scholarly journals A look at clinical applications and developments of photodynamic therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arménio Serra ◽  
Marta Pineiro ◽  
Nelson Pereira ◽  
António Rocha Gonsalves ◽  
Mafalda Laranjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Basic Investigation

The battle against cancer is so important that all possible weapons must be considered. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic approach which has proved its capacity to give many excellent results, but it is having some difficulty in being imposed. The simplicity of the mechanism of action of this technique has been compromised by the multidisciplinary approach required for its implementation, which makes its adoption for more general use by health professionals difficult. This review aims to give a perspective of the performance of current approved PDT drugs, and their clinical applications against cancer. Basic investigation in PDT, particularly in the design of new sensitizers, is still ongoing, and needs to be further exploited. Emergent and diversified solutions with excellent results in pre-clinical phases are described to raise the multidisciplinary interest required to boost the clinical use of PDT.

scholarly journals A look at clinical applications and developments of photodynamic therapy

2011 ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
Arménio Serra ◽  
Marta Pineiro ◽  
Nelson Pereira ◽  
António Rocha Gonsalves ◽  
Mafalda Laranjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Basic Investigation

The battle against cancer is so important that all possible weapons must be considered. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic approach which has proved its capacity to give many excellent results, but it is having some difficulty in being imposed. The simplicity of the mechanism of action of this technique has been compromised by the multidisciplinary approach required for its implementation, which makes its adoption for more general use by health professionals difficult. This review aims to give a perspective of the performance of current approved PDT drugs, and their clinical applications against cancer. Basic investigation in PDT, particularly in the design of new sensitizers, is still ongoing, and needs to be further exploited. Emergent and diversified solutions with excellent results in pre-clinical phases are described to raise the multidisciplinary interest required to boost the clinical use of PDT.

scholarly journals Photodynamic Therapy—An Up-to-Date Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3626
Author(s):  
Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu ◽  
Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Targeting Efficiency ◽  
Healing Power

The healing power of light has attracted interest for thousands of years. Scientific discoveries and technological advancements in the field have eventually led to the emergence of photodynamic therapy, which soon became a promising approach in treating a broad range of diseases. Based on the interaction between light, molecular oxygen, and various photosensitizers, photodynamic therapy represents a non-invasive, non-toxic, repeatable procedure for tumor treatment, wound healing, and pathogens inactivation. However, classic photosensitizing compounds impose limitations on their clinical applications. Aiming to overcome these drawbacks, nanotechnology came as a solution for improving targeting efficiency, release control, and solubility of traditional photosensitizers. This paper proposes a comprehensive path, starting with the photodynamic therapy mechanism, evolution over the years, integration of nanotechnology, and ending with a detailed review of the most important applications of this therapeutic approach.

Optimisation of the drill-in behaviour of the EcoFit® SC threaded cup

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-484
Author(s):  
Christoph Thorwächter ◽  
Matthias Woiczinski ◽  
Inês Santos ◽  
Florian Schmidutz ◽  
Alexander Paulus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Biomechanical Investigation

AbstractThreaded cups show good clinical results when implanted correctly. In clinical use, multiple cases with an incomplete placement of the EcoFit threaded cup (implantcast) were observed. This behaviour could not be explained intra- and postoperatively. The aim of this study was to compare and optimise the drill-in-behaviour of the EcoFit cup in a biomechanical investigation. EcoFit cup sizes 46, 50 and 54 mm were compared with the SC cup (Aesculap) size 50 mm. Foam blocks (Sawbones) of density 0.16 g/ml (pcf 10), 0.32 g/ml (pcf 20) and 0.48 g/ml (pcf 30) were used. After standardised placement using a universal testing system (n = 8 per group), the primary stability, the overhang of the cups and the drill-in behaviour were measured. Overreamings of 1 and 2 mm were performed (pcf 20, n = 8) for the EcoFit cup size 50 and the primary stability as well as the overhang measurements were examined. Measurements of the cup diameter, thread depth and thread pitch were performed on three-dimensional (3D) images of the cup size 50 mm. The drill-in behaviour was different between the EcoFit and the SC cups. Even with maximum torque, the EcoFit cup could not be positioned as deep as the SC cup in standard reaming conditions (overhang of 1.1 ± 0.4 mm for the EcoFit size 50 in pcf 20 and of −0.01 ± 0.2 mm for the SC cup). The primary stability was lower for the EcoFit cup in comparison to the SC cup (128.8 ± 3.2 Nm vs. 138.6 ± 9.1 Nm, p = 0.0291). With overreaming to 51 mm, a deeper positioning of the EcoFit was possible (overlap of −0.3 ± 0.1, comparable to the SC cup). The overreaming of the cavity also led to a significantly higher primary stability of 143.4 ± 3.7 Nm (p < 0.001) comparable to the unaltered condition (128.8 ± 3.2 Nm). Overreaming to 52 mm had no further advantage in terms of primary stability or overhang. The geometric measurements showed significant differences as well. The previously clinically observed difficulties in inserting the cup were confirmed by this study. By overreaming to 51 mm, the drill-in behaviour, the primary stability and the measured overhang were comparable to the reference cup. The obtained results suggest that the extension of the acetabulum cavity to 51 mm while using the implantcast EcoFit size 50 should be implemented in clinical applications.

Application of Cis-Diamminedichloro-Platinum in Combination Antineoplastic Therapy of Testicular Cancer

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Williams ◽  
Nicholas G. Popovich
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Antineoplastic Therapy ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Combination Chemotherapy ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Testicular Carcinoma ◽  
Dosage Administration

Testicular carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in adult males between the ages of 20 and 35. Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (i.e., CDDP) is currently being used investigatively in combination chemotherapy for the treatment of this disease. This article reviews the literature to date on CDDP and its application in testicular cancer. Individual CDDP parameters (e.g., chemistry, mechanism of action, effectiveness and clinical use, adverse effects, dosage, administration and distribution) are discussed.

scholarly journals Advances in the automated synthesis of 6-[18F]Fluoro-L-DOPA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela C. B. Neves ◽  
Ivanna Hrynchak ◽  
Inês Fonseca ◽  
Vítor H. P. Alves ◽  
Mariette M. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Radiochemical Yield ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Molar Activity ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Improved Methods

AbstractThe neurotracer 6-[18F] FDOPA has been, for many years, a powerful tool in PET imaging of neuropsychiatric diseases, movement disorders and brain malignancies. More recently, it also demonstrated good results in the diagnosis of other malignancies such as neuroendocrine tumours, pheochromocytoma or pancreatic adenocarcinoma.The multiple clinical applications of this tracer fostered a very strong interest in the development of new and improved methods for its radiosynthesis. The no-carrier-added nucleophilic 18F-fluorination process has gained increasing attention, in recent years, due to the high molar activities obtained, when compared with the other methods although the radiochemical yield remains low (17–30%). This led to the development of several nucleophilic synthetic processes in order to obtain the product with molar activity, radiochemical yield and enantiomeric purity suitable for human PET studies.Automation of the synthetic processes is crucial for routine clinical use and compliance with GMP requirements. Nevertheless, the complexity of the synthesis makes the production challenging, increasing the chance of failure in routine production. Thus, for large-scale clinical application and wider use of this radiopharmaceutical, progress in the automation of this complex radiosynthesis is of critical importance.This review summarizes the most recent developments of 6-[18F]FDOPA radiosynthesis and discusses the key issues regarding its automation for routine clinical use.

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