scholarly journals Do Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals Influence Foetal Development during Pregnancy?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Louise Hartoft-Nielsen ◽  
Malene Boas ◽  
Sofie Bliddal ◽  
Åase Krogh Rasmussen ◽  
Katharina Main ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Hormone Regulation ◽  
Foetal Development ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis ◽  
Maternal Thyroid ◽  
Hormone Influence

Maternal euthyroidism during pregnancy is crucial for normal development and, in particular, neurodevelopment of the foetus. Up to 3.5 percent of pregnant women suffer from hypothyroidism. Industrial use of various chemicals—endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)—has been shown to cause almost constant exposure of humans with possible harmful influence on health and hormone regulation. EDCs may affect thyroid hormone homeostasis by different mechanisms, and though the effect of each chemical seems scarce, the added effects may cause inappropriate consequences on, for example, foetal neurodevelopment. This paper focuses on thyroid hormone influence on foetal development in relation to the chemicals suspected of thyroid disrupting properties with possible interactions with maternal thyroid homeostasis. Knowledge of the effects is expected to impact the general debate on the use of these chemicals. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the issue, since human studies are scarce.

scholarly journals Maintaining euthyroidism: fundamentals of thyroid hormone physiology, iodine metabolism and hypothyroidism

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
De Wet Wolmarans
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Hormone Regulation ◽  
Iodine Metabolism ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis ◽  
Clinical Overview ◽  
Curative Agent

Thyroid-related pathologies, especially subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism, are commonly described in clinical practice. While illnesses related to aberrant thyroid hormone homeostasis are the most prevalent endocrinological conditions diagnosed, important aspects related to thyroid hormone physiology are often overlooked. Further, the only known physiological purpose of iodine is its requirement for the synthesis of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). However, although it can be applied as curative agent in the management of thyrotoxicosis, the halogen is often prescribed and used inappropriately with significant, but preventable clinical consequences. In an attempt to kindle a better understanding of aspects related to aberrant thyroid hormone regulation, iodine metabolism, and the clinical management of thyroid related pathology, the current paper provides a physiological and clinical overview of said constructs from a hypothyroid perspective.

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