Novel Compound Boosts Function, Lean Body Mass in the Elderly

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (16) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
PATRICE WENDLING
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Elderly

scholarly journals Relationship between Leg Strength and Balance and Lean Body Mass. Benefits for Active Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez ◽  
Wanesa Onetti-Onetti ◽  
Rui Sousa Mendes ◽  
José Luis Chinchilla-Minguet
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Strength Capacity

Physical activity (PA) can bring incalculable benefits to people throughout the aging process. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between the leg and arm strength, body composition and balance of elderly people. Twenty-one people (9 men and 12 women) over 60 years of age voluntarily participated in this study. Bioimpedance tests were carried out to obtain body mass data, manual dynamometer tests and the lower limbs test were conducted to obtain strength values, ​​and the stork balance stand test was conducted to assess static balance. As a result, medium-high correlation coefficients were obtained between the aforementioned dependent variables. The highest value corresponded to the relationship between the results of the dominant hand strength test (right hand in all participants) and the lean body mass (LBM) of the participant (R2 = 75%, p < 0.001). The results indicated that strength capacity, recorded by dynamometry, and balance ability have a direct relationship with the body composition of the subject, especially with their lean body mass. These data suggest that a greater lean body mass can provide greater strength and balance in the elderly, so it would improve or have greater duration the functionality and independence of the person, thereby justifying direct benefits in people and indirect benefits in public administrations that finance these social issues.

scholarly journals Assessment and definition of lean body mass deficiency in the elderly

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1220-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Müller ◽  
C Geisler ◽  
M Pourhassan ◽  
C-C Glüer ◽  
A Bosy-Westphal
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals Indicadores antropométricos como instrumento de triagem para quedas em idosos

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Drielly Soares Freitas ◽  
Juleimar Soares Coelho de Amorim ◽  
Renata Maciulis Dip ◽  
Marcos Aparecido Sarria Cabrera ◽  
Mara Solange Gomes Dellaroza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n5p530 Anthropometric indicators enable professionals for predicting risk of falls in the elderly; however, there is a gap in literature on reference values. This study analyzes anthropometric indicators such as screening tests for falls in the elderly. Cross-sectional population-based systematic sampling was conducted through a household survey and body composition assessment. Anthropometric measurements were performed using portable electronic scale and stadiometer. Bioimpedance device was used to measure body mass index, body fat and lean body mass. Falls were evaluated in the 12 months preceding the interview as a dependent variable. Discriminatory analysis was performed for falls through the ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Overall, 275 older adults participated in this study, whose prevalence of falls was 23.6%. The average body mass index was 27.8kg/cm2 and 52.1% of individuals were overweight. Among older men, height (ROC=0.68; 95%CI 0.54-0.78) and lean body mass (ROC=0.63, 95%CI 0.58- 0.76) were associated to the occurrence of falls. When considering cutoff of 52.2kg and 166cm, sensitivity was obtained in 75% and high negative predictive values (88.1% and 89.1% respectively). For women, lean body mass (ROC=0.61, 95%CI 0.30-0.49) and body mass (ROC=0.60, 95%CI 0.53-0.72) were relevant from the optimal cutoff point of 28.9% and 57.2kg/m2. Lean body mass was more sensitive (63.2%) and body mass little more specific (64.3%), both with high negative predictive values (82.0% and 83.0%). The indicators used were able to discriminate older adults who have suffered from falls. 

Free fatty acid and glucose metabolism in human aging: evidence for operation of the Randle cycle

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (3) ◽  
pp. E501-E509 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
L. C. Groop ◽  
D. C. Simonson ◽  
R. A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Plasma Ffa

We assessed insulin effects on plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and glucose metabolism in seven elderly (71 +/- 2 yr) and in seven younger (21 +/- 1 yr) subjects matched for body weight and body mass index but not for percent body fat (32.4 +/- 3.8% in elderly vs. 20.4 +/- 3.5% in young, P < 0.05), by performing sequential euglycemic clamps at five insulin doses (0.6, 1.5, 3, 6, and 15 pmol.min-1.kg-1) in combination with indirect calorimetry and [1-14C]palmitate plus [3-3H]glucose infusion. At baseline, plasma FFA concentration, turnover infusion. At baseline, plasma FFA concentration, turnover and oxidation, and total lipid oxidation were all increased in the elderly (897 +/- 107 vs. 412 +/- 50 mumol/l and 11.2 +/- 1.4 vs. 5.14 +/- 0.86, 3.45 +/- 0.65 vs. 1.37 +/- 0.25, and 4.63 +/- 0.72 vs. 3.01 +/- 0.33 mumol.min-1.kg-1 lean body mass, P < 0.05 for all comparisons), whereas glucose turnover was similar as a result of decreased glucose oxidation (8.2 +/- 1.4 vs. 13 +/- 1.9 mumol.min-1.kg-1 lean body mass, P < 0.05) and increased glucose storage (6.6 +/- 1.4 vs. 1.7 +/- 1.3 mmol.min-1.kg-1 lean body mass, P < 0.05). At all insulin infusions, plasma FFA concentration, turnover and oxidation, and total lipid oxidation were higher in the elderly than in the younger group (P < 0.05). However, if normalized per fat mass, all FFA and lipid metabolic fluxes, both in the postabsorptive state and during hyperinsulinemia, were comparable in the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Changes of weight and body composition after gastrectomy in the elderly gastric cancer patients.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 89-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenki Segami ◽  
Toru Aoyama ◽  
Yukio Maezawa ◽  
Kazuki Kano ◽  
Tsutomu Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

89 Background: Body weight, especially lean body mass, significantly reduces after gastrectomy for gastric cancer due to surgical invasion, reduced food intake, or decreased mobility, which could decrease quality of life and toxicity / compliance of adjuvant chemotherapy. These risks might be high especially in the elderly gastric cancer patients. However, it remains unclear whether changes of weight and body composition are different between the elderly and the non-elderly. Methods: This retrospective study examined patients who underwent curative surgery for gastric cancer between June 2010 and March 2014. Body weight and composition were evaluated by a bioelectrical impedance analyzer within 1 week before surgery (first measurement), at 1 week after surgery (second measurement), at 1 month after surgery (third measurement), and at 3 months after surgery (forth measurement). Patients were classified to the elderly (> 75 years) and the non-elderly ( < 75 years). Results: Four-hundred forty three patients (100 for the elderly and 343 for the non-elderly) were entered in the present study. Patients backgrounds, surgical factors, clinicopathological factors, surgical complications and adjuvant chemotherapy were not significantly different between the two groups. %Body weight loss until 1week, 1month, 3 months after surgery, defined as the proportion of the difference between 1st measurement and each measurement after surgery against 1st measurement, was 3.3%, 6.6%, and 9.7%, respectively in the elderly and 3.7%, 5.4%, and 8.2%, respectively in the non-elderly with significant difference (p = 0.05, 0.01, and 0.01, respectively). %Lean body mass loss until 1 week, 1 month, 3 months after surgery was 3.2%, 5.6%, and 6.1%, respectively in the elderly and 3.2%, 4.5%, and 4.2%, respectively in the non-elderly with p value of 0.36, 0.08, and 0.01, respectively. %Fat loss was not significantly different between the two groups at any time. Conclusions: Decreases in body weight and lean body mass after gastrectomy were more serious in the elderly patients as compared with the non-elderly. Surgical indication for the elderly must be carefully determined considering the risk and the benefit.

scholarly journals Dietary protein and exercise for preservation of lean mass and perspectives on type 2 diabetes prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 244 (12) ◽  
pp. 992-1004
Author(s):  
Maysa Vieira de Sousa ◽  
Diana Bento da Silva Soares ◽  
Elaine Reis Caraça ◽  
Ronaldo Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Nutritional Interventions

Sedentary lifestyle and aging favor the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes and their comorbidities. The loss of lean body mass reduces muscle strength, resulting in impaired functional capacity and leading to increased risks of chronic diseases with advancing age. Besides aging, conditions such as inappetence, social isolation, and inadequate dietary intake cause the loss of lean body mass and increased abdominal fatty mass, resulting in sarcopenic obesity and predisposition to type 2 diabetes. Compared to younger people, this condition is more common in the elderly owing to natural changes in body composition associated with aging. Lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and improved dietary behaviors are effective for preventing the occurrence of comorbidities. Regarding muscle nutrition, besides caloric adequacy, meeting the requirements for the consumption of dietary amino acids and proteins is important for treating sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity because muscle tissue mainly consists of proteins and is, therefore, the largest reservoir of amino acids in the body. Thus, this review discusses the effects of dietary protein on the preservation of lean body mass, improvements in the functional capacity of muscle tissue, and prevention of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. In addition, we address the effects of regular physical training associated with dietary protein strategies on lean body mass, body fat loss, and muscle strength in the elderly at a risk for type 2 diabetes development. Impact statement Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide health problem associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle, which predisposes affected individuals to mortality and morbidity. Additionally, aging and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors increase inflammation and insulin resistance, contributing to the reduction of cytokines related to muscle nutrition and the suppression of lipogenesis, resulting in the development of sarcopenic obesity. One strategy for the prevention of T2D is the avoidance of secondary aging by participating in healthy action programs, including exercise and nutritional interventions. This minireview of several studies demonstrates the impact of physical activity and nutritional interventions on gaining or preserving muscle mass and on the functional aspects of muscles with aging. It provides information on the effect of protein, leucine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), and creatine supplementation on muscle mass, strength, and volume gain and on the prevention of the progressive decrease in muscle mass with aging in combination with maintaining regular physical activity.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of physical frailty during ageing in wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii )

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1811) ◽  
pp. 20190607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Emery Thompson ◽  
Zarin P. Machanda ◽  
Stephanie A. Fox ◽  
Kris H. Sabbi ◽  
Emily Otali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Longitudinal Dataset

While declining physical performance is an expected consequence of ageing, human clinical research has placed increasing emphasis on physical frailty as a predictor of death and disability in the elderly. We examined non-invasive measures approximating frailty in a richly sampled longitudinal dataset on wild chimpanzees. Using urinary creatinine to assess lean body mass, we found moderate but significant declines in physical condition with age in both sexes. While older chimpanzees spent less of their day in the trees and feeding, they did not alter activity budgets with respect to travel or resting. There was little evidence that declining lean body mass had negative consequences independent of age. Old chimpanzees with poor lean body mass rested more often but did not otherwise differ in activity. Males, but not females, in poor condition were more likely to exhibit respiratory illness. Poor muscle mass was associated acutely with death in males, but it did not predict future mortality in either sex. While there may be some reasons to suspect biological differences in the susceptibility to frailty in chimpanzees versus humans, our data are consistent with recent reports from humans that lean, physically active individuals can successfully combat frailty. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution of the primate ageing process’.

Nonexercise movement in elderly compared with young people

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. E1207-E1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Harris ◽  
Lorraine M. Lanningham-Foster ◽  
Shelly K. McCrady ◽  
James A. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Young Subjects

The association between free-living daily activity and aging is unclear because nonexercise movement and its energetic equivalent, nonexercise activity thermogenesis, have not been exhaustively studied in the elderly. We wanted to address the hypothesis that free-living nonexercise movement is lower in older individuals compared with younger controls matched for lean body mass. Ten lean, healthy, sedentary elderly and 10 young subjects matched for lean body mass underwent measurements of nonexercise movement and body posture over 10 days using sensitive, validated technology. In addition, energy expenditure was assessed using doubly labeled water and indirect calorimetry. Total nonexercise movement (acceleration arbitrary units), standing time, and standing acceleration were significantly lower in the elderly subjects; this was specifically because the elderly walked less distance per day despite having a similar number of walking bouts per day compared with the young individuals. The energetic cost of basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, total daily energy expenditure, and nonexercise activity thermogenesis were not different between the elderly and young groups. Thus, the energetic cost of walking in the elderly may be greater than in the young. Lean, healthy elderly individuals may have a biological drive to be less active than the young.

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