Some aspects of the life cycle of the tick ixodes pilosus under laboratory conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Rechav
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
The Mean

Some aspects of the life cycle of the tick Ixodes pilosus were studied under laboratory conditions. The preoviposition period was 7,2 ± 0,6 d. Maximum egg production was on Day 4 after oviposition commenced, with total egg production of 2 395 ± 128,7 eggs per female. The mean feeding time of larvae was 3,3 ± 0,1 d. The life cycle could not be completed due to the specific requirements of this species.

THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE CARROT WEEVIL, LISTRONOTUS OREGONENSIS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (9) ◽  
pp. 931-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Martel ◽  
H. J. Svec ◽  
C. R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Listronotus Oregonensis ◽  
Carrot Weevil

AbstractLaboratory studies on the biology of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte), were performed at 21° and 27 °C. At 21 °C females laid eggs for 88 days on carrot slices and 94 days on foliage. Egg production per female averaged 156 and 175 on slices and leaves respectively. Eggs hatched after 8.3 days incubation and the larval stage comprising four instars was completed in 19.1 days. The prepupal and pupal stages lasted 3.7 and 9.4 days respectively. The complete life cycle including an average preoviposition period of 17 days was 57.6 days. Development was more rapid at 27 °C, with the complete life cycle taking only 37 days.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE FECUNDITY OF HYSSOPUS THYMUS (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE)

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 1327-1332
Author(s):  
Paul D. Syme
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Female Wasp ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Large Host

AbstractThe fecundity of Hyssopus thymus Girault females does not normally vary between generations within a single year, but differences frequently occur between years. A weighted mean annual fecundity of 14 eggs per female under laboratory conditions has been determined by pooling several years’ records, although the maximum number of eggs laid by a female was 130. A mean of 20 eggs per female was determined under quasinatural conditions. The weight of the host, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), limits the number of eggs laid per host during the early spring when shoot moth larvae are small. When the host larvae are larger, size is no longer a limiting factor in the number of eggs deposited per host. There is a preoviposition period of about 3 days and egg production is synovigenic. The number of fully developed eggs within a female at one time varies between about 7 and 12 eggs on a 3-day cycle, and never exceeds 16. Each female wasp attacks two or three large host larvae and this number is probably doubled when the host larvae available for attack are small.

scholarly journals Life cycle of Scapholeberis armata freyi Dumont & Pensaert, 1983 (Cladocera, Daphnidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina de Almeida Castilho ◽  
Célio Wisniewski ◽  
Maria José dos Santos-Wisniewski
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Mixed Suspension ◽  
Algal Suspension ◽  
The Mean

Knowledge of the life cycle of zooplankton species can provide information for a better understanding of the role of each species in the community and basic data for secondary production investigations. In this study, some life-cycle traits were measured for Scapholeberis armata freyi Dumont & Pensaert, 1983 (Cladocera, Daphnidae), maintained under controlled conditions in laboratory cultures. Experiments were carried out in incubators at a temperature of 23.0 ºC, photoperiod of 12 hours light/dark, and food supply (algal suspension of the chlorophycean Pseudokirchneriela subcapitata at 10(5) cells.mL-1 and mixed suspension of yeast, and fish ration added per organism, at equal proportions) that were kept constant. Observations were made once or twice a day to record individual growth, age and size of primipara, as well as fecundity and longevity. S. armata freyi achieved a maximum size of 827 µm, while the primiparous instar measured 542 µm on average, at an age of 5.86 days. The mean fecundity was 8 eggs.female-1 and the mean of total number of eggs produced by a female was 47.58. Embryonic development time was 1.9 days and the maximum longevity found was 31 days. In this study, the life cycle parameters of S. armata freyi presented are close to those found in other species of Daphnidae, under the same culture conditions of temperature and photoperiod. However, the longevity was greater than other species that received algae as food only. The quality and quantity of food are factors that control secondary production in aquatic ecosystems and an increase of food availability increases longevity and egg production. Thus the greater longevity and egg production observed for S. armata freyi can influence its secondary production.

Cumulative effects of host resistance on Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae) in the laboratory

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Chiera ◽  
R. M. Newson ◽  
M. P. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Tick Population ◽  
Tick Feeding ◽  
Feeding Experience ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ear Tick

The effect of host resistance on the feeding and development of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, the African brown ear tick, was investigated. In this 3-host species the percentages of larvae and nymphs engorging on resistant cattle, and also of those subsequently moulting, were significantly less than those of ticks feeding on susceptible rabbits (i.e. without previous tick-feeding experience). The mean weights of engorged larvae, nymphs and females were significantly reduced on resistant hosts. Fewer nymphs and females engorged, even when fed on susceptible hosts, if their previous feed had been on a resistant host, and the engorged weight was also less. If only one feed during the life-cycle was on a resistant host the final egg production was reduced by a factor of 13· 2· and l· for the larval, nymphal and adult feed respectively. The egg production of a tick population with all 3 stages feeding only on resistant hosts could be reduced by more than 98% if these effects were combined.

The life cycle of Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi Olenev, 1931 (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Chen ◽  
Zhijun Yu ◽  
Xiaojun Yang ◽  
Hongyuan Zheng ◽  
Jingze Liu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

The life cycle of Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks under laboratory conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miling Ma ◽  
Guiquan Guan ◽  
Ze Chen ◽  
Zhijie Liu ◽  
Aihong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Haemaphysalis Qinghaiensis ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

The influence of nutrition on egg-production and longevity in unmated female body-lice (Pediculus humanus corporis: Anoplura)

Parasitology ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Haddow
Keyword(s):  
Female Body ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unmated Female ◽  
Pediculus Humanus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Body Lice

1. Isolated unmated female body-lice were worn in pillboxes between the skin and the clothes. They were kept constantly on the body but, by a simple device, groups of ten were permitted feeding periods of different length. These groups were fed for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hr. per day respectively. Another group of ten were never allowed to feed after the last moult.2. Some of the figures for egg yield were high. Lice in the 24 hr. group were able to maintain a rate of ten eggs per day for 4−5 days at a time.3. No significant difference in longevity or rate of egg-laying was found to exist between the 12, 16, 20 and 24 hr. groups nor between the 4 and 8 hr. groups but a pronounced and significant difference exists between the 8 and 12 hr. groups. Below 12 hr. there is a sharp fall in longevity and rate of egg production. The unfed group all died, without laying, on the third day.4. The rate of laying as shown by the mode increases progressively with increase in time allowed daily for feeding.5. With regard to the mean eggs per louse the position is less clear. It is felt that the 24 hr. group may differ significantly from the 12, 16 and 20 hr. groups but this is uncertain.

scholarly journals On the Convective Coupling and Moisture Organization of East Pacific Easterly Waves

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 3850-3870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam V. Rydbeck ◽  
Eric D. Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Zonal Wind ◽  
Wind Shear ◽  
Warm Pool ◽  
Moisture Gradient ◽  
Easterly Waves ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
Pacific Warm Pool ◽  
Meridional Winds ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Processes associated with the local amplification of easterly waves (EWs) in the east Pacific warm pool are explored. Developing EWs favor convection in the southwest and northeast quadrants of the disturbance. In nascent EWs, convection favors the southwest quadrant. As the EW life cycle progresses, convection in the northeast quadrant becomes increasingly prominent and southwest quadrant convection wanes. The EW moisture budget reveals that anomalous meridional winds acting on the mean meridional moisture gradient of the ITCZ produce moisture anomalies supportive of convection in the southwest quadrant early in the EW life cycle. As EWs mature, moisture anomalies on the poleward side of the EW begin to grow and are supported by the advection of anomalous moisture by the mean zonal wind. In the southwest and northeast portions of the wave, where convection anomalies are favored, lower-tropospheric vorticity is generated locally through vertical stretching that supports a horizontal tilt of the wave from the southwest to the northeast. EWs with such tilts are then able to draw energy via barotropic conversion from the background cyclonic zonal wind shear present in the east Pacific. Convection anomalies associated with EWs vary strongly with changes in the background intraseasonal state. EWs during westerly and neutral intraseasonal periods are associated with robust convection anomalies. Easterly intraseasonal periods are, at times, associated with very weak EW convection anomalies because of weaker moisture and diluted CAPE variations.

scholarly journals Insecticidal Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Spodoptera frugiperda under Laboratory Conditions

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Sarayut Pittarate ◽  
Julius Rajula ◽  
Afroja Rahman ◽  
Perumal Vivekanandhan ◽  
Malee Thungrabeab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference

Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a major pest of corn, rice, and sorghum among other crops usually controlled using synthetic or biological insecticides. Currently, the new invention of nanotechnology is taking root in the agricultural industry as an alternative source of pest management that is target-specific, safe, and efficient. This study sought to determine the efficacy of commercial Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) towards S. frugiperda under laboratory conditions. ZnO NPs were diluted into different concentrations (100–500 ppm), where the baby corn used to feed the S. frugiperda larvae was dipped. The development of the insect feeding on food dipped in ZnO solution was significantly (p < 0.05) affected, and the number of days that the insect took to complete its life cycle had a significant difference compared to the control. There was a significant difference in the adults’ emergence in all the concentrations of ZnO NPs compared to the control, with over 90% of the eggs successfully going through the life cycle until adult emergence. Additionally, several body malformations were observed throughout the lifecycle of the insect. Also, the fecundity of the females was greatly affected. The findings of this study suggest the possibility of exploitation of ZnO nanoparticles not only to manage S. frugiperda but to significantly reduce their population in the ecosystem through body deformations, reduced fecundity, reduced oviposition, and hatchability of eggs. It will be a valuable tool in integrated pest management regimens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document