Life History of Choristoneura lambertiana subretiniana Obraztsov (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Attacking Lodgepole Pine

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 684-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Stark ◽  
J. H. Borden
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
First Instar ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe life history of a tortricid cone moth Choristoneura lambertiana subretiniana Obraztsov in California is described. The larvae feed primarily on staminatc flowers and cones of lodgepole pine although some needle- and tip-mining occurs. The only other recorded host is ponderosa pine.Eggs are deposited in late July to early August; first-instar larvae migrate from the needles to protected locations on the branches and spin hibernacula. The larvae overwinter predominantly as second-instar larvae in the hibernaculum. They emerge from the hibernacula in April, and mature in four to six weeks. There are six larval instars. The pupal period lasts approximately two weeks; adult emergence begins in mid-July and extends through the end of August.

The life history of Caurinus dectes Russell, with a description of the immature stages (Mecoptera: Boreidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren K. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Antennal Segment ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Egg Diapause ◽  
First Instar ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thoracic Legs

AbstractThe egg, larva, and pupa of Caurinus dectes are described and illustrated. Eggs are ellipsoidal, coated with black cement, and are attached to bryophytes. The larva is orthosomatic, with much-reduced thoracic legs, and further differs from other larval Boreidae in: amphipneustic spiracles, number of stemmata (7), placoid sensilla present in membrane of first antennal segment, and egg burster on frons in first instar. Three larval instars are recognized from analysis of head measurements and partial rearing. Larvae feed in stemmines or galleries in leafy liverworts (Jungermanniales). Pupation occurs in a silk-lined cell or cocoon, otherwise unknown in the Mecoptera; the pupa is exarate, with decticous mandibles. The seasonal occurrence of egg eclosion (February-March), pupation (July-August), and principal adult activity (October-April) is typical for the Boreidae, but only C. dectes is univoltine in this family. Successive annual generations appear to overlap through extended egg diapause and adult perenniation.

LIFE HISTORY AND BIOLOGY OF EINFELDIA SYNCHRONA (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1597-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. V. Danks
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Bottom Fauna ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
First Instar

AbstractEinfeldia synchrona Oliver is univoltine in a small, shallow, highly eutrophic pond near Ottawa (45°N.). Adult emergence is synchronized with slight protandry in May, and from this small pond exceeded 145,000 individuals in 1970. Emergence is inhibited experimentally at short photoperiods. More than one egg mass is produced, during a period of several days following emergence. First instar larvae, which lack ventral tubules, are at first pelagic but build cases before moulting. The remaining three larval instars possess 1 pair of ventral tubules. Larvae show a preference for central areas of the pond over 40 cm deep, and show some mobility in response to seasonal depth changes. There are arrests in the development of larvae both in winter and during summer, with cessation of feeding, penetration into the mud, and construction in winter of special sealed cocoons. Marked year to year differences in the stage reached by winter, and in the larval population level, were detected. Many of these biological features are probably widespread in Chironomini and hence of some importance in the interpretation of studies of the bottom fauna.

BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF CHORISTONEURA LAMBERTIANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ON LODGEPOLE PINE IN SOUTHEASTERN IDAHO AND WESTERN MONTANA

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1201-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sugar Pine ◽  
Insect Oviposition

AbstractThe sugar pine tortrix heavily defoliated the current season’s needles on lodgepole pine during 1965–66 in southeastern Idaho, and during 1967–68 in western Montana. A brief description of the life stages, damage, and observations on the life history and habits are presented. Choristoneura lambertiana (Busck) is a univoltine insect; oviposition and eclosion occur in late July and early August; first instar larvae spin hibernacula and overwinter in bark cracks, under bark scales, and in other protected locations on the tree and emerge in late May and June. Larvae complete development in approximately 6 weeks, and pupate in July. Adults emerge from about mid-July through early August. Mating and oviposition occur within a few days after adult emergence. Five larval stadia are proposed. Sixteen species of parasites were reared from eggs, larvae, and pupae. One predator was observed feeding on larvae in the field.

BIOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORY OF EPURAEA OBLIQUUS HATCH (COLEOPTERA: NITIDULIDAE) ON WESTERN GALL RUST

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron R. Currie ◽  
John R. Spence ◽  
W. Jan A. Volney
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe life cycle, phenology, and abundance of Epuraea obliquus Hatch was studied near Hinton, Alberta. Most of the life cycle occurs on galls of Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka (western gall rust) infecting lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var latifolia Engelm.). Both adults and larvae feed on the spores of the fungus. Individuals of this beetle were found on most galls sampled. Adults overwinter in the soil. They emerge in the spring to seek out and colonize galls. Eggs are laid on the surface of galls, mainly under the periderm, and larvae feed on the fungus, developing through three larval instars. Larvae in the last instar drop from galls to pupate in the soil. Adults leave the soil in late summer and return to feed on inactive galls before overwintering in the soil. The phenology of E. obliquus is closely synchronized with the timing of rust sporulation and the impact of beetle feeding may be an important natural control of western gall rust.

BIOLOGY OF TACHINAEPHAGUS ZEALANDICUS (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE), PARASITOID OF SYNANTHROPIC DIPTERA

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Olton ◽  
E. F. Legner
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parasitoid Development

AbstractThe synonymy, distribution, host range, and life history of the gregarious larval–pupal parasitoid Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead, is discussed. Laboratory studies of its biology were conducted at 25° ± 2 °C using Musca domestica L. as host. Its developmental stages are described. Under laboratory conditions its life cycle lasted 23–27 days. Parasitoid development accelerated with higher average densities per host. Single standardized hosts produced 3–18 adult parasitoids. Mated females provided with hosts lived 50.4–67.2 h. The average length of the reproductive period and number of hosts parasitized were independent of host density; however, the average number of eggs deposited per host increased at lower host densities. Adult emergence displayed circadian rhythmicity independent of photoperiod over 3+ days.

Influence of a reservoir with surface release on the life history of the mayfly Heterocloeon curiosum (McDunnough) (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris C. Kondratieff ◽  
J. Reese Voshell Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lake Anna

The life history of Heterocloeon curiosum was compared in the impounded North Anna River (NAR) and the free-flowing South Anna River (SAR) in Virginia, U.S.A. The study site on the NAR was 32 km below Lake Anna, a surface-release reservoir. Heterocloeon curiosum was bivoltine in both rivers with two summer generations and probable overwintering in the egg stage. It passed through 10 larval instars (range 9–12) in both rivers. The density of larvae was twice as great in the SAR as the NAR. Factors which may have contributed to the lesser success of H. curiosum in the NAR included bottom scouring produced by sudden increases in discharge, absence of the macrophyte Podostemum, quality of available food, and alterations of the temperature regime. Of these four factors, temperature probably had the most significant effect. The emergence of the second generation was 1 month later in the NAR because the reservoir delayed the normal seasonal cooling of the river. The nonoptimal temperature regime appeared to significantly reduce the fecundity of H. curiosum in the NAR. Our data indicate that surface-release reservoirs may have subtle but significant effects on the life histories of benthic macroinvertebrates.

Nesting biology and life history of the dung beetle Onthophagus lecontei (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Arellano ◽  
C. Castillo-Guevara ◽  
C. Huerta ◽  
A. Germán-García ◽  
C. Lara
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Nesting Behavior ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Preimaginal Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Capra Aegagrus

Obtaining knowledge about a species’ life history and reproductive behaviour is fundamental for understanding its biology, ecology, and potential role in ecosystem services. Here, we focused on the dung beetle species Onthophagus lecontei. Adults were collected in the field and then confined to terrariums, where they were supplied with semi-fresh domestic goat dung (Capra aegagrus Erxleben, 1777). After being paired (26 pairs), the nesting behavior of beetles was observed under laboratory conditions and the preimaginal development of individuals obtained from mating (from the deposition of the egg until the emergence of the adult) was described. Their nesting behavior was found to be characteristic of what is known as pattern I, which comprises building of brood masses, oviposition of a single egg in each brood mass, development of three larval instars, construction of a pupation chamber, pupal stage and adult emergence. Both sexes were involved in the handling of dung, tunnel construction, and mass nest elaboration. Pairs built from one to seven brood masses. The pre-nesting period (feeding) lasted 16 days; the egg stage two days, the larval period 22 days; the pupal period 11 days and the imagoes four days, after which the adults emerged. Our results are discussed and compared with other species in the genus. However, our knowledge of this dung beetle is still limited, and further studies are required in all areas of its biology.

LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF THE WILLOW BEAKED GALL MIDGE, MAYETIOLA RIGIDAE (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE), IN MICHIGAN

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Salix Discolor

AbstractThe willow beaked gall midge, Mayetiola rigidae (Osten Sacken), is univoltine in Michigan. Adults emerge from bud galls on Salix discolor Mühl. and other willows on mornings of warm days in early April. Eggs are laid singly on or near the buds of the host. Head capsule measurements indicate three larval instars. The last two instars each possess a spatula. The first-instar larva emerges in late April and penetrates the soft bud tissues. The gall begins to develop at the beginning of the second instar in mid-May. The third instar appears in early July and continues to enlarge the gall until fall. Prior to overwintering, the larva lines the inner chamber of the gall with silk and constructs one to seven silken septa across the passageway. Pupation occurs in mid-March. The gall deforms the stem and occasionally a galled branch dies or breaks off.

LIFE HISTORY STUDIES OF THE TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE, EPITRIX HIRTIPENNIS (MELSHEIMER) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Davis Martin ◽  
G. A. Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

The life history of the tobacco flea beetle, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) (= Epitrix parvula Fab.) was studied under the controlled conditions of 27 ± 2.8°C, 80 ± 6% and a 14L:10D photophase. Eggs matured in ca. 4 days, the larval stage, including 3 instars, developed in 13 days, prepupal development took 3 days and the pupal stage lasted approximately 5 days. There was a 24 day interval between oviposition and adult emergence. Females laid 3.1 eggs/day with a 13 day period between adult emergence and first oviposition. The mean number of total eggs/female was 138.6 ± 14.7. Female oviposition continued until a few days before death and adult longevity was approximately 70 days. A visual means of distinguishing between male and female beetles was also developed.

LIFE CYCLE AND MORTALITY OF PISSODES TERMINALIS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN LODGEPOLE PINE

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Langor ◽  
Daryl J.M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
New Generation

AbstractThe seasonal life history and mortality of the lodgepole terminal weevil, Pissodes terminalis Hopping (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), were investigated in young lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann (Pinaceae), at three sites in west-central Alberta. Flight was monitored with traps. Development and mortality of all stages were investigated by dissecting infested leaders biweekly from late spring to early fall. Two years were required for P. terminalis to complete its life cycle, and generations overlapped. Overwintered adults emerged from the duff and commenced flight in late May, with a peak in mid-June. Eggs were present from mid-June to late July. There were four larval instars. The first two instars fed only in the phloem. Third and fourth larval instars eventually entered the pith to continue feeding, overwinter, and complete development the following spring. The new generation of adults emerged between mid-July and early August, fed on new shoots for several weeks, and overwintered in the duff. Adults have an obligatory diapause and did not reproduce until after winter. Fourth larval instars suffered the highest mortality. The major attributable cause of mortality was resinosis among eggs and young larvae and cold temperatures during the winter among mature larvae. Pathogens caused little mortality. Six species of parasitoids were collected.

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