scholarly journals O-B05 Does rapid or gradual weight loss following bariatric surgery affect lean body mass depreciation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sivakumar ◽  
Qianyu Chen ◽  
Matthew Read ◽  
Tom Sutherland ◽  
Salena Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Controversy exists regarding the influence of the rate of weight loss on long-term body composition. The objective of this study was to compare body composition changes in patients with successful and unsuccessful weight loss 12 months after bariatric surgery. Methods A prospective analysis was completed on patients undergoing bariatric surgery at St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne between 2017 and 2021. Body composition was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry immediately before surgery, and at 12 months post-operatively. Fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) trajectories were analysed between patients, with either successful weight loss (SWL) or unsuccessful weight loss (USWL) stratified based on an excess weight loss (EWL) threshold of ≥ 50%. Results Thirty-seven patients were included in this series (SWL n = 25, USWL n = 12). Compared to those with USWL, SWL demonstrated a greater mean loss in BMI (12.3 vs 7.3 kg/m2; p < 0.001) and weight (34.4 vs 20.3 kg; p < 0.001). SWL demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in tissue fat% than USWL, with patients losing 7.3% more tissue fat on average. SWL was associated with an improved mean SMI% when compared with USWL (5.5 vs. 2.42%; p < 0.0009). However, the difference in FM:LBM loss ratio between the two groups did not demonstrate statistical significance (7.07 vs 4.62, p = 0.2519). Conclusions This data suggests that SWL is associated with a more optimal body composition outcome than USWL, which is at least partly due to a relative skeletal muscle-sparing effect in this group. Further research is warranted in understanding the implications of these changes on resting energy expenditure and the risk of weight regain.

scholarly journals Effect of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Circulating Myokine Levels Compared with the Effect of Bariatric Surgery or a Low-Calorie Diet in Patients with Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajoux ◽  
Lorenzo ◽  
Gomez-Arbelaez ◽  
Zulet ◽  
Abete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Regulation Of Metabolism ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Induced Changes

: The preservation of muscle mass and muscle function after weight loss therapy is currently a considerable challenge in the fight against obesity. Muscle mass secretes proteins called myokines that have relevant functions in the regulation of metabolism and health. This study was aimed to evaluate whether a very low-calorie ketogenic (VLCK) diet may modulate myokine levels, in addition to changes in body composition, compared to a standard, balanced low-calorie (LC) diet or bariatric surgery in patients with obesity. Body composition, ketosis, insulin sensitivity and myokines were evaluated in 79 patients with overweight/obesity after a therapy to lose weight with a VLCK diet, a LC diet or bariatric surgery. The follow-up was 6 months. The weight loss therapies induced changes in myokine levels in association with changes in body composition and biochemical parameters. The effects on circulating myokine levels compared to those at baseline were stronger after the VLCK diet than LC diet or bariatric surgery. Differences reached statistical significance for IL-8, MMP2 and irisin. In conclusion, nutritional interventions or bariatric surgery to lose weight induces changes in circulating myokine levels, being this effect potentially most notable after following a VLCK diet.

Cancer Cachexia in the Age of Obesity: Skeletal Muscle Depletion Is a Powerful Prognostic Factor, Independent of Body Mass Index

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1539-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Martin ◽  
Laura Birdsell ◽  
Neil MacDonald ◽  
Tony Reiman ◽  
M. Thomas Clandinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Muscle Attenuation

Purpose Emerging evidence suggests muscle depletion predicts survival of patients with cancer. Patients and Methods At a cancer center in Alberta, Canada, consecutive patients with cancer (lung or GI; N = 1,473) were assessed at presentation for weight loss history, lumbar skeletal muscle index, and mean muscle attenuation (Hounsfield units) by computed tomography (CT). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Concordance (c) statistics were used to test predictive accuracy of survival models. Results Body mass index (BMI) distribution was 17% obese, 35% overweight, 36% normal weight, and 12% underweight. Patients in all BMI categories varied widely in weight loss, muscle index, and muscle attenuation. Thresholds defining associations between these three variables and survival were determined using optimal stratification. High weight loss, low muscle index, and low muscle attenuation were independently prognostic of survival. A survival model containing conventional covariates (cancer diagnosis, stage, age, performance status) gave a c statistic of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.79), whereas a model ignoring conventional variables and including only BMI, weight loss, muscle index, and muscle attenuation gave a c statistic of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.88 to 0.95; P < .001). Patients who possessed all three of these poor prognostic variables survived 8.4 months (95% CI, 6.5 to 10.3), regardless of whether they presented as obese, overweight, normal weight, or underweight, in contrast to patients who had none of these features, who survived 28.4 months (95% CI, 24.2 to 32.6; P < .001). Conclusion CT images reveal otherwise occult muscle depletion. Patients with cancer who are cachexic by the conventional criterion (involuntary weight loss) and by two additional criteria (muscle depletion and low muscle attenuation) share a poor prognosis, regardless of overall body weight.

scholarly journals Association of Body Composition and Sarcopenia with NASH in Obese Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3445
Author(s):  
Sophia Marie-Therese Schmitz ◽  
Lena Schooren ◽  
Andreas Kroh ◽  
Alexander Koch ◽  
Christine Stier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
P Values

Obese patients often suffer from sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity (SO) that can trigger inflammatory diseases including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Sarcopenia and SO can be diagnosed through measuring parameters of body composition such as skeletal muscle mass (SMM), skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat mass (FM) obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of body composition and NASH in patients with obesity. A total of 138 patients with obesity that underwent bariatric surgery were included in this study. BIA was used to estimate body composition. A liver biopsy was taken intraoperatively and histological assessment of NASH was performed. A total of 23 patients (17%) were classified as NASH and 65 patients (47%) met the criteria for borderline NASH. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in patients with NASH compared to borderline NASH and no NASH (56.3 kg/m2 vs. 51.6 kg/m2 vs. 48.6 kg/m2, p = 0.004). Concerning body composition, FM, but also SMM and SMI were significantly higher in patients with NASH (p-values 0.011, 0.005 and 0.006, resp.). Fat mass index (FMI) and weight-adjusted skeletal muscle index (SMI_weight) failed to reach statistical significance (p-values 0.067 and 0.661). In patients with obesity, higher FM were associated with NASH. Contrary to expectations, SMM and SMI were also higher in patients with NASH. Therefore, higher body fat, rather than sarcopenia and SO, might be decisive for development of NASH in patients with obesity.

Body Composition Analysis in Bariatric Surgery: Use of Air Displacement Plethysmograph

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Huettner ◽  
Charalambos K. Rammos ◽  
Danuta I. Dynda ◽  
Melinda L. Lange ◽  
J. Stephen Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Excess Weight Loss ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mass Percent ◽  
Mass Losses

Body weight, body mass index (BMI), and percent excess weight loss are used to assess patient outcomes after bariatric surgery; however, they provide little insight into the true nature of the patient's weight loss. Body composition measurements monitor fat versus lean mass losses to permit interventions to reduce or avoid lean body mass loss after bariatric surgery. A retrospective review of patients who underwent bariatric surgery between 2002 and 2008 was performed. Patients underwent body composition testing via air displacement plethysmography before and after surgery (6 and 12 months). Body composition changes were assessed and compared with the BMI. Results include 330 patients (54 male, 276 female). Average preoperative weight was 139 kg, BMI was 50 kg/m2, fat percentage was 55 per cent, and lean mass percent was 45 per cent. Twelve months after surgery average weight was 90 kg, mean BMI was 32 kg/m2, fat percentage was 38 per cent, and lean mass percent was 62 per cent. Body composition measurements help monitor fat losses versus lean mass gains after bariatric surgery. This may give a better assessment of the patient's health and metabolic state than either BMI or excess weight loss and permits intervention if weight loss results in lean mass losses.

scholarly journals Energy expenditure and body composition in children with Crohn’s disease: effect of enteral nutrition and treatment with prednisolone

Gut ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Azcue ◽  
M Rashid ◽  
A Griffiths ◽  
P B Pencharz
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Compartments

Background—Malnutrition and growth retardation are common complications of Crohn’s disease in children. The contribution of resting energy expenditure (REE) to malnutrition is unclear.Aims—To characterise the REE and body composition in children with Crohn’s disease and compare them with normal controls and patients with anorexia nervosa; to compare the effects of prednisolone and enteral nutrition on energy expenditure and body composition.Subjects—Twenty four children with Crohn’s disease, 19 malnourished females with anorexia nervosa, and 22 healthy control subjects were studied.Methods—In children with Crohn’s disease measurements were done when the disease was acute and repeated at one and three months after treatment with either prednisolone or enteral nutrition. Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry and body composition by anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, total body potassium, H218O, and bromide space studies.Results—Body weight and ideal body weight were significantly lower in patients with Crohn’s disease than in healthy controls. Lean tissue was depleted and there was an increase in extracellular water. Per unit of lean body mass, there was no difference between REE in patients with Crohn’s disease and controls, whereas patients with anorexia nervosa had significantly reduced REE. With enteral nutrition all body compartments and REE increased significantly (p<0.001). In a subgroup of age-matched men there was a significant increase in height after three months of enteral nutrition compared with prednisolone (p<0.01). Those treated with steroids did not show a significant change in height but did show an increase in all body compartments. However, intracellular water as well as lean body mass accretion were significantly higher in the enteral nutrition group than in the prednisolone group.Conclusions—Despite being malnourished, children with Crohn’s disease fail to adapt their REE per unit of lean body mass. This might be a factor contributing to their malnutrition. Lean tissue accretion is higher in patients treated with enteral nutrition than in those treated with prednisolone.

scholarly journals Comparação entre dois modelos de treinamento sobre o gasto energético de repouso e a composição corporal de adolescentes com obesidade

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Bruno Affonso Parenti de Oliveira ◽  
Fabrício Eduardo Rossi ◽  
Camila Buonani ◽  
Tiego Aparecido Diniz ◽  
Paula Alves Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Functional Training ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Training Models ◽  
Male Adolescents

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n3p268 Different types of physical activity programs have been used with the purpose of improving body composition and increasing resting energy expenditure (REE) in obese adolescents. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two training models on REE and body composition in this population. The study included 20 obese male adolescents, who were randomly assigned to follow two training models: strength training (n=8, age=13,4±1.0) and functional training (n=12, age= 13.0±1.1). Body composition variables were estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. REE was assessed by indirect calorimetry using the QUARK-PFT equipment (COSMED, Rome, Italy). The training protocol consisted of 30 minutes of aerobic training followed by 30 minutes of strength training (ST) or functional training (FT), both with a duration of 20 weeks. There were no significant differences between the two training models with regard to body composition (fat mass, FT= -7.6±5.5% vs. ST= -8.9±6.2%; p=0.620), (lean body mass, FT= 9.0±5.3% vs. ST= 6.8±6.7%; p=0.431) and to REE (FT= 19.6±15.3% vs. ST= 10.7±24.5%; p=0.331). Moreover, lean body mass (p=0.01) and fat mass (0.01) had an influence on REE. No differences were observed between the two training models, but both were effective in improving body composition and increasing REE in obese adolescents. Furthermore, the present study showed the importance of systematic physical training, since lean body mass and fat mass contributed to the increase in REE after the training period. 

scholarly journals Body Composition Changes in Weight Loss: Strategies and Supplementation for Maintaining Lean Body Mass, a Brief Review

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryn Willoughby ◽  
Susan Hewlings ◽  
Douglas Kalman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Improve Body Composition ◽  
Weight Loss Strategies ◽  
Common Weight

With over two-thirds (71.6%) of the US adult population either overweight or obese, many strategies have been suggested for weight loss. While many are successful, the weight loss is often accompanied by a loss in lean body mass. This loss in lean body mass has multiple negative health implications. Therefore, weight loss strategies that protect lean body mass are of value. It is challenging to consume a significant caloric deficit while maintaining lean body mass regardless of macronutrient distribution. Therefore, the efficacy of various dietary supplements on body weight and body composition have been a topic of research interest. Chromium picolinate has been shown to improve body composition by maintaining lean body mass. In this paper we review some common weight loss strategies and dietary supplements with a focus on their impact on body composition and compare them to the effect of chromium picolinate.

scholarly journals Relationship between changes in serum myostatin and adiponectin in patients with obesity undergoing a weight loss program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Takao ◽  
Satoshi Kurose ◽  
Takumi Miyauchi ◽  
Katsuko Onishi ◽  
Atsuko Tamanoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Muscle Mass Loss ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Previously, we observed that adiponectin—an adipose tissue-derived hormone—was negatively correlated with muscle strength while myostatin—a myokine protein secreted by skeletal muscle—was positively correlated with appendicular lean mass. Albeit interesting, the relevance of these relationships is unclear. Thus, we aimed to examine the relationship between myostatin, adiponectin, and body composition in patients with obesity undergoing a weight loss program.Methods: We studied 66 patients with obesity (age: 46.8 ± 14.0 years, body mass index: 34.3 [31.0, 38.4] kg/m2) attending a hospital for a weight loss program. Participants were divided into those with weight reduction less than 5% (the L group) and greater than 5% (the M group) from the baseline. All patients underwent blood tests and were assessed for body composition, insulin resistance, adipocytokines, myokines, exercise tolerance, and muscle strength at baseline and after the program. Results: Serum myostatin and adiponectin levels increased after the program in both groups. Body weight and %fat decreased, and the rate of lean body mass (%LBM) increased in both groups. Exercise capacity and muscle strength improved in the M group only. Change in (⊿) myostatin correlated with ⊿%fat, ⊿%LBM, and ⊿adiponectin. ⊿adiponectin (β = -0.262, p = 0.035) as an independent predictor of ⊿myostatin. Conclusions: Myostatin and adiponectin might crosstalk and regulate changes in skeletal muscle and fat mass. These findings might predict the effects of weight loss and prevent skeletal muscle mass loss by evaluating serum myostatin and adiponectin in clinical practice.

scholarly journals P112 Body composition and resting energy expenditure in IBD patients receiving biological therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S191-S192
Author(s):  
D Vranesic Bender ◽  
L Cengic ◽  
D Ljubas Kelecic ◽  
I Karas ◽  
A Grbin Hodžić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Biological Therapy ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy

Abstract Background As a feature of changing phenotype of IBD in the last decade, we observe increased rates of obesity and increased BMI values as well as changes in body composition. Special interest is the impact of biological therapy on body composition and prevalence of obesity in IBD patients, since the data on this topic are limited. The aim of this study was to determine body composition and resting energy expenditure of patients treated with biological therapy. Methods The study included 74 patients (39 male and 35 female) at the Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb (52 patients with Crohn’s disease and 22 with ulcerative colitis) treated with infliximab/adalimumab/ustekinumab/vedolizumab. Resting energy expenditure was measured by the indirect calorimetry (Cosmed Quark CPET) and compared with the predicted resting energy expenditure calculated using Harris-Benedict equation. Detailed medical and nutritional anamnesis was taken and we measured the following body composition parameters using TANITA body composition analyser, BC-420MA: body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), visceral fat rating (VFR), muscle mass (MM) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated. Results Increased BMI was observed in 32% of the patients, while 41% of the whole sample had an increased FM. The mean value of skeletal muscle index (SMI) was 9,061,15 kg m−2 and it revealed the presence of moderate sarcopenia in 32 patients (43%), of which 30 were men. Indirect calorimetry (IC) obtained the value of resting energy expenditure (REE), with the measured REE (1569,81240,95 kcal) on average significantly lower than predicted (1640,36255,28 kcal), t(73)=−3.023, p &lt; 0.05. The results of this study revealed a significant prevalence of moderate sarcopenia in men, increased body mass and fat mass, and slightly lowered resting energy expenditure. There was no significant difference between body composition parameters and REE between different types of biological therapy. Conclusion The incidence of classical forms of malnutrition in this group of patients is significantly lower in comparison with standard therapy and previous experience. Most of the patients were well nourished and we observed trends toward overweight and sarcopenic obesity in some patients. A slight decrease in REE in the whole sample could be a reflection of impact of biological therapy on fat tissue and profound modulation of lipid metabolism as well as decreased muscle mass and physical activity level of the patients.

Somatotype, Body Composition and Explosive Power of Athlete and Non-Athlete

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Saha Sukanta
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Explosive Power

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the effect of somatotype and body composition variables on leg explosive power of college level men students. The sample consisted of 500 young college students, divided into two groups: athletes (N= 250) undergoing Bachelor of Physical Education course whose mean age 23.86 ± 0.36 years; and non-athletes (N= 250) college students who do not take part regular physical activities and mean age 22.16 ± 0.88 years. The somatotype was assessed using the Heath & Carter method. Assessing body composition of the subject various anthropometric measurements were taken. Sargent vertical jump test was used to measure leg explosive power. The measures were compared between the two groups using the Student t-test for independent samples. The two groups differed significantly (p≤0.01) in terms of body weight, % body fat, lean body mass, % skeletal muscle mass and somatotype. The findings of the present study showing that athlete have higher mean values in leg explosive power (p≤0.01) than non-athlete. The leg explosive power was positively significantly (p≤0.01) correlated with % skeletal muscle mass, lean body mass, mesomorphy and ectomorphy components of somatotype; on the other hand body weight, height, % body fat, body surface area and endomorphy component of somatotype significantly (p≤0.01) negatively correlated. In conclusion, somatotype and body composition variables are important factors in determining leg explosive power.

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