scholarly journals Possible evidence of pregnancy and or famine in an ancient nubian female

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Denton ◽  
Jennifer Mann ◽  
Ann Rosalie David
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Mechanical Stresses ◽  
Bone Apposition ◽  
Blood Calcium

A female Nubian femur from the Manchester Mummy Collection exhibits periodic features of bone resorption, bone apposition and then bone resorption as demonstrated by bone histology. Bone is a metabolically active, dynamic, structural tissue whose development and maintenance is influenced by many factors, including nutrition, sunlight, hormonal secretions, and physical exercise. When biochemical or mechanical stresses occur bone cells respond either producing or resorbing bone. When food becomes scarce or of poor nutritional quality, for example in times of famine or flood, malnutrition and concurrent low calcium intake occur. In low blood calcium conditions, parathyroid hormone is released. This stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone tissue. When nutritional state normalises, bone is laid down again and this cycle recurs. Additionally, during pregnancy there is profound resorbtion of the maternal skeleton in order that the foetus may thrive. The condition of the observed bone is consistent with such cyclic events.

scholarly journals Biology of Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Factors That Influence Bone Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinaldo Florencio-Silva ◽  
Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso ◽  
Estela Sasso-Cerri ◽  
Manuel Jesus Simões ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Cerri
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Bone Biology ◽  
Structure And Functions

Bone tissue is continuously remodeled through the concerted actions of bone cells, which include bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts, whereas osteocytes act as mechanosensors and orchestrators of the bone remodeling process. This process is under the control of local (e.g., growth factors and cytokines) and systemic (e.g., calcitonin and estrogens) factors that all together contribute for bone homeostasis. An imbalance between bone resorption and formation can result in bone diseases including osteoporosis. Recently, it has been recognized that, during bone remodeling, there are an intricate communication among bone cells. For instance, the coupling from bone resorption to bone formation is achieved by interaction between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Moreover, osteocytes produce factors that influence osteoblast and osteoclast activities, whereas osteocyte apoptosis is followed by osteoclastic bone resorption. The increasing knowledge about the structure and functions of bone cells contributed to a better understanding of bone biology. It has been suggested that there is a complex communication between bone cells and other organs, indicating the dynamic nature of bone tissue. In this review, we discuss the current data about the structure and functions of bone cells and the factors that influence bone remodeling.

scholarly journals Direct extraction and assay of bone tissue collagenase and its relation to parathyroid-hormone-induced bone resorption

1986 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. 793-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Eeckhout ◽  
J M Delaissé ◽  
G Vaes
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Direct Extraction ◽  
Latent Form ◽  
Fetal Mouse ◽  
Quantitative Extraction

A method has been developed for the quantitative extraction of collagenase from as little as one 19-day-fetal-mouse calvarium. About 20-40 munits of collagenase are extracted per mg of tissue, all in a latent form that, after proper activation, shows the typical properties of mammalian collagenase. Culturing the calvaria for 2 days with parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases their procollagenase content up to 3-fold and induces bone resorption. Both PTH effects are prevented by cycloheximide, but not by indomethacin. Calcitonin inhibits resorption without affecting the PTH-induced procollagenase synthesis. The role of this synthesis is discussed in relation to the mechanisms of bone resorption.

Human Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)-Related Protein and Human PTH: Comparative Biological Activities on Human Bone Cells and Bone Resorption*

Endocrinology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 2841-2848 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHOICHI FUKAYAMA ◽  
THOMAS J. BOSMA ◽  
DALE L. GOAD ◽  
EDWARD F. VOELKEL ◽  
ARMEN H. TASHJIAN
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Human Parathyroid Hormone

Effects of a diphophonate on calcium metabolism in calcium-deprived rats

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (6) ◽  
pp. 1750-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
DB Morgan ◽  
A Gasser ◽  
U Largiader ◽  
A Jung ◽  
H Fleisch
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Efficient Mechanism ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Inhibit Bone Resorption

Calcium metabolism was studied in growing rats, submitted to calcium deprivation ofvarious intensity. A decreased intake resulted in decreased net absorption of calcium(V'na), no change in bone formation (V'o+), and an increase in bone resorption (V'o -). In animals given dichloromethylene disphosphate (Cl'2MDP), a compoundknown to inhibit bone resorption, V'o+ was less than in the controls but again the same at all calcium intakes; V'na was below V'o+, V'o- still increased as the calcium intake was reduced. The various kinetic parameters in rats receiving Cl'2MDPwere indistinguishable from published data in parathyroidectomized (PTX) animals, yetblood calcium was low in PTX rats but normal in Cl'2MDP-atreated rats. It appears that the rat has an efficient mechanism for increasing bone resorption which is not inhibited by Cl'2MDP and does not require parathyroid hormone.

Parathyroid hormone stimulates the synthesis of prostaglandins by human bone cells: Possible role in the regulation of bone resorption

Bone ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
B.R. MacDonald ◽  
J.A. Gallagher ◽  
I. Ahnfelt-Ronne ◽  
J.N. Beresford ◽  
M. Gowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Human Bone

scholarly journals Bone loss in hepatitis B virus-infected patients can be associated with greater osteoclastic activity independently of the retroviral use

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Dessordi ◽  
Ligia Moriguchi Watanabe ◽  
Mariana Palma Guimarães ◽  
Elen Almeida Romão ◽  
Ana de Lourdes Candolo Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Fgf 23

AbstractNucleoside/nucleotide analogs such as tenofovir, have been used as long-term therapy for the treatment of hepatitis B and side effects such as the reduction in bone mineral density have been associated with their use. To determine the relationships between bone, hormonal, biochemical, and mineral parameters in patients with hepatitis B treated with nucleoside/nucleotide antiviral. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 81 adult patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed to assess bone mineral density. Biochemical analyses were performed for osteocalcin, deoxypyridinoline, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, IGF-1, TSH, testosterone, estradiol, FSH, transaminases, urea, creatinine, calcium, serum and urinary phosphorus, magnesium, and FGF-23, body composition was performed by DXA. Participants, both gender, were divided according to the use of antiretrovirals: Group1: 27 inactive virus carriers without medication; Group2: 27 patients using tenofovir; and Group3: 27 patients using lamivudine or entecavir. DXA readings diagnosed osteopenia in the lumbar spine for 7.4% of individuals in Group1, 15% in Group2, and 3.7% in Group3. For all groups, we observed normal values in bone formation markers, osteocalcin levels as well as parathyroid hormone, insulin growth factor 1, and FGF-23. In all groups, we found increased levels of urinary deoxypyridinoline, a bone resorption marker. Increased levels in the bone resorption markers indicated a high resorptive activity of bone tissue. These data suggested high resorption activity of bone tissue in hepatitis B virus-infected patients independent of the use of antiretrovirals.

Parathyroid hormone stimulates prostanoid formation in mouse calvarial bones

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Östen Ljunggren ◽  
Ulf H. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Neonatal Mouse ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Bovine Parathyroid Hormone

Abstract. Bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH 1–34) caused a time- and dose-dependent enhanced formation of the two prostanoids PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1α in cultured neonatal mouse calvarial bones, with threshold for action at 0.1 nmol/l. The PGE2 response to PTH was completely blocked by indomethacin, but insensitive to calcitonin. By contrast, indomethacin was without effect on 45Ca release induced by PTH. The PTH analogues (Nle 8, 18, Tyr 34)-bPTH (3–34) amide and (Tyr 34)-bPTH (7–34) amide, which are putative PTH antagonists, did not affect basal production of PGE2, nor did the analogues affect bPTH 1–34 induced PGE2 formation. The data show that PTH stimulates prostanoid formation in mouse bone cells and that this response is not directly linked to PTH-induced bone resorption.

Effects of Mineral Composition of Drinking Water on Risk for Stone Formation and Bone Metabolism in Idiopathic Calcium Nephrolithiasis

1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martino Marangella ◽  
Corrado Vitale ◽  
Michele Petrarulo ◽  
Lidia Rovera ◽  
Franca Dutto
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Markers Of Bone Resorption

1. To assess whether the mineral content of drinking water influences both risk of stone formation and bone metabolism in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis, 21 patients were switched from their usual home diets to a 10 mmol calcium, low-oxalate, protein-controlled diet, supplemented with 21 of three different types of mineral water. Drinking water added 1, 6 and 20 mmol of calcium and 0.5, 10 and 50 mmol of bicarbonate respectively to the controlled diet. 2. The three controlled study periods lasted 1 month each and were separated by a 20 day washout interval. Blood and urine chemistries, including intact parathyroid hormone, calcitriol and two markers of bone resorption, were performed at the end of each study period. The stone-forming risk was assessed by calculating urine saturation with calcium oxalate (βCaOx), calcium phosphate (βbsh) and uric acid (βUA). 3. The addition of any mineral water produced the expected increase in urine output and was associated with similar decreases in βCaOx and βUA, whereas βbsh varied marginally. These equal decreases in βCaOx, however, resulted from peculiar changes in calcium, oxalate and citrate excretion during each study period. The increase in overall calcium intake due to different drinking water induced modest increases in calcium excretion, whereas oxalate excretion tended to decrease. The changes in oxalate excretion during any one study period compared with another were significantly related to those in calcium intake. Citrate excretion was significantly higher with the high-calcium, alkaline water. 4. Parathyroid hormone, calcitriol and markers of bone resorption increased when patients were changed from the high-calcium, alkaline to the low-calcium drinking water. 5. We suggest that overall calcium intake may be tailored by supplying calcium in drinking water. Adverse effects on bone turnover with low-calcium diets can be prevented by giving high-calcium, alkaline drinking water, and the stone-forming risk can be decreased as effectively as with low-calcium drinking water.

scholarly journals Bone cells predispose bone surfaces to resorption by exposure of mineral to osteoclastic contact

1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Chambers ◽  
K. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Osteoclastic Bone Resorption ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Osteoclastic Resorption ◽  
Parietal Bones

The cell-free endocranial surface of young adult rat parietal bones was used as a substrate for osteoclastic bone resorption, either without prior treatment, or after incubation of the parietal bones with collagenase or neonatal rat calvarial cells. Untreated, the endocranial surface consisted of unmineralized organic fibres; incubation with calvarial cells or collagenase caused disruption and removal of these fibres, with extensive exposure of bone mineral on the endocranial surface, without morphologically detectable mineral dissolution. Neonatal rabbit osteoclasts resorbed bone to a greater extent from parietal bones pre-incubated with calvarial cells or collagenase than from untreated bones; mineral exposure and subsequent osteoclastic resorption were both increased if calvarial cells were incubated with parathyroid hormone; removal of bone mineral after incubation with calvarial cells removed the predisposition to osteoclastic resorption. These experiments demonstrate that calvarial cells are capable of osteoid destruction, and indicate that one mechanism by which osteoblasts induce osteoclastic bone resorption may be through digestion of the unmineralized organic material that covers bone surfaces, to expose the underlying resorption-stimulating bone mineral to osteoclastic contact.

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