scholarly journals Evaluation of a commercially available molybdate formulation and zinc oxide boluses in preventing hepatic copper accumulation and thus enzootic icterus in sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Botha ◽  
A.S. Shakespeare ◽  
R. Gehring ◽  
D. Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Copper Excretion ◽  
Hepatic Copper ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Urinary Copper ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Urinary Copper Excretion

The efficacy of a molybdate formulation and a zinc oxide bolus as prophylactic agents for enzootic icterus was evaluated in sheep. Before copper loading, liver biopsies were performed on 12 male, 6-month-old, Mutton Merino sheep to determine hepatic copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) concentrations. The animals were restrictively randomised according to liver copper concentrations to 3 treatment groups (n = 4) to achieve similar mean liver copper concentrations per group. All sheep received 4 m /kg of a 0.5 %aqueous solution of CuSO4·5H2O intraruminally 7 days per week for 10 weeks. On Day 0 the sheep in the Mo-group were injected subcutaneously with 42 mg molybdenum (Mo) contained in a commercial molybdate formulation. The animals in the Zn-group each received a zinc oxide bolus, containing 43 g zinc oxide, via a rumen cannula. Treatment was repeated on Day 42. Four animals served as untreated controls. Urinary copper excretion, plasma copper concentration, haematocrit and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) activity were determined throughout the trial. The animals were sacrificed after 10 weeks and liver samples were submitted for histopathological examination. Liver and kidney copper and zinc concentrations were determined. Neither the molybdate treatment nor the zinc oxide boluses prevented hepatic copper accumulation. The urinary copper excretion, plasma copper concentration, haematocrit and GLDH activity were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the controls.

PA76 CORRELATION BETWEEN URINARY COPPER EXCRETION AND LIVER COPPER CONTENT WITH AGE IN CHILDREN WITH WILSON DISEASE

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. S373
Author(s):  
G. Ranucci ◽  
E. Nicastro ◽  
C. Della Corte ◽  
M. Tufano ◽  
P. Vajro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wilson Disease ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Copper Excretion ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Urinary Copper ◽  
Urinary Copper Excretion

Assessment of copper accumulation in archived liver specimens from cats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2096135
Author(s):  
Punyamanee Yamkate ◽  
Randi M Gold ◽  
Panagiotis G Xenoulis ◽  
Katja Steiger ◽  
David C Twedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Zonal Distribution ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Hepatic Copper ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess hepatic copper concentrations and zonal distribution in cat liver specimens. Methods For this study, 121 archived, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver specimens from cats were used. Tissue sections were stained for copper with rhodanine and scored from 0 (no copper accumulation) to 5 (panlobular copper accumulation). The tissue specimens were then deparaffinized and hepatic copper concentrations were measured using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results Tissue samples were categorized into four groups based on histopathologic findings: (1) no significant histopathologic hepatic changes (n = 66); (2) hepatic steatosis (n = 18); (3) inflammatory or infectious disease (n = 24); and (4) neoplasia (n = 13). Of the 121 specimens, 13 (11%) stained positive for copper, with three having a score ⩾3. Thirty-seven specimens (31%) had copper concentrations above the reference interval ([RI] <180 µg/g dry weight liver). Copper concentrations in cats with hepatic inflammatory or infectious disease were significantly higher than cats with hepatic steatosis ( P = 0.03). Copper-staining score and concentration were positively correlated ( rs = 0.46, P <0.001). Conclusions and relevance Despite the fact that 31% of specimens had copper concentrations above the RI, only 11% showed positive copper staining and only 2.5% had a score ⩾3. Our findings suggest that hepatic copper concentrations greater than the upper limit of the RI are relatively common in cats. Further studies to determine the factors that influence hepatic copper staining in cats and to establish contemporary RIs for hepatic copper in healthy cats are warranted.

scholarly journals Regulation of murine copper homeostasis by members of the COMMD protein family

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. dmm045963
Author(s):  
Amika Singla ◽  
Qing Chen ◽  
Kohei Suzuki ◽  
Jie Song ◽  
Alina Fedoseienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Homeostasis ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Copper Transporter ◽  
Copper Excretion ◽  
Copper Absorption ◽  
Hepatic Copper ◽  
High Copper ◽  
Molecular Machinery ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACTCopper is an essential transition metal for all eukaryotes. In mammals, intestinal copper absorption is mediated by the ATP7A copper transporter, whereas copper excretion occurs predominantly through the biliary route and is mediated by the paralog ATP7B. Both transporters have been shown to be recycled actively between the endosomal network and the plasma membrane by a molecular machinery known as the COMMD/CCDC22/CCDC93 or CCC complex. In fact, mutations in COMMD1 can lead to impaired biliary copper excretion and liver pathology in dogs and in mice with liver-specific Commd1 deficiency, recapitulating aspects of this phenotype. Nonetheless, the role of the CCC complex in intestinal copper absorption in vivo has not been studied, and the potential redundancy of various COMMD family members has not been tested. In this study, we examined copper homeostasis in enterocyte-specific and hepatocyte-specific COMMD gene-deficient mice. We found that, in contrast to effects in cell lines in culture, COMMD protein deficiency induced minimal changes in ATP7A in enterocytes and did not lead to altered copper levels under low- or high-copper diets, suggesting that regulation of ATP7A in enterocytes is not of physiological consequence. By contrast, deficiency of any of three COMMD genes (Commd1, Commd6 or Commd9) resulted in hepatic copper accumulation under high-copper diets. We found that each of these deficiencies caused destabilization of the entire CCC complex and suggest that this might explain their shared phenotype. Overall, we conclude that the CCC complex plays an important role in ATP7B endosomal recycling and function.

Hepatic Organelle Pathology in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and the Response to Low-Dose D-Penicillamine Therapy

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott ◽  
W. Jenkins ◽  
G. P. Smith ◽  
T. J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatic Copper ◽  
Urinary Copper ◽  
Penicillamine Therapy ◽  
Urinary Copper Excretion

1. Analytical subcellular fractionation in combination with enzymic microanalysis has been used to investigate the hepatic organelle pathology of primary biliary cirrhosis. Activities of plasma membrane and lysosomal enzymes in hepatic needle biopsies were increased, but marker enzymes for other organelles were normal. 2. Seven patients were treated with a low dose of penicillamine, 250 mg daily, over a 3–6 month period. The initially raised serum alkaline phosphatase and IgM levels were significantly reduced. In four patients with markedly elevated hepatic copper there was a small decrease, but urinary copper excretion was unaltered. Hepatic organelle pathology was significantly improved. 3. No serious side-effects were noted and it is suggested that a controlled trial of low-dose D-penicillamine therapy is indicated in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

Hepatic copper concentration of steers grazing pastures on developed wet heath land in south-eastern Queensland

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJW Gartner ◽  
JG Young ◽  
PM Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Hepatic Copper ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Copper Therapy ◽  
Low Levels

A 2 X 2 factorial design was used to investigate the effects of copper and cobalt therapy of Hereford steers grazing Lotononis-Pangola pastures on the wet heath areas of coastal south-eastern Queensland. Copper was given as a subcutaneous injection of copper glycinate and cobalt as an intra- ruminal cobalt oxide pellet. Liver samples were obtained at three-monthly intervals for 18 months. The liver copper concentration of untreated animals decreased to low levels (<10 p.p.m.). Copper therapy increased (P<0.01) and cobalt therapy decreased (P<0.01) liver copper levels. There were, however, no significant differences in bodyweight gains.

OP034 RED BLOOD CELL, NOT PLASMA COPPER CONCENTRATION IS RELATED TO LIVER COPPER CONCENTRATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
J. Logue ◽  
A. Duncan ◽  
C. Roxburgh ◽  
P. Horgan ◽  
D. O'Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Liver Copper ◽  
Plasma Copper

Serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels and urinary copper excretion in thermal injury

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
M G Boosalis ◽  
J T McCall ◽  
L D Solem ◽  
D H Ahrenholz ◽  
C J McClain
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Copper Excretion ◽  
Urinary Copper ◽  
Urinary Copper Excretion
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