scholarly journals Photodynamic Therapy—An Up-to-Date Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3626
Author(s):  
Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu ◽  
Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Targeting Efficiency ◽  
Healing Power

The healing power of light has attracted interest for thousands of years. Scientific discoveries and technological advancements in the field have eventually led to the emergence of photodynamic therapy, which soon became a promising approach in treating a broad range of diseases. Based on the interaction between light, molecular oxygen, and various photosensitizers, photodynamic therapy represents a non-invasive, non-toxic, repeatable procedure for tumor treatment, wound healing, and pathogens inactivation. However, classic photosensitizing compounds impose limitations on their clinical applications. Aiming to overcome these drawbacks, nanotechnology came as a solution for improving targeting efficiency, release control, and solubility of traditional photosensitizers. This paper proposes a comprehensive path, starting with the photodynamic therapy mechanism, evolution over the years, integration of nanotechnology, and ending with a detailed review of the most important applications of this therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals An Introduction to High Intensity Focused Ultrasound: Systematic Review on Principles, Devices, and Clinical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Izadifar ◽  
Zohreh Izadifar ◽  
Dean Chapman ◽  
Paul Babyn
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive

Ultrasound can penetrate deep into tissues and interact with human tissue via thermal and mechanical mechanisms. The ability to focus an ultrasound beam and its energy onto millimeter-size targets was a significant milestone in the development of therapeutic applications of focused ultrasound. Focused ultrasound can be used as a non-invasive thermal ablation technique for tumor treatment and is being developed as an option to standard oncologic therapies. High-intensity focused ultrasound has now been used for clinical treatment of a variety of solid malignant tumors, including those in the pancreas, liver, kidney, bone, prostate, and breast, as well as uterine fibroids and soft-tissue sarcomas. Magnetic resonance imaging and Ultrasound imaging can be combined with high intensity focused ultrasound to provide real-time imaging during ablation. Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound represents a novel non-invasive method of treatment that may play an important role as an alternative to open neurosurgical procedures for treatment of a number of brain disorders. This paper briefly reviews the underlying principles of HIFU and presents current applications, outcomes, and complications after treatment. Recent applications of Focused ultrasound for tumor treatment, drug delivery, vessel occlusion, histotripsy, movement disorders, and vascular, oncologic, and psychiatric applications are reviewed, along with clinical challenges and potential future clinical applications of HIFU.

SiO2@Cu7S4 nanotubes for photo/chemodynamic and photo-thermal dual-mode synergistic therapy under 808 nm laser irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (26) ◽  
pp. 5707-5721
Author(s):  
Mingdi Sun ◽  
Dan Yang ◽  
Wu Fanqi ◽  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Hongjiao Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Dual Mode

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light-based modality for tumor treatment that involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the combination of light, a photosensitizer, and molecular oxygen.

scholarly journals A look at clinical applications and developments of photodynamic therapy

2011 ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
Arménio Serra ◽  
Marta Pineiro ◽  
Nelson Pereira ◽  
António Rocha Gonsalves ◽  
Mafalda Laranjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Basic Investigation

The battle against cancer is so important that all possible weapons must be considered. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic approach which has proved its capacity to give many excellent results, but it is having some difficulty in being imposed. The simplicity of the mechanism of action of this technique has been compromised by the multidisciplinary approach required for its implementation, which makes its adoption for more general use by health professionals difficult. This review aims to give a perspective of the performance of current approved PDT drugs, and their clinical applications against cancer. Basic investigation in PDT, particularly in the design of new sensitizers, is still ongoing, and needs to be further exploited. Emergent and diversified solutions with excellent results in pre-clinical phases are described to raise the multidisciplinary interest required to boost the clinical use of PDT.

scholarly journals A look at clinical applications and developments of photodynamic therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arménio Serra ◽  
Marta Pineiro ◽  
Nelson Pereira ◽  
António Rocha Gonsalves ◽  
Mafalda Laranjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Basic Investigation

The battle against cancer is so important that all possible weapons must be considered. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic approach which has proved its capacity to give many excellent results, but it is having some difficulty in being imposed. The simplicity of the mechanism of action of this technique has been compromised by the multidisciplinary approach required for its implementation, which makes its adoption for more general use by health professionals difficult. This review aims to give a perspective of the performance of current approved PDT drugs, and their clinical applications against cancer. Basic investigation in PDT, particularly in the design of new sensitizers, is still ongoing, and needs to be further exploited. Emergent and diversified solutions with excellent results in pre-clinical phases are described to raise the multidisciplinary interest required to boost the clinical use of PDT.

Optical Properties of Photodynamic Therapy Drugs in Different Environments: The Paradigmatic Case of Temoporfin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
busenur Aslanoglu ◽  
Ilya Yakavets ◽  
Vladimir Zorin ◽  
Henri-Pierre Lassalle ◽  
Francesca Ingrosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Computational Tools

Computational tools have been used to study the photophysical and photochemical features of photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT) –a minimally invasive, less aggressive alternative for cancer treatment. PDT is mainly based by the activation of molecular oxygen through the action of a photoexcited sensitizer (photosensitizer). Temoporfin, widely known as mTHPC, is a second-generation photosensitizer, which produces the cytotoxic singlet oxygen when irradiated with visible light and hence destroys tumor cells. However, the bioavailability of the mostly hydrophobic photosensitizer, and hence its incorporation into the cells, is fundamental to achieve the desired effect on malignant tissues by PDT. In this study, we focus on the optical properties of the temoporfin chromophore in different environments –in <i>vacuo</i>, in solution, encapsulated in drug delivery agents, namely cyclodextrin, and interacting with a lipid bilayer.

Natural, Synthetic and their Combinatorial Nanocarriers Based Drug Delivery System in the Treatment Paradigm for Wound Healing Via Dermal Targeting

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (36) ◽  
pp. 4551-4568
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kashif Iqubal ◽  
Sadaf Saleem ◽  
Ashif Iqubal ◽  
Aiswarya Chaudhuri ◽  
Faheem Hyder Pottoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Wound Site ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Treatment Paradigm

A wound refers to the epithelial loss, accompanied by loss of muscle fibers collagen, nerves and bone instigated by surgery, trauma, frictions or by heat. Process of wound healing is a compounded activity of recovering the functional integrity of the damaged tissues. This process is mediated by various cytokines and growth factors usually liberated at the wound site. A plethora of herbal and synthetic drugs, as well as photodynamic therapy, is available to facilitate the process of wound healing. Generally, the systems used for the management of wounds tend to act through covering the ruptured site, reduce pain, inflammation, and prevent the invasion and growth of microorganisms. The available systems are, though, enough to meet these requirements, but the involvement of nanotechnology can ameliorate the performance of these protective coverings. In recent years, nano-based formulations have gained immense popularity among researchers for the wound healing process due to the enhanced benefits they offer over the conventional preparations. Hereupon, this review aims to cover the entire roadmap of wound healing, beginning from the molecular factors involved in the process, the various synthetic and herbal agents, and combination therapy available for the treatment and the current nano-based systems available for delivery through the topical route for wound healing.

A porphysome-based photodynamic O2 economizer for hypoxic tumor treatment by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (34) ◽  
pp. 4134-4137
Author(s):  
Rongrong Zheng‡ ◽  
Xiayun Chen‡ ◽  
Linping Zhao ◽  
Ni Yang ◽  
Runtian Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Hypoxic Tumor

A porphysome-based photodynamic O2 economizer is developed to inhibit mitochondrial respiration for enhanced photodynamic therapy against hypoxic tumors.

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