  
Göran Å. O. Birgersson ◽  
Bill S. Hansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Attraction ◽  
Swede Midge ◽  
Contarinia Nasturtii

A method for induction and quantification of diapause entry in the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Des Marteaux ◽  
Marc B. Habash ◽  
Jonathan M. Schmidt ◽  
Rebecca H. Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Diapause Induction ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Retrieval Method ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Rearing Conditions ◽  
Swede Midge ◽  
Pupal Mortality ◽  
Contarinia Nasturtii ◽  
Cool Conditions

AbstractInduction of diapause under laboratory conditions is a valuable tool for the study of dormancy in economic pests such as the swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). In the present study, diapause in larval swede midge was achieved via manipulation of rearing photoperiod and temperature. Frequency of diapause was assessed by sieve separation of diapause cocoons from pre-sifted peat substrate following emergence of pupating individuals. Mean diapause frequency for swede midge larvae reared under cool conditions with short day length or cool conditions with decreasing day lengths were 45.2% and 19.5%, respectively. Only 1.2% of swede midge reared under warm, long day length conditions entered diapause. A small percentage of larvae neither pupated nor entered diapause and remained in substrate long after other individuals had emerged as adults. This behaviour was more prevalent under cool and short or decreasing day length rearing conditions. Approximately 76% of the larvae used for diapause induction were recovered with the present larval and cocoon retrieval method, and premature (larval and pupal) mortality averaged 18.2%. Although diapause occurred in the present study, conditions resulting in higher diapause frequencies should be investigated and attempts should be made to improve survival and recovery of individuals.

Biology of Synopeas myles, a parasitoid of the swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii, in Europe

BioControl ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Abram ◽  
T. Haye ◽  
P. G. Mason ◽  
N. Cappuccino ◽  
G. Boivin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swede Midge ◽  
Contarinia Nasturtii

Optimisation of the pheromone blend of the swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii , for monitoring

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 851-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Boddum ◽  
Niels Skals ◽  
Marit Wirén ◽  
Robert Baur ◽  
Stefan Rauscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swede Midge ◽  
Contarinia Nasturtii ◽  
Pheromone Blend

scholarly journals Controlling Broad Mites [Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)] Using Neoseiulus californicus McGregor and Sulfur After Transplanting Infested Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Seedlings in the Greenhouse

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103A-1103
Author(s):  
Elio Jovicich ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽  
Lance S. Osborne ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Total Damage ◽  
Damage Symptoms ◽  
Predator Release

Pepper seedlings can be infested with broad mites prior to transplanting. Transplanted seedlings may not present visible mite damage symptoms and few microscopic mites will be undetected by growers. A rapid increase of the mite population can subsequently result in yield losses in greenhouse-grown crops. Control of broad mites based on biological (N. californicus) and conventional (sulfur) methods were evaluated after infested transplants were introduced into a production greenhouse. Seedlings were artificially infested with two broad mites, 3 days before they were transplanted in mid-September in a passively ventilated greenhouse in Florida. Plants had either two predatory mites released once [4 days after transplanting (DAT)], or twice (4 and 22 DAT), or were sprayed with sulfur (four weekly applications starting 13 DAT when first damage symptoms were noticed). Damage on plants was assessed by an injury scale transformed into percentage values, with 100% being total damage on untreated infested plants. Broad mites were absent in all plants 38 DAT but the damage caused to the plants at this time was negatively correlated (r= –0.95) with marketable yield at 90 DAT. Plants produced no marketable yield where broad mites were not controlled. One or two releases of predators led to respective damages of 56% and 45%, and fruit yields of 2.0 and 3.0 kg·m-2. Plants sprayed with sulfur had a damage of 7% after reaching a maximum of 74% at 18 DAT; however, yields were 4.3 kg·m-2, which was similar to the yield obtained in the uninfested control treatment (4.6 kg·m-2). Releases of predators prior to transplanting and/or higher predator release densities may be needed under similar conditions and will be evaluated in a subsequent experiment.

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