Pest status guide

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Status

scholarly journals Pest Status and Management of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Field Corn in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis P F Reay-Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Bt Corn ◽  
Pest Status ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Pest

Abstract The corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), is a common lepidopteran pest of corn (Zea mays L.) in the United States. This article provides an overview of the life history, ecology, plant injury, and management of H. zea in corn. Leaf injury by H. zea feeding can occur in vegetative stage corn, though this type of injury is rare. The most common type of injury is caused by larval feeding in ears. Because kernel injury is typically limited to the tip of the ear, H. zea is generally not considered an economic pest. The use of transgenic corn hybrids expressing insecticidal Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner can reduce injury from H. zea, though complete control is not achieved with most Bt traits. Resistance has been reported to several Bt toxins. Because H. zea is a major economic pest in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and because H. zea moths that developed on corn can migrate to cotton, selection pressure on H. zea in Bt corn has major implications for the pest status and injury to Bt cotton. Although the impact of H. zea on yield of field corn is generally negligible, the selection pressure exerted by Bt corn has led to management issues in cotton.

scholarly journals Inter-seasonal population dynamics and pest status of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B in an Australian cropping system

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Sequeira ◽  
A. Shields ◽  
A. Moore ◽  
P. De Barro
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
System Component ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Pest Status ◽  
Weed Host ◽  
Biotype B ◽  
Seasonal Population

AbstractBemisia tabaci, biotype B, commonly known as the silverleaf whitefly (SLW) is an alien species that invaded Australia in the mid-90s. This paper reports on the invasion ecology of SLW and the factors that are likely to have contributed to the first outbreak of this major pest in an Australian cotton cropping system. Population dynamics of SLW within whitefly-susceptible crop (cotton and cucurbit) and non-crop vegetation (sowthistle, Sonchus spp.) components of the cropping system were investigated over four consecutive growing seasons (September–June) 2001/02–2004/05 in the Emerald Irrigation Area (EIA) of Queensland, Australia. Based on fixed geo-referenced sampling sites, variation in spatial and temporal abundance of SLW within each system component was quantified to provide baseline data for the development of ecologically sustainable pest management strategies. Parasitism of large (3rd and 4th instars) SLW nymphs by native aphelinid wasps was quantified to determine the potential for natural control of SLW populations. Following the initial outbreak in 2001/02, SLW abundance declined and stabilised over the next three seasons. The population dynamics of SLW is characterised by inter-seasonal population cycling between the non-crop (weed) and cotton components of the EIA cropping system. Cotton was the largest sink for and source of SLW during the study period. Over-wintering populations dispersed from weed host plant sources to cotton in spring followed by a reverse dispersal in late summer and autumn to broad-leaved crops and weeds. A basic spatial source-sink analysis showed that SLW adult and nymph densities were higher in cotton fields that were closer to over-wintering weed sources throughout spring than in fields that were further away. Cucurbit fields were not significant sources of SLW and did not appear to contribute significantly to the regional population dynamics of the pest. Substantial parasitism of nymphal stages throughout the study period indicates that native parasitoid species and other natural enemies are important sources of SLW mortality in Australian cotton production systems. Weather conditions and use of broad-spectrum insecticides for pest control are implicated in the initial outbreak and on-going pest status of SLW in the region.

Nutritional alterations and damages to stored chickpea in relation with the pest status of Callosobruchus maculatus (Chrysomelidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumaya Haouel Hamdi ◽  
Sourour Abidi ◽  
Dorra Sfayhi ◽  
Mohamed Zied Dhraief ◽  
Moez Amri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Pest Status

scholarly journals Pests of safflower (Carthamus tinctorious l.) and their natural enemies in Gachsara, Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 286-291
Author(s):  
K. Saeidi ◽  
A. Nur Azura ◽  
D. Omar ◽  
F. Abood
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Pest Status ◽  
Bracon Hebetor ◽  
Considerable Damage

The safflower fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi, 1794 (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most important pests of safflower in Iran. Losses caused by larval feeding leads to disrupted plant activities, reduction in flower buds, and, ultimately, to decreased quality and quantity of crop. An investigation was made from March 2008 to August 2009 in Gachsaran and Yasooj to record the pest status of safflower and their natural enemies. A total of twenty arthropods were recorded as pests of safflower. Out of 25 farms surveyed, only seven had the incidence of pest attack. Among the pests, Safflower fly and Silver ‐ Y‐ moth were found to cause considerable damage to the safflower plants, while others were not at economic levels. Among the natural enemies, parasitoids like Bracon hebetor, Bracon luteator, Colotrechnus viridis, Antistrophoplex conthurnatus, Microdontomenus annulatus, Ormyrus orientalis, Eurytoma acroptilae, Pronotalia carlinarum, Pteromalus sp. and Isocolus tinctorious were found to be associated with the pests of safflower.

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