Life History and Habits of a Midge, Phytophaga thujae Hedlin (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Western Red Cedar Cones

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 950-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Hedlin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Western Red Cedar

AbstractThe midge, Phytophaga thujae Hedlin, is a common pest in cones of western red cedar, Thuja plicata Donn. In some years nearly 100% of cones in localities on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, are infested.Adults emerge in March and April to oviposit on young cones. Eggs hatch during April and May. Larvae feed on seeds and scales, and in late summer spin cocoons in the cones, in which to overwinter. Prepupal and pupal development occur during winter.Mortality factors include parasites and competition. Species of Torymus and Tetrastichus parasitize larvae of the midge. In years of severe infestation, competition in early stages can cause considerable mortality.A portion of the population may remain in diapause in the larval stage each year.

Attraction of male Mayetiola thujae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) to the sex-pheromone blend of (2S,12S)-, (2S,13S)-, and (2S,14S)-diacetoxyheptadecane is reduced in the presence of the SR- or RR-stereoisomers

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-689
Author(s):  
Regine Gries ◽  
Robb G. Bennett ◽  
Grigori Khaskin ◽  
Gerhard Gries
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Synthetic Pheromone ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Sex Pheromone Blend ◽  
Pheromone Blend

AbstractIn a field trapping experiment in an abandoned seed orchard of western red-cedar, Thuja plicata Donn × D. Don, in British Columbia, we show that attraction of male red-cedar cone midges, Mayetiola thujae (Hedlin), to the pheromone blend (2S,12S)-, (2S,13S)-, and (2S,14S)-diacetoxyheptadecane is reduced in the presence of a blend of all other stereoisomers, or of the three SR- or RR-stereoisomers. The three RS-stereoisomers, in contrast, had no significant effect. Thus, synthetic pheromone for monitoring M. thujae populations must not contain the SR- or RR-stereoisomers of 2,12-, 2,13-, and 2,14-diacetoxyheptadecane. This result will allow development of a less expensive design for synthesizing the pheromone.

INVESTIGATIONS OF DECAY IN WESTERN RED CEDAR IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1946 ◽  
Vol 24c (5) ◽  
pp. 158-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Buckland
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
Butt Rot ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Western Red Cedar

Investigations of decay in Thuja plicata D. Don. in British Columbia have shown that the major heart-rotting fungi of living western red cedar on the Coast, in decreasing order of importance, are Poria asiatica (Pilát) Overh. (brown cubical pocket and butt rot), Poria albipellucida Baxter (white ring rot), Fomes Pini (Thore) Lloyd (white pitted trunk rot), Merulius sp. (brown crumbly butt rot), and Poria subacida (Peck) Sacc. (spongy white rot). In the Interior of the Province they are Poria asiatica, P. Weirii Murr. (yellow ring rot), Fomes Pini, Polyporus balsameus Peck (brown cubical butt rot), Merulius sp., and Poria subacida. Other fungi attacking the heartwood of living trees less extensively are Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke., F. nigrolimitatus (Romell) Egel., F. pinicola (Sw.) Cke., Armillaria mellea (Fr.) Quél., Omphalia campanella (Fr.) Quél., Polyporus Schweinitzii Fr., and Coniophora cerebella Pers.On the areas investigated, loss through decay in stands 50 to 450 years of age never exceeded growth increment. It was indicated that decay in younger stands was of importance. Loss through decay and incidence of infection was appreciably higher in the Interior than on the Coast. No reliable external indications of decay in the standing tree were found.Deterioration in felled trees was caused by Poria Weirii, P. albipellucida, P. subacida, Armillaria mellea, Omphalia campanella, Fomes annosus, F. nigrolimitatus, and F. pinicola. Polyporus cuneatus (Murr.) Overh., and Hymenochaete tabacina (Sow.) Lév. were the major decay organisms of cedar sapwood and slash. Polyporus abietinus (Dicks.) Fr., P. versicolor (L.) Fr., P. semipileatus Peck, P. hirsutus (Wulf.) Fr., and Poria isabellina (Fr.) Overh. were restricted in distribution or of irregular occurrence.To assist in the identification of cultures all the major heart-rotting organisms were grown on tannic and gallic acid media. Seventy-seven species of Basidiomycetes were collected on living and dead Thuja plicata in British Columbia from 1943 to 1945.

STUDIES IN THE LIFE HISTORY OF TRACHYKELE BLONDELI MARSEUL

1932 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 189-191
Author(s):  
Geo. R. Hopping
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cheese Cloth

In connection with studies on the biology of T. blondeli, condnctec in the years 1926 to 1930 inclusive, at Pender Harbour, British Columbia, red cedar trees were inclosed in cheese-cloth cages with a view to determining the duration of the larval stage. The cages were constructed prior to April 30, 1926, and the emergence of bettles from the trees was recorded.

A New Approach in Measuring Rainfall Interception by Urban Trees in Coastal British Columbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeganeh Asadian ◽  
Markus Weiler
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Interception Loss

Abstract Interception loss plays an important role in controlling the water balance of a watershed, especially where urban development has taken place. The aim of this study was to illustrate the importance of urban trees as a form of ‘green infrastructure’ where they reduce stormwater runoff and rainwater intensity. In addition, trees cause a delay in precipitation reaching the ground. Interception loss was studied in the North Shore of British Columbia. We applied a unique methodology for measuring throughfall under six different urban trees using a system of long polyvinyl chloride pipes hung beneath the canopy capturing the throughfall and draining it to a rain gauge attached to a data logger. Different tree species (Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii] and western red cedar [Thuja plicata]) in variable landscape sites (streets, parks, and natural forested areas) and elevations were selected to ensure that the system adequately captured the throughfall variability. Interception and throughfall were monitored over a one year cycle for which the results of seven discrete storm events for coniferous trees from the District of North Vancouver during 2007 to 2008 are presented. Cumulative gross precipitation for seven selected events was 377 mm. Average canopy interception during these events for Douglas-fir and western red cedar were 49.1 and 60.9%, where it corresponded to average net loss of 20.4 and 32.3 mm, respectively. The interception loss varied depending on canopy structure, climatic conditions, and rainfall characteristics.

STUDIES IN THE LIFE HISTORY OF TRACHYCHELE BLONDELI MARS. (COLEOPTERA)

1927 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Geo. R. Hopping
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life History ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Seasonal History

In connection with the investigative work on Trachychele damage to western red cedar, it became expedient to make a study of the life history of the species, Trachychele blondeli Mars., which has become very troublesome to pole operators on the Coast of British Columbia. Accordingly a study of the life history was started by the writer in 1925. In the fall of that year and during the spring and summer of 1926, the seasonal history was studied and observations were made on emergence, egg laying, and breeding habits. The exact length of time spent in the larval state is still uncertain.

Mass and nutrient content of woody debris and forest floor in western red cedar and western hemlock forests on northern Vancouver Island

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney J. Keenan ◽  
Cindy E. Prescott ◽  
J.P. Hamish Kimmins
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Western Red Cedar

Biomass and C, N, P, and K contents of woody debris and the forest floor were surveyed in adjacent stands of old-growth western red cedar (Thujaplicata Donn)–western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) (CH type), and 85-year-old, windstorm-derived, second-growth western hemlock–amabilis fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) (HA type) at three sites on northern Vancouver Island. Carbon concentrations were relatively constant across all detrital categories (mean = 556.8 mg/g); concentrations of N and P generally increased, and K generally decreased, with increasing degree of decomposition. The mean mass of woody debris was 363 Mg/ha in the CH and 226 Mg/ha in the HA type. The mean forest floor mass was 280 Mg/ha in the CH and 211 Mg/ha in the HA stands. Approximately 60% of the forest floor mass in each forest type was decaying wood. Dead woody material above and within the forest floor represented a significant store of biomass and nutrients in both forest types, containing 82% of the aboveground detrital biomass, 51–59% of the N, and 58–61% of the detrital P. Forest floors in the CH and HA types contained similar total quantities of N, suggesting that the lower N availability in CH forests is not caused by greater immobilization in detritus. The large accumulation of forest floor and woody debris in this region is attributed to slow decomposition in the cool, wet climate, high rates of detrital input following windstorms, and the large size and decay resistance of western red cedar boles.

Characterization of the complete plastome of western red cedar, Thuja plicata (Cupressaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
Kole F. Adelalu ◽  
Xiao-Jian Qu ◽  
Yan-Xia Sun ◽  
Tao Deng ◽  
Hang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Western Red Cedar

THE BEHAVIOUR OF FIVE WOOD SPECIES IN COMPRESSION

IAWA Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Ellis ◽  
Paul Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Western Red Cedar

Five wood species, Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia Benth.), Balau (Shorea spp.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), Western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), and Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) were loaded in compression longitudinally, radially and tangentially. The wood cubes were conditioned to one of four moisture contents prior to loading. Small cubes were loaded until no void space remained after which samples were released and soaked in water. Stress /strain curves were recorded over the whole range of strain and cube thicknesses were recorded at the end of the compression, after release from the testing apparatus, and after soaking in water. Denser woods resulted in a greater Young’s modulus, higher levels of stress and shorter time to densification than did less dense woods. Higher initial moisture contents apparently increased the plasticity of the wood leading to a lower Young’s modulus and lower levels of stress during compression, greater springback after release of stress and greater recovery after swelling in water. Differences observed in the radial and tangential behaviours were believed to be due to the supporting action of the rays when the wood was compressed in the radial direction in balau and trembling aspen and to the relative difference between the lower density earlywood and higher density latewood regions in ash, Douglas-fir and western red cedar.

Selfing and correlated paternity in relation to pollen management in western red cedar seed orchards

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
Kermit Ritland ◽  
Allyson Miscampbell ◽  
Annette Van Niejenhuis ◽  
Patti Brown ◽  
John Russell
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

We used microsatellite genetic markers to evaluate the mating system of western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) under various seed orchard pollen management schemes. We primarily examined whether supplemental mass pollination (SMP) can reduce the observed selfing rates. Pollen blowing and “hooding” were also examined in smaller tests. Only SMP was consistently effective in reducing the selfing rate, from 30% to 20%. The correlation of paternity was quite high (60%–90%) in two of three orchards, and in these two orchards the application of SMP reduced this correlation by about 10% as well. The correlation of paternity is the fraction of full-sibling vs. half-sibling progeny, and unbiased estimates can be obtained with few loci, even single loci, in contrast to other types of paternity analysis. We also find the microsatellite amplicon sizes should be pooled into “bins” of 2–4 nucleotides, owing to unintended errors of assay; otherwise the estimates are biased. This new feature of mating system estimation was incorporated into the computer program MLTR.

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