scholarly journals Immunofluorescence characterization of innervation and nerve-immune cell interactions in mouse lymph nodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dailun Hu ◽  
Philip K. Nicholls ◽  
Melissa Claus ◽  
Yongkang Wu ◽  
Zhongli Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Close Contacts

The peripheral nervous system communicates specifically with the immune system via local interactions. These interactions include the “hardwiring” of sympathetic/parasympathetic (efferent) and sensory nerves (afferent) to primary (e.g., thymus and bone marrow) and secondary (e.g., lymph node, spleen, and gut-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoid tissue/organs. To gain a better understanding of this bidirectional interaction/crosstalk between the two systems, we have investigated the distribution of nerve fibres and PNS-immune cell associations in situ in the mouse lymph node by using immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy/ three-dimensional reconstruction. Our results demonstrate i) the presence of extensive nerve fibres in all compartments (including B cell follicles) in the mouse lymph node; ii) close contacts/associations of nerve fibres with blood vessels (including high endothelial venules) and lymphatic vessels/sinuses; iii) close contacts/associations of nerve fibres with various subsets of dendritic cells (e.g., B220+CD11c+, CD4+CD11c+, CD8a+CD11c+, and Mac1+CD11c+), Mac1+ macrophages, and B/T lymphocytes. Our novel findings concerning the innervation and nerve-immune cell interactions inside the mouse lymph node should greatly facilitate our understanding of the effects that the peripheral nervous system has on cellular- and humoral-mediated immune responses or vice versa in health and disease.

scholarly journals Immunofluorescent characterization of non-myelinating Schwann cells and their interactions with immune cells in mouse mesenteric lymph node

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongli Shi ◽  
Wayne K. Greene ◽  
Philip K. Nicholls ◽  
Dailun Hu ◽  
Janina E.E. Tirnitz-Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Node ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Local Interactions ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

<p>The central nervous system (CNS) influences the immune system in a general fashion by regulating the systemic concentration of humoral substances, whereas the autonomic nervous system communicates specifically with the immune system according to local interactions. Data concerning the mechanisms of this bidirectional crosstalk of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and immune system remain limited. To gain a better understanding of local interactions of the PNS and immune system, we have used immunofluorescent staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), coupled with confocal microscopy, to investigate the non-myelinating Schwann cell (NMSC)-immune cell interactions in mouse mesenteric lymph nodes. Our results demonstrate i) the presence of extensive NMSC processes and even of cell bodies in each compartment of the mouse mesenteric lymph node; ii) close associations/interactions of NMSC processes with blood vessels (including high endothelial venules) and the lymphatic vessel/sinus; iii) close contacts/associations of NMSC processes with various subsets of dendritic cells (such as CD4<sup>+</sup>CD11c<sup>+</sup>, CD8<sup>+</sup>CD11c<sup>+ </sup>dendritic cells), macrophages (F4/80<sup>+</sup> and CD11b<sup>+</sup> macrophages), and lymphocytes. Our novel findings concerning the distribution of NMSCs and NMSC-immune cell interactions inside the mouse lymph node should help to elucidate the mechanisms through which the PNS affects cellular- and humoral-mediated immune responses or vice versa in health and disease.</p>

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation challenges in COVID-19 induced acute polyradiculoneuropathies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (Vol.12, no.1) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Ioana STANESCU ◽  
Angelo BULBOACA ◽  
Angela Ioana CORDOS ◽  
Dana M FODOR ◽  
Adriana Elena BULBOACA
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
Infectious Risk ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Spinal Roots ◽  
Smell Loss ◽  
Acute Polyradiculoneuritis

Introduction. SARS-COV 2 infection causes damage of the peripheral nervous system: loss of smell loss of taste and demyelination or axonal injury in the spinal roots and motor and sensory nerves with acute polyradiculoneuritis. As many people are affected by COVID-19, the number of patients with secondary peripheral nervous system damage is increasing. Material and method. There are a significant number of Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) cases reported in COVID-19 positive patients, leading to the recognition of GBS as one of the peripheral nervous system complications of SARS-COV 2 infection. We are trying to summarise the particularities of specific rehabilitation in post-COVID patients. Results and discussions. The rehabilitation of a COVID patients has particularities, first – because of infectious risk carried by the patient during the procedures, second by the patient’s pulmonary and physical impairments induced by the Coronavirus. Conclusions. There is scarce evidence for rehabilitation interventions, and many recommendations are based on methods developed in other viral infections or chronic pulmonary and neurologic conditions. There is a urgent need for studies regarding the efficacy of interventions in COVID rehabilitation, as the number of patients is constantly increasing. Keywords: therapeutic plasma exchange, plasmapheresis, neuroimmune disorders,rehabilitation,

scholarly journals Distribution of non-myelinating Schwann cells and their associations with leukocytes in mouse spleen revealed by immunofluorescence staining

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Ma ◽  
Changfu Yin ◽  
Dailun Hu ◽  
Mark Newman ◽  
Philip K. Nicholls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Mouse Spleen ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Splenic Compartments

The nervous system and the immune system communicate extensively with each other in order to maintain homeostasis and to regulate the immune response. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) communicates specifically with the immune system according to local interactions, including the “hardwiring” of sympathetic/parasympathetic (efferent) and sensory nerves (afferent) to lymphoid tissue and organs. To reveal this type of bidirectional neuroimmune interaction at the microscopic level, we used immunofluorescent staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) coupled with confocal microscopy/3D reconstruction to reveal the distribution of non-myelinating Schwann cells (NMSCs) and their interactions with immune cells inside mouse spleen. Our results demonstrate i) the presence of  an extensive network of  NMSC processes in all splenic compartments including the splenic nodules, periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), marginal zone,  trabecula, and red pulp; ii) the close association of  NMSC processes with blood vessels (including central artries and their branches, marginal sinuses, penicillar arterioles and splenic sinuses); iii) the close “synapse-like” interaction/association of NMSC processes with various subsets of dendritic cells (DCs; e.g., CD4+CD11c+ DCs, B220+CD11c+ DCs, and F4/80+ CD11c+ DCs), macrophages (F4/80+), and lymphocytes (B cells, CD4+ T helper cells). Our novel findings concerning the distribution of NMSCs and NMSC-leukocytes interactions inside mouse spleen should improve our understanding of the mechanisms through which the PNS affects cellular- and humoral-mediated immune responses in a variety of health conditions and infectious/non-infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Schwann cell interactions during the development of the peripheral nervous system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma R. Wilson ◽  
Gustavo Della‐Flora Nunes ◽  
Michael R. Weaver ◽  
Luciana R. Frick ◽  
M. Laura Feltri
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Cell Interactions

Questions and Answers

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
James B. Talmage
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Limited Motion

Abstract Lesions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), whether due to injury or illness, commonly result in residual symptoms and signs and, hence, permanent impairment. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) describes procedures for rating upper extremity neural deficits in Chapter 3, The Musculoskeletal System, section 3.1k; Chapter 4, The Nervous System, section 4.4 provides additional information and an example. The AMA Guides also divides PNS deficits into sensory and motor and includes pain within the former. The impairment estimates take into account typical manifestations such as limited motion, atrophy, and reflex, trophic, and vasomotor deficits. Lesions of the peripheral nervous system may result in diminished sensation (anesthesia or hypesthesia), abnormal sensation (dysesthesia or paresthesia), or increased sensation (hyperesthesia). Lesions of motor nerves can result in weakness or paralysis of the muscles innervated. Spinal nerve deficits are identified by sensory loss or pain in the dermatome or weakness in the myotome supplied. The steps in estimating brachial plexus impairment are similar to those for spinal and peripheral nerves. Evaluators should take care not to rate the same impairment twice, eg, rating weakness resulting from a peripheral nerve injury and the joss of joint motion due to that weakness.

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