scholarly journals Trauma patients' rights during resuscitation

Curationis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Moral Conflicts ◽  
Resuscitation Room ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
Hospital Emergency Departments

Doctors and nurses working in hospital emergency departments face ethical and moral conflicts more so than in other health care units. Traditional curricular approaches to health professional education have been embedded in a discriminatory societal context and as such have not prepared health professionals adequately for the ethical realities of their practice. Furthermore, the discourse on ethical theories and ethical principles do not provide clear-cut solutions to ethical dilemmas but rather serve as a guide to ethical decision- making. Within the arena of trauma and resuscitation, fundamental ethical principles such as respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice cannot be taken as absolutes as these may in themselves create moral conflict. Resuscitation room activities require a balance between what is “ ethically" correct and what is “pragmatically required” . Because of the urgent nature of a resuscitation event, this balance is often under threat, with resultant transgression of patients’ rights. This article explores the sources of ethical and moral issues in trauma care and proposes a culture of human rights to provide a context for preserving and protecting trauma patients’ rights during resuscitation. Recommendations for education and research are alluded to in concluding the article.

Characteristics of graduate professional education: expectations and experiences in psychology and law

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit Karseth ◽  
Tone Dyrdal Solbrekke
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Professional Work ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Disciplinary Knowledge ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Moral Conflicts ◽  
Psychology And Law ◽  
Law And Psychology ◽  
Academic Content

This paper argues that there are some common characteristics that define what we label graduate professional programmes. By analysing two programmes, law and psychology—as experienced by the students—it becomes obvious that while the programmes educate their students well in the academic aspects of professional work, they do not prepare students sufficiently for dealing with moral conflicts and complex moral challenges. Although there are substantial differences between the two programmes, they reflect cultural characteristics of the academy with its emphasis on the authority of disciplinary knowledge. The findings suggest that while there are critical challenges for professional graduate programmes to keep up to date with the academic content, there are also even larger challenges in preparing students more adequately for dealing with practical and moral issues.

Children and Terror Casualties Receive Preference in ICU Admissions

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobi Peleg ◽  
Michael Rozenfeld ◽  
Eran Dolev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Trauma Centers ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Level I ◽  
Hospital Emergency Departments ◽  
Trauma Type

ABSTRACTObjective: Trauma casualties caused by terror-related events and children injured as a result of trauma may be given preference in hospital emergency departments (EDs) due to their perceived importance. We investigated whether there are differences in the treatment and hospitalization of terror-related casualties compared to other types of injury events and between children and adults injured in terror-related events.Methods: Retrospective study of 121 608 trauma patients from the Israel Trauma Registry during the period of October 2000-December 2005. Of the 10 hospitals included in the registry, 6 were level I trauma centers and 4 were regional trauma centers. Patients who were hospitalized or died in the ED or were transferred between hospitals were included in the registry.Results: All analyses were controlled for Injury Severity Score (ISS). All patients with ISS 1-24 terror casualties had the highest frequency of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions when compared with patients after road traffic accidents (RTA) and other trauma. Among patients with terror-related casualties, children were admitted to ICU disproportionally to the severity of their injury. Logistic regression adjusted for injury severity and trauma type showed that both terror casualties and children have a higher probability of being admitted to the ICU.Conclusions: Injured children are admitted to ICU more often than other age groups. Also, terror-related casualties are more frequently admitted to the ICU compared to those from other types of injury events. These differences were not directly related to a higher proportion of severe injuries among the preferred groups.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:14–19)

The Ethics of Medical Tourism

2015 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Nader Ghotbi
Keyword(s):  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Therapeutic Massage ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Almost All

Medical tourism is rapidly growing. There are various reasons for this form of travel; from having life-saving surgery, receiving organ transplants and other vital operations, to therapeutic massage, using hot spas, and cosmetic surgery, and from receiving assistance with infertility to assisted suicide services at particular destinations. Some forms of medical tourism have strong ethical issues attached to them, but there are also ethical issues that may apply to almost all cases, and these can be discussed in a general way. This chapter discusses fundamental definitions of the concepts and general ethical issues in medical tourism, and then explains in more detail some of the moral issues in medical tourism that need to be examined from an ethical standpoint. The chapter establishes common ground for discussion based on broadly accepted principles that can be used almost universally as general guidelines for ethical decision-making in medical tourism activities.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Ethics

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keng Siau ◽  
Weiyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Machine Ethics ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Ai Ethics ◽  
Self Driving Cars

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based technology has achieved many great things, such as facial recognition, medical diagnosis, and self-driving cars. AI promises enormous benefits for economic growth, social development, as well as human well-being and safety improvement. However, the low-level of explainability, data biases, data security, data privacy, and ethical problems of AI-based technology pose significant risks for users, developers, humanity, and societies. As AI advances, one critical issue is how to address the ethical and moral challenges associated with AI. Even though the concept of “machine ethics” was proposed around 2006, AI ethics is still in the infancy stage. AI ethics is the field related to the study of ethical issues in AI. To address AI ethics, one needs to consider the ethics of AI and how to build ethical AI. Ethics of AI studies the ethical principles, rules, guidelines, policies, and regulations that are related to AI. Ethical AI is an AI that performs and behaves ethically. One must recognize and understand the potential ethical and moral issues that may be caused by AI to formulate the necessary ethical principles, rules, guidelines, policies, and regulations for AI (i.e., Ethics of AI). With the appropriate ethics of AI, one can then build AI that exhibits ethical behavior (i.e., Ethical AI). This paper will discuss AI ethics by looking at the ethics of AI and ethical AI. What are the perceived ethical and moral issues with AI? What are the general and common ethical principles, rules, guidelines, policies, and regulations that can resolve or at least attenuate these ethical and moral issues with AI? What are some of the necessary features and characteristics of an ethical AI? How to adhere to the ethics of AI to build ethical AI?

scholarly journals ÉTICA, DIREITO DE RESPOSTA E A ESTREIA DE LAURO JARDIM EM “O GLOBO”

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Daniel Dantas Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Question ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Right

Este trabalho discute questões ético-morais do jornalismo brasileiro, a partir dos princípios deontológicos da ANJ, da ANER e da FENAJ, especialmente com relação ao exercício do direito de resposta. Para tanto, retomamos a discussão da questão ética no jornalismo a partir da dimensão da parresia e da coragem da verdade em Foucault (2011) e discutimos noções de ética como o estudo das relações entre os sujeitos sociais e os princípios morais. Destacamos a resistência que as associações empresariais (ANJ e ANER) têm ao direito de resposta e sua implicação sobre a imagem de personagens denunciados pela imprensa.  Por fim, analisamos o episódio da estreia do jornalista Lauro Jardim como colunista de “O Globo” e o fato de sua principal manchete em primeira página ter sido objeto de uma errata menos de um mês depois no mesmo espaço editorial.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ética; Deontologia; Jornalismo; Lauro Jardim; O Globo.     ABSTRACT This paper discusses ethical-moral issues in Brazilian journalism, based on the ethical principles of ANJ, ANER and FENAJ, especially regarding the exercise of the right of reply. For that, we return to the discussion of the ethical question in journalism from the dimension of parrhesia and the courage of truth in Foucault (2011) and we discuss notions of ethics as the study of the relations between social subjects and moral principles. We emphasize the resistance that the business associations (ANJ and ANER) have to the right of reply and their implication on the image of characters denounced by the press. Finally, we analyze the episode of the debut of the journalist Lauro Jardim as a columnist for "O Globo" and the fact that his main headline on the first page was errata less than a month later in the same editorial space.   KEYWORDS: Ethics; Deontology; Journalism; Lauro Jardim; O Globo.     RESUMEN Este artículo describe las cuestiones éticas y morales del periodismo brasileño, a partir de los principios éticos de la ANJ, el Aner y la FENAJ, especialmente en relación con el ejercicio del derecho de respuesta. Por lo tanto, reanudamos la discusión de la ética en el periodismo desde el tamaño de parresía y el valor de la verdad en Foucault (2011) y se discuten las nociones de ética como el estudio de las relaciones entre los sujetos sociales y los principios morales. Destacamos la resistencia que las asociaciones empresariales (ANJ y Aner) tienen el derecho de réplica y su implicación en la imagen de los caracteres reportados por la prensa. Por último, se analiza el primer episodio de Lauro Jardim periodista y columnista de "El Globo" y el hecho de que su principal titular en la primera página han sido objeto de una corrección de errores de menos de un mes después en el mismo espacio editorial.   PALABRAS CLAVE: Ética; deontología; el periodismo; Lauro Jardim; O Globo.

scholarly journals Ethical dilemmas with little time for reflection: A discussion of the ethics of out-of-hospital refusals

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryson Galozo ◽  
Blair MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Dilemma ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Autonomous Decision ◽  
Medical Paternalism

In this article, we consider an approach for ethical decision-making for refusals in the out-of-hospital environment. Autonomy and beneficence are discussed as the two ethical principles central to guiding paramedic decision-making in this context. We describe some situations where the two principles may come into conflict and where the working paramedic may be faced with an ethical dilemma. These cases may involve temptations of medical paternalism, which we argue ought to be avoided if possible. A discussion on navigating between autonomy and beneficence will be presented in order to help paramedics sort through dilemmas when these principles conflict. We argue that when these principles are in conflict, autonomy should primarily be respected – however, we will examine situations where the principle of autonomy cannot be applied and the paramedic should either attempt to rectify the patient’s capacity for autonomous decision-making, or, if not possible, proceed with the principle of beneficence.

scholarly journals Predictive value of qSOFA score for death in emergency department resuscitation room among adult trauma patients:a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Huang ◽  
Peng Yang ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
Du Chen
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Study Endpoint ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Resuscitation Room ◽  
Failure Assessment ◽  
Qsofa Score

Abstract Background To explore the predictive value of the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score for death in the emergency department (ED) resuscitation room among adult trauma patients. Methods During the period November 1, 2016 to November 30, 2019, data was retrospectively collected of adult trauma patients triaged to the ED resuscitation room in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Death occurring in the ED resuscitation room was the study endpoint. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the association between qSOFA score and death. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also performed for death. Results A total of 1739 trauma victims were admitted, including 1695 survivors and 44 non-survivors. The death proportion raised with qSOFA score: 0.60% for qSOFA = 0, 3.28% for qSOFA = 1, 12.06% for qSOFA = 2, and 15.38% for qSOFA = 3, p < 0.001. Subgroup of qSOFA = 0 was used as a reference. In univariate analysis, crude OR for death with qSOFA = 1 was 5.65 [95% CI 2.25 to 14.24, p < 0.001], qSOFA = 2 was 22.85 [95% CI 8.84 to 59.04, p < 0.001], and qSOFA = 3 was 30.30 [95% CI 5.50 to 167.05, p < 0.001]. In multivariate analysis, with an adjusted OR (aOR) of 2.87 (95% CI 0.84 to 9.87, p = 0.094) for qSOFA = 1, aOR 6.80 (95% CI 1.79 to 25.90, p = 0.005) for qSOFA = 2, and aOR 24.42 (95% CI 3.67 to 162.27, p = 0.001) for qSOFA = 3. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) for predicting death in the ED resuscitation room among trauma patients was 0.78 [95% CI, 0.72–0.85]. Conclusions The qSOFA score can assess the severity of emergency trauma patients and has good predictive value for death in the ED resuscitation room.

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