The influence of nutrition on egg-production and longevity in unmated female body-lice (Pediculus humanus corporis: Anoplura)

Parasitology ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Haddow
Keyword(s):  
Female Body ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unmated Female ◽  
Pediculus Humanus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Body Lice

1. Isolated unmated female body-lice were worn in pillboxes between the skin and the clothes. They were kept constantly on the body but, by a simple device, groups of ten were permitted feeding periods of different length. These groups were fed for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hr. per day respectively. Another group of ten were never allowed to feed after the last moult.2. Some of the figures for egg yield were high. Lice in the 24 hr. group were able to maintain a rate of ten eggs per day for 4−5 days at a time.3. No significant difference in longevity or rate of egg-laying was found to exist between the 12, 16, 20 and 24 hr. groups nor between the 4 and 8 hr. groups but a pronounced and significant difference exists between the 8 and 12 hr. groups. Below 12 hr. there is a sharp fall in longevity and rate of egg production. The unfed group all died, without laying, on the third day.4. The rate of laying as shown by the mode increases progressively with increase in time allowed daily for feeding.5. With regard to the mean eggs per louse the position is less clear. It is felt that the 24 hr. group may differ significantly from the 12, 16 and 20 hr. groups but this is uncertain.

scholarly journals Manganese in the nutrition and metabolism of the pullet

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Mathers ◽  
R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body

1. Groups of pullets were given a diet of high (106–107 μg/g) or low (6–7 μg/g) manganese content and killed either before sexual maturity, at the point-of-lay or after a 6- to 7-month laying period. The birds were dissected into six tissue fractions: skeleton, liver, kidney, ovary and oviduct, skin and feathers, and muscle with remaining tissue. Total Mn and concentration of Mn as μg/g dry fat-free tissue were determined for each fraction.2. There were no differences in live weight attributable to level of dietary Mn, and no differences in egg production.3. Mean total body Mn varied among groups over a fairly narrow range (528–738 μg), with the exception of birds given the high-Mn diet throughout the experiment, in which the mean was 2319 μg. This represented an increase in Mn content during egg laying of 244%. There was no significant difference in the Mn content of birds given the low-Mn diet whether they were killed at the point-of-lay or after the laying period.4. The effects of treatment on the weight of Mn in each of the tissue fractions are described. The very large increase in total Mn that occurred during egg production in birds given the high-Mn diet was accounted for largely by the increase in skin and feathers (1072 μg Mn).5. In general terms, the Mn content of liver, kidney and ovary and oviduct together constituted only just over 10% of total body Mn, the remainder being distributed about equally among skeleton, skin and feathers, and muscle with remaining tissue.6. There was a close parallel between the concentration of Mn of a tissue and the total weight of Mn it contained except in certain instances when stage of maturity or egg production influenced weight of the tissue.7. The effects of treatments on the Mn contents of these birds are discussed in relation to the retention of dietary Mn, and the withdrawal from and accumulation of Mn in individual tissues and the whole body.

The ‘head’ and ‘body’ races of Pediculus humanus L.

Parasitology ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Busvine
Keyword(s):  
Head Louse ◽  
Antennal Segment ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Head Lice ◽  
Body Louse ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Lice

1. Measurements were made of the head length, head width, total body length, antenna length, length and breadth of 3rd antennal segment of head and body lice from natural infestations. In all measurements (except the last) the means were significantly different for. the two forms, but in all cases there was considerable overlap.2. Head lice reared continuously on the body for forty-three generations (over 2 years) did not change systematically in size. Body lice reared under similar conditions were likewise constant.3. There was a highly significant difference between mean measurements of all the samples of head lice reared for up to 2 years on the body when compared with body lice reared for a similar period in the same way. The means for lice worn 24 hr. per day were less than those worn 12 hr. per day in both strains. An experiment showed that this is probably due to a difference in average temperature.4. The mean live weights of head and body strains were even more distinct than linear dimensions on the several occasions when these were recorded.5. Measurements of the dimensions of the opercula of the eggs of the two races and the numbers of air cells in them were distributed in the same way as the body measurements: that is, distinct means but overlapping individuals.6. Ventral abdominal muscles in wild head lice are typically confined to segment 5. (The forty specimens examined adhered to this rule.) In wild body lice, muscles are usually also present in segment 4 as well.7. Hybrids (female body x male head louse) were fertile for several generations. In size, the F1 generation was intermediate, but the F2 and F3 generations became identical with the body louse strain.8. Eggs of the body louse strain hatched at the same time as those of the head strain, but the body strain reached a significantly higher percentage hatch.9. The times of moulting during development were studied in both races in relation to differing opportunities to feed (24, 12, 6 and 3 hr. per day). The two strains showed very similar reactions in regard to speed of development, but throughout there was a higher pre-imaginal mortality in the head strain.10. Head lice were shown to be considerably more susceptible to starvation than body lice.11. If adults of the two strains are mixed, there is no tendency towards homogeneous mating. Of the mixed matings, those between body louse males and head louse females are much more common than the reverse.12. Female head lice show a slight difference in their egg-laying preferences when offered a choice of hair, voile and tape.My thanks are due to Prof. P. A. Buxton, F.R.S., for a number of helpful suggestions based on his extensive knowledge of louse biology and to Dr J. O. Irwin for critical comments on the statistical issues.

scholarly journals Publication activity of chief and consultant general/visceral surgeons in German university hospitals—a ten-year analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva C. Böckmann ◽  
E. S. Debus ◽  
R. T. Grundmann
Keyword(s):  
Impact Factor ◽  
Publication Activity ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
University Departments ◽  
The Third ◽  
Publication Number ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Publications

Abstract Purpose The publication activity of 38 German general/visceral surgery university departments, documented by first or last authorship from staff surgeons (chief and consultants), was evaluated. Methods The observation period extended from 2007 to 2017 and all PubMed-listed publications were considered. Impact factor (IF) was evaluated through the publishing journal’s 5-year IF in 2016, as was the IF for each individual publication. Ranking was expressed in quartiles. Results The staff surgeons of the 38 departments comprised 442 surgeons, of which only 351 (79.4%) were active as first or last authors. Four thousand six hundred and ninety-nine publications published in 702 journals were recorded. The four leading departments in publication number published as much as the last 20 departments (1330 vs. 1336 publications, respectively). The mean of the first (most active) department quartile was 19.6 publications, the second 15.4, the third 11.0, and the last quartile 7.6 per publishing surgeon. The total cumulative impact factor was 14,130. When examining the mean number of publications per publishing surgeons per the 10 year period, the mean of the first quartile was 57.9 cumulative IF, the second 45.0, the third 29.5, and the fourth quartile 17.1. With 352 (7.5%) publications, the most frequently used journal was Chirurg, followed by Langenbeck’s Archives of Surgery with 274 (5.8%) publications. Pancreas-related topics led in terms of publication number and IF generated per individual publication. Conclusion A significant difference in publication performance of individual departments was apparent that cannot be explained by staff number. This indicates that there are as yet unknown factors responsible for minor publication activity in many university departments.

scholarly journals Efficacy of intrathecal midazolam on enhancing analgesic effect of fentanyl in patients undergoing lower limb surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2726-2732
Author(s):  
Masoum Khoshfetrat ◽  
Sima Davarpanah ◽  
Aliakbar Keykha
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Block ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Limb Surgery ◽  
The Mean

Background: Co-administration of drugs with synergistic effects is considered as one of the methods to increase the effectiveness of intrathecal anesthesia and to reduce the need for injectable analgesics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of intrathecal midazolam on enhancing the analgesic effect of fentanyl in patients undergoing lower limb surgery. Materials: The present double-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 90 candidate patients undergoing lower limb orthopedic surgery in 2017 at Khatam-Al-Anbiya Hospital in the city of Zahedan, Iran. To this end, the patients were selected via convenience sampling method and then randomly divided into three groups. Afterwards, 3 cc of 0.5% hyperbaric Marcaine was injected intrathecally in the first group, 3 cc of Marcaine + 25 ug of fentanyl was administered to the second group, and 3 cc of Marcaine + 25 ug of fentanyl + 1 mg of midazolam was administered to the third group (the final volume of all three syringes was brought up to 3.7 cc with normal saline). The duration of sensory nerve block and those of motor block and analgesia, as well as changes in vital signs, were then measured in these groups. Moreover, the data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics (Version 22.0) through Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The mean age and gender distribution of the patients in the three study groups did not differ significantly. The mean duration of sensory nerve block was equal to 98.6+/-11.1 min in the first group, 142.2+/-12.4 min in the second group, and 174.3+/-10.9 min in the third group; all showed a statistically significant difference (P=0.0001, P=0.001, P=0.000).The mean duration of analgesia was also reported to be 204.43+/-0.3 min in the first group, 323.62+/-7.4 min in the second group, and 526.22+/-0.9 min in the third group, indicating a statistically significant difference between the three study groups (P=0.0001, P=0.000, P=000). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that adding midazolam to intrathecal fentanyl could significantly increase the duration of sensory nerve block and that of post-operative analgesia.  

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HEPATIC STEATOSIS AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-441
Author(s):  
Amanda Oliva Gobato ◽  
Ana Carolina Junqueira Vasques ◽  
Antonio Fernando Ribeiro ◽  
Roberto Massao Yamada ◽  
Gabriel Hessel
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of hepatic steatosis (HS) in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) and associate it with nutritional status. Methods: Cross-sectional study with children and adolescents with CF diagnosis. Weight and height were used to calculate the body mass index (BMI) and subsequent classification of the nutritional status. The midarm circumference (MAC), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) and midarm muscle circumference (MAMC) were used to evaluate body composition. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed for diagnosis of HS. The statistical tests used were Student’s t test, Mann-Whitney test and chi-square test with significance level of 5%. Results: 50 patients with CF were evaluated, 18 (36%) were diagnosed with HS (Group A) and 32 (64%) without HS (Group B). The mean age of Group A was 13,2±4,9 years old and Group B 11,7±4,9; for BMI, the value for Group A was 18,0±4,1 and Group B was 15,7±3,8; the TSF of Group A was 8,4±3,5 mm and Group B was 7,0±2,5 mm. For these variables, there was no significant difference between the groups. The mean of MAC and MAMC differed significantly between the groups, being higher in the HS group, with p values of 0,047 and 0,043. Conclusions: The frequency of HS in patients with CF is high and it is not related to malnutrition, according to the parameters of BMI, TSF and MAMC. The values of MAC and MAMC indicated a greater reserve of muscle mass in patients with HS.

The rumen as a water store in sheep

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Hecker ◽  
OE Budtz-Olsen ◽  
M Ostwald
Keyword(s):  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

The rumen fluid volume in sheep was measured by the method of phenol red dilution. Serial determinations made in 22 sheep deprived of food and water for up to 8 days showed that the greatest decrease in rumen fluid volume occurred during the first 2–3 days, the magnitude of the decrease depending on the initial volume. After the third day, the rate of loss of rumen fluid became slower as the rumen fluid volume became depleted. Sheep deprived of food only gave similar results to those deprived of both food and water. This absorption of rumen fluid during the first 2–3 days of food and water deprivation may account for the expansion of plasma volume which has been recorded on the third day. In a group of eight sheep deprived of food and water for 4 days, the mean rumen volume loss for the period amounted to about half the body weight loss. These results support the view that in the sheep, the water balance of the body proper is kept virtually unaltered by fluid drawn from the alimentary tract during the first days of water deprivation. The animal does not become dehydrated, in the physiological sense, until this reserve is depleted. For this reason, the rumen may be regarded as a water "store" in sheep.

XI.—An Investigation into the Effects of Seasonal Changes on Body Temperature

1913 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 110-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutherland Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Temperature Curve ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
June July

SummaryMonthly observations, extending over one year, were made on the rectal temperature of 114 domestic fowls (Gallus gallus, ♀) and records from forty-one of these were obtained for two years. Six different breeds were used, each located in a separate pen, all under similar conditions, and the mean temperatures for each group were plotted out to form an annual temperature curve. It was found that—1. The lowest temperatures occur in December, January, and February, and the highest in June, July, and August, corresponding in a general way with the temperature of the external air.2. Barometric pressure does not appear to have any influence on the body temperature of the hen.3. The curve of egg-production does not coincide with the annual temperature curve, the former reaching its highest level in April and May, the latter in June, July, and August.If we compare the mean rectal temperature at two periods of the year when the external or weather conditions are approximately the same (April-May and September-October), but when the vitality of the birds, as indicated by the curve of egg-production, moulting, etc., is at a maximum and minimum respectively, we find that the figures are practically identical. This would seem to show that cyclical bodily changes have little effect on body temperature as compared with outside influences.

scholarly journals TRUNK BALANCE EXERCISE LEBIH BAIK DARI PADA STRENGTHENING BACK EXERCISE DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEIMBANGAN KINERJA OTOT ERECTOR SPINE PADA PEMAIN FUTSAL PEMULA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Nasirudin ◽  
Dewa Putu Gde Purwa Samatra ◽  
Wahyuddin ◽  
Susy Purnawati ◽  
Ni Made Linawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Balance Exercise ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trunk Balance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Better Than

In the game of futsal, work of postural muscle balance needed to maintain the stability of the body for receiving the pass and put the ball into the other team's goal at the time of attack, changing the direction of movement quickly when returning to their respective positions and avoid of back disorder. This research is a form of experimental research that will test the effectiveness of the provision of trunk balance exercise is better than the strengthening of back exercises to improve muscle work balance of erector spine on futsal beginner players, in this study sample will be divided into two groups, the first group will be given trunk balance exercise to improve balance of erectorspine muscles work in futsal begginer players, the second group will be given back strengthening exercise to improve balance of erectorspine muscles work in futsal begginer players.This study was conducted for 6 weeks and the intervention performed 18 times during the study period. Samples measured by surface electromyography to measure work of right and left erector muscle by calculating the proportion of the work on the muscle, the measurement is performed at before the intervention and then intervention in accordance with the grouping which has been divided and then after completion of the intervention, the samples will be re-measured to obtain the value of the intervention.The results of the first group who has been given of trunk balance exercise shows the average value of the before treatment (83.82 ± 2.94) % and the mean value of the after treatment (96.74 ± 2.39) %, and in the second group who has been given strengthening back exercise shows the mean value of the before treatment (88.29 ± 1.89) % and the mean value after treatment (95.91 ± 1.75) %, with the probability value of both groups is 0.000 (p <0.05), and can be expressed there is a significant difference between both groups. In the fourth hypothesis test conducted comparative results of both groups, using independent samples t-test using mean value of the first and second groups, in the first group (12.92 ± 2.94) %, and the second group (7.61 ± 2.12) %, with a probability value 0.000 (p<0.05) and can be expressed in statistical analysis is no significant difference between both treatments were carried out and that means, giving trunk balance exercise is better than back strengthening exercise to improve balance of erector spine muscles work on futsal beginner players.

scholarly journals Effect of supplemented dietary protein on certain haematological values and meat yield characteristics of broiler birds

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Alam ◽  
N Ahmad ◽  
MA Miah ◽  
R Islam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Haematological Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Different Levels

The effect of different levels of supplemented dietary protein on body weight, certain haematological values and meat yield characteristics in 20 "Shaver Star Bro" broilers was studied during the period from 02 March to 12 April 2002. The broilers were randomly assigned to four equal groups (A to D) each consisting of 5 birds. Group A was considered as control, fed only with commercial ration and other three groups were treated with extra dietary protein supplement @ 5%, 10% and 15% as group B, C and D respectively. Increased body weight was recorded in group B and the body weight decreases as the level of protein increased from 5% to 10% and 15% and the decrease was linear. No differences in haematological values were observed among the groups but the TEC varied significantly (p < 0.05). The mean weight of breast meat, drum stick meat varied significantly (p < 0.01). The shank weight varied significantly (p < 0.05) but there was no significant difference among the mean weight of thigh meat and wing meat corresponding to the different levels of supplemented dietary protein. It can be concluded that 5% supplemented dietary protein with commercial ration gives better result in respect to body weight gain, haematological values and meat yield characteristics.Key words: dietary protein; haematological values; meat yield; broiler birdsdoi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i2.2543Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (2): 121-123

scholarly journals Effect of Leaf Syzygium aromaticum on Lymphocytes and Macrophages Mice Balb/c

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Syahran Wael ◽  
Theopilus Wilhelmus Watuguly ◽  
Didik Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Proliferation Of Lymphocytes

Syzygium aromaticum as an immunomodulator contains main active compound eugenol which is able to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and the production of macrophages. Lymphocytes have a very important role to provide protection in the body against infection. This study aims to prove the effects of extract Syzygium aromaticum leaf against increased proliferation of lymphocytes, lymphoblast and macrophages of mice Balb/c of induced Salmonella typhimurium. The method used in this study was experimental with post test only control group. Mice Balb/c were divided into 4 groups as a control group and treatment induced of Salmonella typhimurium. The first treatment group were administrated extracts of 15mg /kgbw, the second treatment 75mg/kgbw, the third treatment of 150mg/kgbw for 12days. ANOVA test showed a significant difference in lymphocyte proliferation but not lymphoblast and macrophages.

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