Courtship sequence and evidence of volatile pheromones in Phasgonophora sulcata (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), a North American parasitoid of the invasive Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas E. Roscoe ◽  
D. Barry Lyons ◽  
Krista L. Ryall ◽  
Sandy M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Volatile Pheromones ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Management Context

AbstractPhasgonophora sulcata Westwood (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) is a North American parasitoid now using Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) as a novel host, and may prove useful in biocontrol. Unfortunately, information is lacking regarding mating and the presence of pheromones, which may be important when attempting to exploit this parasitoid within a management context. Herein we used olfactometer assays and behavioural observations to determine the courtship and mating sequences of P. sulcata. A significantly higher proportion of males oriented towards females over the control arm containing filtered air in an olfactometer regardless of the age classes of females or males examined. We also observed four pre-copulatory behaviours that were consistent in all mating pairs. Our results indicate that courtship may be mediated by male perception of female-produced pheromones. Understanding the courtship sequence may be useful in rearing laboratory populations, while the putative pheromones may be useful in detection and retention of P. sulcata populations.

scholarly journals Reproduction in North American elk Cervus elaphus: paternity of calves sired by males of mixed age classes

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Kie ◽  
Bruce K. Johnson ◽  
James H. Noyes ◽  
Christen L. Williams ◽  
Brian L. Dick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
North American ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
North American Elk ◽  
Mixed Age

Growth and Physiology Vary Little Among North American, an Asian, and a North American x Asian Hybrid Ash in a Common Garden in Ohio, U.S.A

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Haavik ◽  
Daniel Herms
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
North American ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
White Ash

The emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) invasion of North America has increased interest in ash (Fraxinus, Oleaceae) phylogeny, ecology, and physiology. In a common garden in central Ohio, we compared the performance of three North American ash cultivars that are highly susceptible to EAB (F. pennsylvanica ‘Patmore,’ F. americana ‘Autumn Purple,’ and F. nigra ‘Fall Gold’), one North American species that is less susceptible to EAB (F. quadrangulata), and two taxa that are resistant to EAB (F. mandshurica and F. mandshurica × F. nigra ‘Northern Treasure’). During the 2015 growing season, we measured diameter growth, foliar N concentration, specific leaf area, and on four dates (two with adequate and two with low precipitation) we measured CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), variable fluorescence (Fv’/Fm’: efficiency of energy harvested by open photosystem II reaction centers), and the fraction of photons absorbed by photosystem II that were used for photosynthesis (ɸPSII). F. pennsylvanica grew fastest and on most sampling dates was superior in physiological performance (A, gs, and ɸPSII). Generally, however, there was little interspecific variation in growth and physiology among the different ash taxa tested, as all performed well. This suggests that the EAB-resistant F. mandshurica and F. mandshurica × F. nigra hybrid, as well as the moderately resistant blue ash, are as physiologically well-suited to growing conditions in the Midwestern United States as green and white ash cultivars that had been widely planted prior to the EAB invasion.

Microsatellite population genetics of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire): comparisons between Asian and North American populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1537-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carson C. Keever ◽  
Christal Nieman ◽  
Larissa Ramsay ◽  
Carol E. Ritland ◽  
Leah S. Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
North American ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis

scholarly journals Nontarget Insects Caught on Emerald Ash Borer Purple Monitoring Traps in Western Pennsylvania

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Skvarla ◽  
Jeffrey D. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
Western Pennsylvania ◽  
Monitoring Traps ◽  
Invasive Beetle

Abstract Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an invasive beetle attacking North American ash trees (Fraxinus L. [Oleaceae]). Populations in infested areas are monitored with purple sticky traps. During summer 2008, we monitored nine pairs of purple traps and clear control traps to determine which other insect families are attracted to these traps and whether these traps might be used to monitor other pest insects. We argue that monitoring bycatch in these traps could greatly increase the potential of finding other invasive species.

Differential persistence of blue ash and white ash following emerald ash borer invasion

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1542-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara R. Tanis ◽  
Deborah G. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Differential Survival ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Blue Ash

Catastrophic mortality of North American ash ( Fraxinus spp.) caused by Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire has been attributed to the lack of coevolved resistance between native ash species and this Asian invader. Although A. planipennis host preference or tree resistance can vary, all North American ash species are presumably highly vulnerable to A. planipennis. We inventoried live and dead blue ash ( Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx.) and white ash ( Fraxinus americana L.) in two southeastern Michigan woodlots several years after the A. planipennis invasion to assess their survival. Agrilus planipennis populations in this area peaked in approximately 2005, and the region is now characterized by nearly complete ash mortality. At the Plymouth site, 71% of the original 380 blue ash were alive, whereas only 29 saplings of the original 187 white ash were alive. At the Superior Township site, 63% of the original 210 blue ash were living, whereas all 125 white ash were dead. More than 80% of the blue ash had evidence of previous A. planipennis colonization, but 87% appeared healthy in 2011. Tree diameter did not consistently affect survival, and live and dead trees of both species were distributed across sites, indicating that differential survival was not attributable to localized conditions.

Mallophagan vectors and the avian filarioids: new subspecies of Pelecitus fulicaeatrae (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in sympatric North American hosts, with development, epizootiology, and pathogenesis of the parasite in Fulica americana (Aves)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2821-2833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl M. Bartlett ◽  
R. C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
North American ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Fulica Americana ◽  
Fulica Atra ◽  
The Common ◽  
Podiceps Grisegena ◽  
First Time ◽  
Original Type

Subspecies of Pelecitus fulicaeatrae (Diesing, 1861) Lopez-Néyra, 1956 are proposed for the first time. The parasite in the original type host, i.e., the Common Coot (Fulica atra L.) in Great Britain, becomes the nominotypical subspecies, namely Pelecitus fulicaeatrae fulicaeatrae (Diesing, 1861) n.subsp.; it requires further taxonomic study. Subspecies in two sympatric North American hosts are described, and transmission by lice (Mallophaga: Amblycera) is suggested to have played a role in their evolution. Pelecitus fulicaeatrae americanae n.subsp. in the American Coot (Fulica americana Gmelin) has narrower lateral alae at midbody in the male, tighter helical twisting and more rotations in the body of the adult female, and a vulva that tends to be closer to the end of the oesophagus than that of Pelecitus fulicaeatrae grisegenae n.subsp. in the Red-necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert)). Development of P. f. americanae was followed in experimentally infected American Coots. At 20 days postinfection, worms had migrated to the definitive site in the ankles and developed to the adult stage; these worms were sexually immature and also differed in other morphologic ways from mature specimens. Worms at 210 and 265 d resembled those from wild-caught coots, and females contained microfilariae. Pelecitus f. americanae is reported for the first time in Wisconsin, North Dakota, and California and probably is widespread in coots in North America. Both nesting and wintering coots contained three age-classes of adult female worms (too young to produce microfilariae, producing microfilariae, senescent), suggesting that transmission is not restricted to any particular period during the year. In general, no evidence of infection was apparent upon external examination of intact wild-caught infected coots, whereas ankles of intact wild-caught infected grebes were frequently swollen. Upon internal examination of coots, a visible response to worms was also generally not observed. In a few coots, however, worms were within soft, thin-walled capsules and histologic examination revealed chronic proliferative tenosynovitis.

scholarly journals Emerald Ash Borer ( Agrilus planipennis) Density and Canopy Dieback in Three North American Ash Species

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 338-349
Author(s):  
Andrea Anulewicz ◽  
Deborah McCullough ◽  
David Cappaert
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
Blue Ash

Emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a phloem-feeding insect native to Asia, was identified in 2002 as the cause of widespread ash (Fraxinus) mortality in southeast Michigan, U.S. and Windsor, Ontario, Canada. Little information about A. planipennis is available from its native range and it was not known whether this invasive pest would exhibit a preference for a particular North American ash species. We monitored A. planipennis density and canopy condition on green ash (F. pennsylvanica) and white ash (F. americana) street trees in four neighborhoods and on white and blue ash (F. quadrangulata) trees in two woodlots in southeast Michigan. Green ash street trees had significantly more canopy dieback and higher A. planipennis densities than white ash trees growing in the same neighborhood. Density increased by two- to fourfold in both species over a 3-year period. Canopy dieback increased linearly from 2002 to 2005 as A. planipennis density increased (R 2= 0.70). In each of the woodlots, A. planipennis densities were significantly higher on white ash trees than blue ash trees. Woodpecker predation occurred in all sites and accounted for 35% of the A. planipennis that developed on trees we surveyed. Results indicate that surveys for A. planipennis detection in areas with multiple ash species should focus on the relatively preferred species.

scholarly journals The Fate of Ornamental White Fringetree Through the Invasion Wave of Emerald Ash Borer and Implications for Novel Host Use by This Beetle

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Ellison ◽  
D L Peterson ◽  
D Cipollini
Keyword(s):  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Tree Health ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Invasion Wave ◽  
Wood Boring ◽  
Infestation Status

Abstract Emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire [Coleoptera: Buprestidae]) is a wood boring beetle that is an invasive pest of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in North America. In 2014, it was reported that EAB had infested white fringetree (Chionanthus virginicus L. [Lamiales: Oleaceae]) in Ohio and was since found to have infested this species across its invasive range. In 2018, we reexamined 166 white fringetrees in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania that had been previously examined for EAB attack in 2015 to determine their fate. We assessed tree health and EAB infestation in each tree, assigned an infestation status of newly, continuously, not reinfested, or never infested, and compared the trees’ current status to their 2015 status. This assessment was done to determine whether their health and infestation status had changed through the EAB invasion wave. We found that attack rates declined: 26% of trees were infested in 2015 whereas only 13% were in 2018, likely coinciding with declining beetle populations in the area. Overall tree health improved for trees that were not reinfested by EAB after a record of attack in 2015, suggesting that they can survive and recover from EAB attack. Conversely, health declined for newly and continuously infested trees, indicating that they became stressed from EAB attack. Although the majority of the trees survived the invasion wave, several were removed from various sites due to EAB attack suggesting that white fringetree varies in its resistance and tolerance to attack. As beetle populations continue to expand geographically, infestation rates will likely increase and health of white fringetrees will decrease with the EAB attack wave, especially as EAB reaches denser populations of fringetrees.

Visually Mediated ‘Paratrooper Copulations’ in the Mating Behavior of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a Highly Destructive Invasive Pest of North American Ash Trees

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Lelito ◽  
Ivich Fraser ◽  
Victor C. Mastro ◽  
James H. Tumlinson ◽  
Katalin Böröczky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
North American ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Ash Trees

Natural autotriploidy in salamanders

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Lowcock ◽  
Lawrence E. Licht
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
North American ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Dna Flow Cytometry ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Diploid Populations

The frequency of autotriploidy in naturally occurring diploid populations of salamanders was investigated by use of flow cytometry of erythrocyte nuclei. Eight autotriploids were discovered from among a sample of over 1700 individuals representing 16 species of North American salamanders. Information from published records of autopolyploidy in natural and laboratory populations of urodeles is compiled and the possible role of autotriploidy in the evolution of this group is discussed.Key words: salamanders, polyploidy, amphibia, autotriploidy, nuclear DNA, flow cytometry.

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