Survival and Reproduction of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) at Different Host Population Densities

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Survival And Reproduction

AbstractFemales of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) lived longer, found more hosts, and produced more progeny at high host (housefly, Musca domestica L.) population densities than at lower ones. Because they feed on the fly pupae that they parasitize, the female parasites were able to obtain more food at high host population densities. Starved and unstarved females produced progeny with similar sex ratios. By feeding on parasitized fly pupae when unparasitized ones are scarce, females of N. vitripennis increase their longevity and their ability to oviposit if they subsequently find unparasitized hosts. Females that have fed partly or entirely on parasitized pupae subsequently produce relatively more diapause progeny.

Some Factors that Reduce the Reproductive Rate of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) at High Adult Population Densities

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 970-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis

AbstractReproductive rate of the parasite Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) on pupae of the housefly, Musca domestica L., measured by the number of mature progeny produced per female in 18 hours, decreased with increasing parasite:host ratios. This decrease resulted partly because each female laid fewer eggs, and partly because of increased larval mortality caused by superparasitism. The average number of eggs laid per female was reduced because the parasites wasted relatively more time drilling into unsuitable (i.e. parasitized and previously drilled) hosts on which they subsequently laid few or no eggs; and because the females interfered more with each other while ovipositing. Incidence of superparasitism was greater at higher parasite:host ratios because, in spite of increased interference among the females, there were more simultaneous attacks by two or more females on each fly pupa.

Effects of Superparasitism on Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Food Shortage ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Rate Of Development

AbstractSuperparasitism created a food shortage and thereby reduced survival and size of adult Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) reared on pupae of the house fly, Musca domestica L. Superparasitism also reduced the percentage of females in the adult progeny but had no effect on rate of development, ability to emerge, or incidence of diapause in N. vitripennis.

OVIPOSITION RESTRAINT OF SPALANGIA CAMERONI (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) ON PARASITIZED HOUSEFLY PUPAE

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis

AbstractFemales of Spalangia cameroni Perk, use the ovipositor to differentiate between unparasitized and parasitized housefly (Musca domestica L.) pupae; and prefer to lay on unparasitized hosts instead of those attacked by S. cameroni, Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.), or Muscidifurax zaraptor K. & L. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). The intensities of oviposition restraint on the three kinds of attacked hosts are similar. Changes in parasitized pupae to which the female parasites react probably involve "venoms" injected by each species during oviposition.

CONTROL OF EGG FERTILIZATION BY NASONIA VITRIPENNIS (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) WHEN LAYING ON PARASITIZED HOUSE FLY PUPAE

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
House Flies

AbstractFemales of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) lay a smaller percentage of fertilized (i.e. female) eggs on house fly, Musca domestica L., pupae previously parasitized by their own species, by Muscidifurax zaraptor K. & L., or by Spalangia cameroni Perk. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) than on unparasitized hosts. They respond to changes in the fly pupae associated with death, and in the case of house flies attacked by N. vitripennis, to "venoms" injected at that time or to changes unrelated to death. By not fertilizing eggs that they lay on attacked hosts, the females also conserve sperm, for immature N. vitripennis on previously-attacked fly pupae are usually killed by parasite larvae already present.

Effect of Host (Musca domestica Linnaeus) Age on the Pteromalid Parasite Nasonia vitripennis (Walker)

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1226-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Chabora ◽  
David Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis

AbstractAn investigation was made of the influence of age of the host (Musca domestica Linn.) in the pupal stage on the oviposition behavior and development of the pteromalid parasite Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.). Five age groups of hosts were employed in 10 pair combinations with an excess of hosts available for selection. Except for the 1-day-old hosts, more of the younger hosts of the combinations produced parasite progeny while the older hosts had a high percentage yielding neither fly nor parasite. Parasite production per pupa was 6.25 on the youngest hosts, with the number decreasing to 4.85 per host at 5 days. Hosts 2, 3, and 4 days old combined with 1-day-old hosts had higher rates of parasitism than when combined with hosts of other ages. The ranking for successful parasitization of hosts, by age of pupae, was 2, 3, 1, 4, and 5 days old.

scholarly journals Repellent Effects of Andiroba and Copaiba Oils against Musca domestica (Common House Fly) and Ecotoxicological Effects on the Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Talyta Zortéa ◽  
Dilmar Baretta ◽  
Andréia Volpato ◽  
William Raphael Lorenzetti ◽  
Julia Corá Segat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Folsomia Candida ◽  
Repellent Effect ◽  
Survival And Reproduction

Background: The main challenge in raising cattle in Brazil is related to ectoparasites, that cause negative effects on milk and meat production, and in severe cases, animal death. Sheds known as crèches attracts large number insects mainly due to milk residues in the environment. The housefly is a major problem due to act as vectors of many other diseases, and so there is the possibility of control of infestations with natural products. Andiroba and copaiba oils may act as natural biocides, there are only a few studies on their effect on biological soil parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the repellent effect of andiroba and copaiba oils against flies and on biological soil parameters.Materials, Methods & Results: The repellency effect of oils of andiroba and copaiba was tested at a concentration of 5% in lambs shed maternity, containing 64 bays (1.8 m2). It was sprayed 30 mL per pen, where they were housed five lambs each. Pre-treatment counts were taken before the treatment (mean 46 per pen after Musca domestica), and post-treatment count was made on 2, 24 and 48 h. The data collected at 2 and 24 h was evaluated and the number of flies was reduced significantly (P < 0.001) in the pens treated with oil of copaiba and andiroba compared to control (untreated) pen. After 48 h, no difference was observed between treatments in relation to fly numbers (P > 0.05). Ecotoxicological test using increasing concentrations in the soil (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) regarding changes in basal respiration (C-CO2), and survival and reproduction of springtails (Folsomia candida). It was observed an increased amount of mineralized C-CO2 until the day 10 of incubation for both oils without inhibition of the microbial respiratory process in any dose. The copaiba oil showed higher amounts of accumulated C-CO2 compared to andiroba oil in all studied concentrations (P < 0.05). In tests with mesofauna organisms, none of the evaluated concentrations of the two oils showed no negative effect on the survival of springtails (P > 0.05), the same was observed for the reproduction results, where there was no reduction in the number of juveniles (P > 0.05).Discussion: According literature, andiroba and copaiba oils have repellent effect against domestic fly when sprayed onto infected cow’s horn fly, similar results also were reported in vitro tests against M. domestica larvae using andiroba oil and noted 80% larval mortality. The use of natural products in disease control is growing, but its impacts on the environment are not known, so in addition to suggesting therapies it is important to be concerned with ecotoxicological tests. Researchers showed an effect of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil on F. candida and reported 76% reduction in its survival rate at concentration of 60 mg/kg soil.  Basal soil respiration is a sensitive indicator that quickly reveals changes in the environmental conditions that affect microbial activity, and the data presented herein reveal an increase in the respiration of microorganisms depending on the amount of oil added to the soil.  The essential oils of copaiba and andiroba have repellent effect against Musca domestica, and did not show any toxicity to inhibit microbial activity in the soil. In addition, the presence of the oils in the soil did not affect the survival and reproduction of springtails Folsomia candida.

scholarly journals Parasitóides de dípteros muscóides coletados no matadouro Alvorada em Itumbiara, sul de Goiás, Brasil

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos H. Marchiori ◽  
Alexandre S Leles ◽  
Selma A. De Carvalho ◽  
Renata F. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Chrysomya Albiceps

Espécies de parasitóides associados com moscas sinantrópicas foram coletadas com auxílio de iscas de fígado bovino no matadouro Alvorada em Itumbiara, Estado de Goiás, de março a dezembro de 2005. As pupas foram removidas da areia, após usar iscas de fígado como substrato para atrair as moscas. Elas foram individualizadas em cápsulas de gelatina até a emergência dos adultos de moscas ou de seus parasitóides. A prevalência total de parasitismo foi 15,3%. A freqüência absoluta, porcentagem e espécies de parasitóides coletados foram: 205 exemplares (2,3%) de Aphaereta sp., 173 (80,0%) de Brachymeria podagrica, 578 (15,7%) Nasonia vitripennis, um (0,5%) de Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae, dois (0,9%) de Spalangia sp. e um (0,5%) de Trybliographa sp. A porcentagem de parasitismo apresentada pelos parasitóides de Aphaereta sp., B. podagrica, N. vitripennis, P. vindemmiae, Spalangia sp., e Trybliographa sp. foi de 0,4%, 12,3%, 2,4%, 0,1%, 0,1% e 0,1%, respectivamente. As espécies de dípteros parasitados foram: Chrysomya albiceps, C. megacephala, Musca domestica, Oxysarcodexia thornax, Peckia chrysostoma e Sarcodexia lambens.

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