The correlation between actual blood concentration of propofol and the difference of estimated lean body mass with actual lean body mass in target controlled infusion

Objective To compare, in Chinese continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, the creatinine kinetics method (LBM-CK) and the anthropometric method (LBM-AM) for determining lean body mass (LBM). Design Single-center cross-sectional study. Patients and Methods We studied 151 unselected CAPD patients (78 males, 73 females). We calculated LBM-CK and LBM-AM using standard formulas. The results of the two methods were then compared by the Bland and Altman method. Dialysis adequacy and other nutritional indices, including total Kt/V, weekly creatinine clearance (CCr), residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR), protein nitrogen appearance (PNA), subjective global assessment (SGA), and serum albumin, were measured simultaneously. Results The mean age of the patients was 55.6 ± 12.2 years, and the mean duration of dialysis was 33.6 ± 28.5 months. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.7 ± 3.7. The average LBM-AM was 43.6 ± 8.0 kg; the average LBM-CK was 33.0 ± 9.3 kg. The difference between the calculated LBM-AM and LBM-CK was 10.7 kg, with LBM-AM always giving a higher value; the limits of agreement were –5.8 kg and 27.1 kg. The difference between the two measures correlated with residual GFR (Pearson r = 0.629, p < 0.001). After normalizing for desired body weight, LBM-AM was only modestly correlated with serum albumin level. No correlations were found between overall SGA score or normalized protein nitrogen appearance (nPNA) and LBM-AM or LBM-CK. Conclusions In Chinese patients at least, a substantial discrepancy exists between LBM-AM and LBM-CK. The difference is especially marked in patients with significant residual renal function. The optimal method for determining LBM remains obscure in Chinese CAPD patients. Moreover, LBM correlated poorly with other nutritional indices. Multiple parameters should be taken into consideration in an assessment of nutritional status of CAPD patients.

Download Full-text

β-Adrenergic blockade counteracts starvational ketosis, but aggravates post-exercise ketosis in non-athletes

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1190167 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 119 (1) ◽

pp. 167-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Y. A. K. Vahed ◽

J. H. Koeslag ◽

J. de V. Lochner

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Body Mass ◽

Blood Concentration ◽

Adrenergic Blockade ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Glucose Ingestion ◽

Propranolol Administration ◽

The Difference

ABSTRACT Post-exercise ketosis is not abolished by glucose ingestion immediately after exercise but is counteracted by simultaneous β-adrenergic blockade. To investigate the effect of β-adrenergic blockade on post-exercise ketosis without the ingestion of glucose, we administered propranolol (1 mg/kg body mass) to 15 carbohydrate-starved people, of whom five had just walked 9 km in 2 h. There were 43 control subjects (no propranolol). The blood concentration of 3-hydroxybutyrate rose from 0·18 ± 0·02 (s.e.m.) mmol/l at 07.00 h to 0·35 ±0 04 mmol/l at 09.00 h whether the subjects had exercised during those 2 h or not (d.f. = 57). The blood concentration of 3-hydroxybutyrate at 15.00 h in the groups not treated with propranolol was not affected by exercise (0·95 ± 0·90 mmol/l; d.f. = 42). Propranolol significantly raised the concentration of 3-hydroxybutyrate at 15.00 h to 1·68 ±0·26 mmol/l when given after exercise (d.f. = 4), but lowered it to 0·46 ±0·07 mmol/l in the non-exercised group (d.f. = 9). This was not accompanied by significant differences in the blood concentrations of glucose, free fatty acid, insulin or glucagon. The difference in response to propranolol administration is probably determined by the alanine and lactate flux from muscle for hepatic oxaloacetate synthesis. J. Endocr. (1988) 119, 167–171

Download Full-text

O-B05 Does rapid or gradual weight loss following bariatric surgery affect lean body mass depreciation?

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab429.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_9) ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan Sivakumar ◽

Qianyu Chen ◽

Matthew Read ◽

Tom Sutherland ◽

Salena Ward ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Resting Energy Expenditure ◽

Skeletal Muscle Index ◽

The Difference

Abstract Background Controversy exists regarding the influence of the rate of weight loss on long-term body composition. The objective of this study was to compare body composition changes in patients with successful and unsuccessful weight loss 12 months after bariatric surgery. Methods A prospective analysis was completed on patients undergoing bariatric surgery at St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne between 2017 and 2021. Body composition was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry immediately before surgery, and at 12 months post-operatively. Fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) trajectories were analysed between patients, with either successful weight loss (SWL) or unsuccessful weight loss (USWL) stratified based on an excess weight loss (EWL) threshold of ≥ 50%. Results Thirty-seven patients were included in this series (SWL n = 25, USWL n = 12). Compared to those with USWL, SWL demonstrated a greater mean loss in BMI (12.3 vs 7.3 kg/m2; p < 0.001) and weight (34.4 vs 20.3 kg; p < 0.001). SWL demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in tissue fat% than USWL, with patients losing 7.3% more tissue fat on average. SWL was associated with an improved mean SMI% when compared with USWL (5.5 vs. 2.42%; p < 0.0009). However, the difference in FM:LBM loss ratio between the two groups did not demonstrate statistical significance (7.07 vs 4.62, p = 0.2519). Conclusions This data suggests that SWL is associated with a more optimal body composition outcome than USWL, which is at least partly due to a relative skeletal muscle-sparing effect in this group. Further research is warranted in understanding the implications of these changes on resting energy expenditure and the risk of weight regain.

Download Full-text

Body fat from body density: underwater weighing vs. dual-photon absorptiometry

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1989.256.6.e829 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 256 (6) ◽

pp. E829-E834 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J. Wang ◽

S. B. Heymsfield ◽

M. Aulet ◽

J. C. Thornton ◽

R. N. Pierson

Keyword(s):

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Dual Photon Absorptiometry ◽

Photon Absorptiometry ◽

Translation Table ◽

The Difference ◽

Total Body ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Total Body Bone Mineral ◽

Body Bone

We measured fat in 286 healthy volunteers by underwater weighing (FUWW) and dual-photon absorptiometry (FDPA) to develop a translation table for the differing results from these entirely different techniques and to study the sources of these differences. In 99 males and 187 females aged 19-94 yr, fatness was 7-47%. Prediction equations are presented for FUWW-FDPA (delta F), density of lean body mass (DLBM), and FDPA. FUWW and FDPA were significantly different from each other (P less than 0.01). Calculated DLBM is less than the assumed constant of 1.10 (P less than 0.01), ranging widely from 1.05 to 1.13 and being highly correlated with the ratio of total body bone mineral to lean body mass (TBBM/LBM). delta F, the differences between FUWW and FDPA measurements in individual subjects, varied widely (-7 to +11% in males and -18 to +13% in females). The difference was positively correlated with the DLBM. FUWW was no better than anthropometrics in equations for predicting FDPA. The FDPA predicted from anthropometrics showed smaller standard errors than when FUWW was used. Neither anthropometrics nor FUWW equations are clearly superior to those previously available.

Download Full-text

Total body water and lean body mass estimated by ethanol dilution

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1977.42.6.803 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 803-808 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

J. A. Loeppky ◽

L. G. Myhre ◽

M. D. Venters ◽

U. C. Luft

Keyword(s):

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Total Body Water ◽

Body Water ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Mean Values ◽

Water Fraction ◽

Hydrostatic Weighing ◽

The Difference ◽

Total Body

Total body water (TBW) was determined on 35 subjects with a tritium (HTO) and an ethanol (ETH) dilution method, the latter using breath analyses for blood ethanol content. Lean body mass (LBM) was estimated by hydrostatic weighing. Mean values for water fraction (TBW/wt) were 0.618 +/- 0.05 with HTO and 0.603 +/- 0.06 with ETH. The difference was not significant. The correlation between the two methods was highly significant (r = 0.90, SEE = 3.5 liters, P less than 0.0001). High correlations were also found between TBW and LBM with either method for TBW (r = 0.94 with HTO, r = 0.91 with ETH). Mean values for TBW/LBM were 0.735 with HTO and 0.717 with ETH. The ETH method compares favorably with the HTO, it has the advantage that it is nonradioactive and can be repeated daily if necessary.

Download Full-text