Fetal Exposure to Ethanol Has Long-Term Effects on the Severity of Influenza Virus Infections

AbstractSurgical site infections are common complications of cesarean delivery. Many recent studies, including meta-analyses, have assessed the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis. Those articles have demonstrated that preincision antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the incidence of surgical site infections postcesarean, and that the use of adjunctive azithromycin further reduces infection after nonelective cesarean deliveries. However, long-term effects of fetal exposure to antibiotic prophylaxis—including asthma, obesity, and alterations in microbiota—have also been demonstrated. We suggest that while studies of optimal antibiotic regimens proceed, considerations of the potential risks to the neonate should be factored into discussions of benefits and burdens.

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Fetal exposure to ethanol has long-term effects on influenza viral immunity and disease severity

Alcohol ◽

10.1016/j.alcohol.2009.09.016 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 43 (8) ◽

pp. 669

Author(s):

Jodi McGill ◽

David Meyerholz ◽

Betty Young ◽

Ruth A. Coleman ◽

Annette Schlueter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Fetal Exposure ◽

Viral Immunity ◽

Long Term Effects

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Long-Term Effects of Fetal Exposure to Low Doses of the Xenoestrogen Bisphenol-A in the Female Mouse Genital Tract1

Biology of Reproduction ◽

10.1095/biolreprod.104.036301 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 1344-1351 ◽

Cited By ~ 157

Author(s):

Caroline M. Markey ◽

Perinaaz R. Wadia ◽

Beverly S. Rubin ◽

Carlos Sonnenschein ◽

Ana M. Soto

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Female Mouse ◽

Low Doses ◽

Fetal Exposure ◽

Long Term Effects

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Lifelong Residents

10.1093/oso/9780192845030.003.0006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 122-145

Author(s):

Dorothy H. Crawford

Keyword(s):

Virus Reactivation ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Term Survival ◽

Varicella Zoster ◽

Persistent Viruses ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Persistent Virus ◽

Simplex Virus

This chapter assesses some of the more intransigent persistent virus infections. Persistent viruses tend to strike up stable relationships with their respective hosts as they skilfully evade immune response and exploit the host to ensure their own long-term survival. This is an incredibly successful lifestyle for a virus, and generally causes little harm to the host. However, there can still be problems. The most obvious of these is seen with immunosuppression of the host leading to virus reactivation and disease, but there are also more subtle, long-term effects. The chapter then considers herpesviruses, such as varicella zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV); human papilloma virus (HPV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV); retroviruses; human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1); and hepatitis viruses.

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Long-term effects of fetal exposure to antiepileptics

Nursing Standard ◽

10.7748/ns.15.21.10.s32 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (21) ◽

pp. 10-10

Keyword(s):

Fetal Exposure ◽

Long Term Effects

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High glucose levels increase influenza-associated damage to the pulmonary epithelial-endothelial barrier

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.56907 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Katina D Hulme ◽

Limin Yan ◽

Rebecca J Marshall ◽

Conor J Bloxham ◽

Kyle R Upton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

High Glucose ◽

Endothelial Barrier ◽

Junctional Complex ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Severe Influenza

Diabetes mellitus is a known susceptibility factor for severe influenza virus infections. However, the mechanisms that underlie this susceptibility remain incompletely understood. Here, the effects of high glucose levels on influenza severity were investigated using an in vitro model of the pulmonary epithelial-endothelial barrier as well as an in vivo murine model of type II diabetes. In vitro we show that high glucose conditions prior to IAV infection increased virus-induced barrier damage. This was associated with an increased pro-inflammatory response in endothelial cells and the subsequent damage of the epithelial junctional complex. These results were subsequently validated in vivo. This study provides the first evidence that hyperglycaemia may increase influenza severity by damaging the pulmonary epithelial-endothelial barrier and increasing pulmonary oedema. These data suggest that maintaining long-term glucose control in individuals with diabetes is paramount in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza virus infections.

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Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100080717 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 658-659

Author(s):

T. M. Seed ◽

M. H. Sanderson ◽

D. L. Gutzeit ◽

T. E. Fritz ◽

D. V. Tolle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gamma Rays ◽

Low Dose ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Ovarian Dysfunction ◽

Dose Rates ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Microscopic Evaluation ◽

Ovarian Pathology ◽

Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

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Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100159412 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 374-375

Author(s):

D.E. Loudy ◽

J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽

J.T. Yarrington ◽

F.Y. Thompson ◽

J.P. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Antidepressant Drug ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Induced Aggregation ◽

Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

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