CONTROL OF EGG FERTILIZATION BY NASONIA VITRIPENNIS (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) WHEN LAYING ON PARASITIZED HOUSE FLY PUPAE

1973 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
House Flies

AbstractFemales of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) lay a smaller percentage of fertilized (i.e. female) eggs on house fly, Musca domestica L., pupae previously parasitized by their own species, by Muscidifurax zaraptor K. & L., or by Spalangia cameroni Perk. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) than on unparasitized hosts. They respond to changes in the fly pupae associated with death, and in the case of house flies attacked by N. vitripennis, to "venoms" injected at that time or to changes unrelated to death. By not fertilizing eggs that they lay on attacked hosts, the females also conserve sperm, for immature N. vitripennis on previously-attacked fly pupae are usually killed by parasite larvae already present.

Effects of Superparasitism on Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Food Shortage ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Rate Of Development

AbstractSuperparasitism created a food shortage and thereby reduced survival and size of adult Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) reared on pupae of the house fly, Musca domestica L. Superparasitism also reduced the percentage of females in the adult progeny but had no effect on rate of development, ability to emerge, or incidence of diapause in N. vitripennis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of triflumuron and pyriproxyfen as alternative candidates to control house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249496
Author(s):  
Saad M. Alzahrani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
House Fly ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Riyadh City ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

This study was conducted to determine the susceptibility and resistance of some house fly strains of Musca domestica L. to the insect growth regulator insecticides triflumuron and pyriproxyfen in some locations in Riyadh city. Field-collected strains of M. domestica L. from five sites in Riyadh city that represented five slaughterhouse sites where flies spread significantly were tested against triflumuron and pyriproxyfen. Triflumuron LC50 values for the five collected strains ranged from 2.6 to 5.5 ppm, and the resistance factors (RFs) ranged from 13-fold to 27-fold that of the susceptible laboratory strain. Pyriproxyfen LC50 values for the field strains ranged from 0.9 to 1.8 ppm with RFs of 3-fold to 5-fold. These results indicate that pyriproxyfen is an effective insecticide to control house flies and should be used in rotation with other insecticides in the control programs applied by Riyadh municipality.

scholarly journals PERANAN Musca domestica SEBAGAI VEKTOR MEKANIK TELUR INFEKTIF Ascaris lumbricoides

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Suriyani Tan ◽  
Machrumnizar Machrumnizar
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Fish Meat

Muscadomestica (house fly) is an insect that is considered useless by humans although they lived very close to humans. Breeding site of flies in human or animal waste, the rubbish, or unorganic objects that have decayed greatly support their role as mechanical vectors. More than 20 species of flies have been reported as an agent of gastrointestinal diseases. The purpose of this study is to examnine the role of houseflies as mechanical vectors Ascarislumbricoides’seggs.The research sample was 500 house flies (Muscadomestica) captured in the Legok area. Houseflies were trapped by fly trap containing rotten fish meat and then stored at a temperature of 4 degree celcius. The samples were divided into six groups according to the sampling areas, crushed and checked directly by using a light microscope. Ascarislumbricoides eggs are not found in all groups of samples. The study concluded that Muscadomestica is not a mechanical vector of infective eggs of Ascarislumbricoides in Tangerang City, Banten Province.

Factors affecting resistance to insecticides in house-flies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). IV. The population biology of flies on animal farms in south-eastern England and its implications for the management of resistance

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Denholm ◽  
R. M. Sawicki ◽  
A. W. Farnham
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Resistance Selection ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Brown Body

AbstractWays in which the bionomics and dynamics of populations of Musca domestica L. can influence the development of insecticide resistance, and how resistance genes spread within and between farms was investigated in a three-year study of the biology and movement of flies on 63 pig-rearing farms in south-eastern England. House-flies survived winter only on 12 ‘overwintering’ farms where they bred in heated pig-rearing houses (‘closed buildings’) throughout the year. In late spring they appeared out doors, and their descendents founded populations on neighbouring ‘summer’ farms where pigs breed only in unheated (‘open’) buildings. There, flies reached peak numbers in August–September and died out by mid-November. Gene flow within and between farms was studied indirectly by mark-release-recapture of colour-marked adults, and directly by monitoring the diffusion of the visible marker gene bwb (brown body) introduced into indigenous house-fly populations. Although movement between open buildings within a farm was unrestricted, dispersal between farms was limited, and gene flow between even adjacent closed buildings was indirect, and required more than one generation. Likewise, indirect and gradual gene flow during summer probably accounted for the similarity in type and frequency of other independent genetic markers of local overwintering populations. Thus closed buildings played a key role in house-fly ecology and population genetics. Unfortunately, control with persistent insecticides in these buildings ensures efficient resistance selection, ultimately resulting in its spread to all pig farms. Less selective control practices are needed at these sites.

scholarly journals Development of a Mycoinsecticide Bait Formulation for the Control of House Flies, Musca domestica L.

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton Baker ◽  
Steven Rice ◽  
Diana Leemon ◽  
Rosamond Godwin ◽  
Peter James
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Insecticide Spray

The control of house flies, Musca domestica (L.), currently relies on the use of chemical insecticide spray and bait formulations. Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium anisopliae, may provide an alternative to these products. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a mycoinsecticide bait formulation containing a virulent M. anisopliae isolate. Five M. anisopliae isolates were screened against M. domestica and isolate M16 was selected for bait development. Bait formulations containing a variety of additives, including (Z)-9-tricosene, were tested for their ability to increase fly visitation. A bait formulation containing M. anisopliae and skim milk powder was found to have the highest house fly visitation and was subsequently compared to a conventional chemical bait in an efficacy assay. The chemical bait (0.5% imidacloprid) caused faster mortality than the mycoinsecticide bait, however, similar levels of mortality were achieved by 4–5 days’ post exposure. These results suggest that M. anisopliae mycoinsecticide baits may offer an alternative to conventional chemical insecticides for the control of house flies in suitable areas.

The common House-fly,Musca domestica, L., and its Behaviour to Temperature and Humidity

1948 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonti Dakshinamurty
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
House Fly ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common House

The study of the common house-fly,Musca domestica, L., has not received the attention it merits by medical entomologists. Although the correlation betweenfly-borne diseasesandclimatic factorshas interested several workers, this correlation has not been satisfactorily explained. An investigation of the influence ofclimatic factorson house-flies was therefore undertaken.House-flies can be reared in the laboratory by a proper choice of the breeding medium and suitable technique. Manures, kitchen refuse and synthetic media may be used but the last mentioned is recommended for the production of a supply of standard insects.M. domesticachooses the lower humidity on each of the humidity gradients, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80 and 80–100 per cent., at a constant temperature of 25°C. The choice is significant for both sexes, and for dry and wet flies, except for dry flies at the range 60–80 per cent.The house-fly chooses 30°C. in temperature gradients of 20–30°C. and 30–40°C. at constant humidity, expressed either in the R.H. or the S.D. scale. It chooses 30°C. with dry air if possible, but with moist air if it must. In a gradient of 33–27°C. where dry air is associated with 33°C. in the S.D. scale in the one case, and 27°C. in the R.H. in the other, it chooses 33°C. or 27°C. according as it coincides with dry air. Dry air as represented by low R.H. or high S.D. did not make any difference to its choice, consequently it is not possible to decide whether house-flies choose by the R.H. scale or the S.D. scale. The activity ofM. domesticato different combinations of temperature and humidity shows maximum activity with high temperature and low humidity, minimum with high temperature and high humidity; while in the case of low temperature combinations with either high or low humidity, activity lies intermediate in degree. High and low temperatures and high and low humidity within themselves also show significant results by the χ2test.The experimental results are explained on physiological grounds and the results obtained in these experiments are compared with those of other workers on similar problems on a variety of insects.The general experience with regard to house-flies in the field is explained in the light of these laboratory findings.For a correct analysis of the behaviour of the house-fly in nature, biological stimuli such as feeding, breeding and resting habits must be considered quantitatively in relation to environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, rainfall and light. The present work forms part of such a study.

SURVEY AND RELEASE OF PARASITOIDS (HYMENOPTERA) ATTACKING HOUSE AND STABLE FLIES (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) IN DAIRY OPERATIONS

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja McKay ◽  
Terry D. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
House Fly ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Status ◽  
No Releases

AbstractIn 1995, Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a commercially available pupal parasitoid of the house fly, Musca domestica L., and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), was purchased to examine the status of wasps being sold to Manitoba producers. Percentage of pupae parasitized, numbers of parasitoids per pupa, total parasitoids, and parasitoid sex ratio were determined for each shipment of parasitoids received. To determine the extent to which these wasps could successfully parasitize house flies and stable flies, parasitoids were released weekly in four Manitoba dairy barns and levels of parasitism estimated. In 10 622 freeze-killed sentinel house fly pupae, 2.2% were parasitized throughout the season by N. vitripennis, and 5.8% were parasitized by eight other species of parasitoids. Of 11 897 naturally occurring house fly and stable fly pupae, 0.6% were parasitized by N. vitripennis, and 3.4% by eight other species of parasitoids. In four barns where there were no releases of N. vitripennis, 1.1% of 11 779 sentinel pupae were parasitized by four species of parasitoids and 3.8% of 8384 naturally occurring house fly and stable fly pupae were parasitized by nine species. The release of an estimated 3 648 093 N. vitripennis did not result in substantial parasitism in either sentinel pupae or naturally occurring pupae. In 1996, live sentinel house fly pupae (n = 50 842) and house fly and stable fly pupae occurring naturally (n = 4691) were collected in two of the nonrelease barns from the 1995 study to examine the activity of endemic parasitoids. Of the sentinel and naturally occurring pupae sampled, 4.0% and 9.4% were parasitized, respectively. Phygadeuon fumator Gravenhörst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was the most abundant parasitoid, accounting for 97.4% and 79.9% of parasitoids collected from sentinel pupae and naturally occurring pupae, respectively. Other parasitoids included Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead), Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan and Legner, Spalangia subpunctata Först, Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia nigra Latreille, and a species of Trichomalopsis Crawford (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).

scholarly journals Effect of Neem, Siam Weed and Vetiver Oils on Physiological Reactions and Fitness of House Fly, Musca domestica L

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-523
Author(s):  
O.J. Soyelu ◽  
B.A. Oluwamakinde ◽  
R.E. Okonji
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
House Flies

Insecticidal activities of hexane extracts of leaves and roots of siam weed and vetiver, and roots of neem were assessed against house fly, Musca domestica L. Mortality test was conducted using serial concentrations 20%, 10%, 5% and 2.5% of extracted oils while behavioural orientation of house fly to oil odour, antioviposition effect of oil toward the insects, biochemical reactions in treated flies and fitness of offspring were determined using 20% oil concentration. House fly mortality varied significantly with plant species and part of plant extracted (P < 0.001), concentration applied (P < 0.001) and time post-exposure (P < 0.001). All tested plant extracts showed potential as good control agents with average mortality ranging from 59-74%. However, significantly lower median lethal values (LC50 and LT50) separated vetiver as the most toxic plant against the insect pest. The plant oils repelled house flies (93-100%), reduced the number of larvae that hatched from laid eggs, lowered adult emergence and caused a significant reduction in size and weight of offspring. On the contrary, exposure to plant oils did not alter offspring sex ratio. In comparison to untreated house flies, plant oils induced biochemical stress in poisoned cohorts as evidenced in significant deviation of digestive enzyme (α- and β- amylases, lipase) activity and concentrations of detoxifying enzyme (glutathione-Stransferase), neurochemical enzyme (acetylcholinesterase) and energy metabolism biomolecules (total protein). Implications of obtained results for non-chemical control strategies are discussed.

Effect of Host Age on Rate of Development of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 1023-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Development Period

AbstractDevelopment time for the parasite Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) was shorter on young pupae (less than 48 hours old at 24.5 ± 0.5 °C) than on older pupae of the house fly, Musca domestica L. This was primarily because of intrinsic differences between young and old house-fly pupae as hosts. Though less important, two other conditions in young hosts favoured a shorter mean development period for N. vitripennis: first, the smaller proportion of very small parasites, which mature more slowly than the larger ones; and, second, the greater number of parasite larvae per host, which is associated with more rapid development in this species.

The Deposition of Airborne Droplets on dead House-flies (Musca domestica L.)

1959 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Jarman
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Cascade Impactor ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Collecting Efficiency ◽  
Filtering Effect

An experimental laboratory study of the deposition of droplets on dead house-flies (Musca domestica L.) was made, using a spinning-top sprayer to produce a spray of uniformly sized oil droplets and a cascade impactor to measure the concentration of the spray of droplets, which were dyed. The deposits obtained on a dead house-fly and a cascade-impactor slide when these were exposed in turn to a wind of 1 m. per sec. in a wind tunnel were compared colorimetrically, and determinations thus made of the collection efficiency of the flies, defined as the volume of liquid deposited on an object expressed as a percentage of the volume that would have passed through the same cross-section as the object had that not been there.The measured collecting efficiency of a fly varied from about 70 per cent. (droplet dia. 27μ) to about 200 per cent. (droplet dia. 75μ), and was approximately twice that of a sphere with a cross-sectional area twice the projected frontal area of the fly. From theoretical calculations of the filtering effect of different elements of the vegetation, it is concluded that the optimum droplet diameter for deposition on flies in woodland is 20–40μ.

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