Cardiovascular Reactivity to Acute Mental Stress in Post Ovulatory Females

Background: Female hormones fluctuate with the phases of menstrual cycle. Estrogen, which has attributes in cardio-protection, is secreted less during luteal phase. In post-ovulatory phase, days 1-2 before menstruation has minimal female hormone influence due to less secretion. Mental stress subjected at this phase might enhance sympathetic activation which in long run may precipitate cardiovascular diseases. Hence, to explore the autonomic activity to mental stress during this phase of menstrual cycle the study was undertaken.Methods: Thirty apparently healthy young postovulatory female medical students of B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal of age 19.93 (± 0.91) years with BMI of 20.70 kg/m2 (± 2.49) kg/m2 were recruited for the present study. Their short term heart rate variability (HRV) of 5 min was recorded during rest at sitting position. Then each subject was given a mental stress (nine questions selected from MENSA workout questionnaire) for 5 min. During the stress, HRV was recorded simultaneously. Data was statistically analyzed using Friedman test followed by multiple comparisons. The p<0.005 was considered statistically significant.Results: Mental stress significantly decreased RMSSD (p= 0.001), NN50 (p= 0.001) and PNN50 (p=0.001) in time domain and HF nu (p=0.012) in frequency domain parameters of HRV.Conclusions: Young healthy post ovulatory females responded to acute mental stress by withdrawing cardiac parasympathetic activity.Keywords: Female; HRV; mental stress

Larch regeneration (larix sibirica.ldb) from zygote embryos in in vitro and proliferation rate under growth hormone influence

Larix sibirica Ledeb is a frost-hardy tree species (50-70 cm tall) which belong to genus of Larix, and family of Pinaceae Lindl. Our objective was to generate plantlets from zygote embryos of larch tree (Larix sibirica Ledeb) in in vitro condition. Convenient in vitro culture for Larix sibirica.Ldb for shoot formation was MSGm with 2 mg/L BAP, 1 mg/L 2.4-D g/L activated carbon. Root was formatted on MSGm with 1 mg/L BAP, 2 mg/L 2.4-D g/L activated carbon. Сибирь шинэс (larix sibirica ledeb)-ний бичил ургамлыг гаргах, бойжуулахад өсөлт in vitro орчинд идэвхжүүлэгчийн нөлөө Хураангуй Нарсны овгийн (Pinaceae Lindl), шинэс (Larix)-ний төрөлд багтах Сибирь шинэс (Larix sibirica Ldb) нь 24-26 м дундаж өндөртэй 40 м хүртэл өндөр ургадаг модлог ургамал юм. Энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар Сибирь шинэс (Larix sibirica.Ldb)-ний үр хөврөлөөс in vitro орчинд бичил ургамлыг гаргаж, бойжуулахад өсөлт идэвхжүүлэгчийн нөлөөг тогтоосон. Сибирь шинэсний үр хөврөлөөс нахиа үүсгэхэд 2 мг/л ВАР, 1 мг/л 2.4-D, 7 г/л идэвхжүүлсэн нүүрс агуулсан MSGm тэжээлт орчинд 4 мм хэмжээтэй хөврөлийг өсгөвөрлөх нь хамгийн тохиромжтой. 2.4-D (2 мг/л) болон BAP(1 мг/л ) хослуулсан MSGm тэжээлт орчинд үндэс үүссэн. Сибирь шинэсний бичил ургамлыг өсөлт идэвхжүүлэгчээр үйлчлэхэд үндэсний урт, хэлбэр сайжирч байгаа учир шинэсний бичил ургамлыг өсөлт идэвхжүүлэгчийг ашиглах шаардлагатай. Түлхүүр үг: Үр хөврөл, MSGm тэжээлт орчин, AI үндсэн тэжээлт орчин

What are the key elements of youth sports orthopaedics examination?

Young competitive athletes are particularly at risk during puberty. Growth plates and apophyses are reduced in their stability by hormone influence. Epiphyses can slip, apophyses can tear out. Therefore, a regular examination of those athletes is important. The examination should focus on muscular asymmetries, or reduced range of motion of a joint. Shortened muscles have to be recon as a risk factor for apophysitis. Dysbalances of the musculature are mainly found in the trunk area. Training plans should be adapted to the increased vulnerability.