Neural stem cells after brain injury: do they originate developmentally from neural tube, neural crest, or both?

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Takayuki Nakagomi ◽  
Tomohiro Matsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube

scholarly journals CFHR1-Modified Neural Stem Cells Ameliorated Brain Injury in a Mouse Model of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 197 (9) ◽  
pp. 3471-3480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaibin Shi ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Yuanchu Liu ◽  
Ye Gong ◽  
Ying Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals SV40T reprograms Schwann cells into stem-like cells that can re-differentiate into terminal nerve cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-fang Li ◽  
Guo-xin Nan ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Chang Gao ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Neural Crest Cells

Background: The specific effect of SV40T on neurocytes has been rarely investigated by the researchers. We transfected Schwann cells (SCs) that did not have differentiation ability with MPH 86 plasmid containing SV40T in order to explore the effects of SV40T on Schwann cells.Methods: SCs were transfected with MPH 86 plasmid carrying the SV40T gene and cultured in different media, as well as co-cultured with neural stem cells (NSCs). In our study, SCs overexpressing SV40T were defined as SV40T-SCs. The proliferation of these cells was detected by WST-1, and the expression of different biomarkers was analyzed by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: SV40T induced the characteristics of NSCs, such as the ability to grow in suspension, form spheroid colonies and proliferate rapidly, in the SCs, which were reversed by knocking out SV40T by the Flip-adenovirus. In addition, SV40T upregulated the expressions of neural crest-associated markers Nestin, Pax3 and Slug, and down-regulated S100b as well as the markers of mature SCs MBP, GFAP and Olig1/2. These cells also expressed NSC markers like Nestin, Sox2, CD133 and SSEA-1, as well as early development markers of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) like BMP4, c-Myc, OCT4 and Gbx2. Co-culturing with NSCs induced differentiation of the SV40T-SCs into neuronal and glial cells. Conclusions: SV40T reprograms Schwann cells to stem-like cells at the stage of neural crest cells (NCCs) that can differentiate to neurocytes.

scholarly journals Freshly Thawed Cryobanked Human Neural Stem Cells Engraft within Endogenous Neurogenic Niches and Restore Cognitive Function Following Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Badner ◽  
Emily K. Reinhardt ◽  
Theodore V. Nguyen ◽  
Nicole Midani ◽  
Andrew T. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

AbstractHuman neural stem cells (hNSCs) have potential as a cell therapy following traumatic brain injury (TBI). While various studies have demonstrated the efficacy of NSCs from on-going culture, there is a significant gap in our understanding of freshly thawed cells from cryobanked stocks – a more clinically-relevant source. To address these shortfalls, the therapeutic potential of our previously validated Shef-6.0 human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived hNSC line was tested following long-term cryostorage and thawing prior to transplant. Immunodeficient athymic nude rats received a moderate unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. At 4-weeks post-injury, 6×105 freshly thawed hNSCs were transplanted into six injection sites (2 ipsi- and 4 contra-lateral) with 53.4% of cells surviving three months post-transplant. Interestingly, most hNSCs were engrafted in the meninges and the lining of lateral ventricles, associated with high CXCR4 expression and a chemotactic response to SDF1alpha (CXCL12). While some expressed markers of neuron, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte lineages, the majority remained progenitors, identified through doublecortin expression (78.1%). Importantly, transplantation resulted in improved spatial learning and memory in Morris water maze navigation and reduced risk-taking behavior in an elevated plus maze. Investigating potential mechanisms of action, we identified an increase in ipsilateral host hippocampus cornu ammonis (CA) neuron survival, contralateral dentate gyrus (DG) volume and DG neural progenitor morphology as well as a reduction in neuroinflammation. Together, these findings validate the potential of hNSCs to restore function after TBI and demonstrate that long-term bio-banking of cells and thawing aliquots prior to use may be suitable for clinical deployment.Significance StatementThere is no cure for chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI). While human neural stem cells (hNSCs) offer a potential treatment, no one has demonstrated efficacy of thawed hNSCs from long-term cryobanked stocks. Frozen aliquots are critical for multisite clinical trials, as this omission impacted the use of MSCs for graft versus host disease. This is the first study to demonstrate the efficacy of thawed hNSCs, while also providing support for novel mechanisms of action – linking meningeal and ventricular engraftment to reduced neuroinflammation and improved hippocampal neurogenesis. Importantly, these changes also led to clinically relevant effects on spatial learning/memory and risk-taking behavior. Together, this new understanding of hNSCs lays a foundation for future work and improved opportunities for patient care.

scholarly journals Alternative Generation of CNS Neural Stem Cells and PNS Derivatives from Neural Crest-Derived Peripheral Stem Cells

Stem Cells ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 574-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlen Weber ◽  
Galina Apostolova ◽  
Darius Widera ◽  
Michel Mittelbronn ◽  
Georg Dechant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Alternative Generation ◽  
Peripheral Stem Cells

Transplantation of primed human fetal neural stem cells improves cognitive function in rats after traumatic brain injury

2006 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
J GAO ◽  
D PROUGH ◽  
D MCADOO ◽  
J GRADY ◽  
M PARSLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Neural Stem Cells

Activation of endogenous neural stem cells after traumatic brain injury

The Lancet ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
pp. S18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminul Ahmed ◽  
Anan Shtaya ◽  
Malik Zaben ◽  
William Gray
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Endogenous Neural Stem Cells

Stem Cell Studies in Traumatic Brain Injury

Neurotrauma ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 373-386
Author(s):  
Dong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Structural Repair ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Endogenous Neural Stem Cells

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health concern, with limited treatment options available. Despite improving survival rates after TBI, there is no effective treatment to improve the neural structural repair and functional recovery of patients. Neural regeneration through neural stem cells, either by stimulating endogenous neural stem cells or by stem cell transplantation, has gained increasing attention as a potential strategy to repair and regenerate the injured brain. This chapter summarizes strategies that have been explored to enhance endogenous neural stem cells-mediated regeneration and recent developments in cell transplantation studies for post-TBI brain repair with varying types of cell sources.

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