Intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure

In this review, we have considered and discussed the existing data to achieve a deeper understanding of the role of intestinal microbiota in the development and progression of chronic heart failure (CHF). The key moments of the CHF pathogenesis (an imbalance of neurohumoral systems, inflammatory theory and metabolic disorders) and the respective changes of the intestinal microflora composition were compared. Here, we also present the latest results of the positive influence of the microflora modulations on the course and prognosis of CHF with the prescribing antibiotics, probiotics and prebiotics.