scholarly journals The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of medetomidine and thiopentone anaesthesia in dogs breathing at an altitude of 1486 m

2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Joubert ◽  
R. Lobetti
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Respiratory Effects ◽  
Observation Period

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardio-respiratory effects of the combination of medetomidine and thiopentone followed by reversal with atipamezole as a combination for anaesthesia in 10 healthy German Shepherd dogs breathing spontaneously in a room at an altitude of 1486 m above sea level with an ambient air pressure of 651 mmHg. After the placement of intravenous and intra-arterial catheters, baseline samples were collected. Medetomidine (0.010 mg/kg) was administered intravenously and blood pressure and heart rate were recorded every minute for 5 minutes. Thiopentone was then slowly administered until intubation conditions were ideal. An endotracheal tube was placed and the dogs breathed room air spontaneously. Blood pressure, pulse oximetry, respiratory and heart rate, capnography, blood gas analysis and arterial lactate were performed or recorded every 10 minutes for the duration of the trial. Thiopentone was administered to maintain anaesthesia. After 60 minutes, atipamezole (0.025 mg/kg) was given intramuscularly. Data were recorded for the next 30 minutes. A dose of 8.7 mg/kg of thiopentone was required to anaesthetise the dogs after the administration of 0.010 mg/kg of medetomidine. Heart rate decreased from 96.7 at baseline to 38.5 5 minutes after the administration of medetomidine (P < 0.05). Heart rate then increased with the administration of thiopentone to 103.2 (P < 0.05). Blood pressure increased from 169.4/86.2 mmHg to 253.2/143.0 mmHg 5 minutes after the administration of medetomidine (P < 0.05). Blood pressure then slowly returned towards normal. Heart rate and blood pressure returned to baseline values after the administration of atipamezole. Arterial oxygen tension decreased from baseline levels (84.1 mmHg) to 57.8 mmHg after the administration of medetomidine and thiopentone (P < 0.05). This was accompanied by arterial desaturation from 94.7 to 79.7 % (P < 0.05). A decrease in respiratory rate from 71.8 bpm to 12.2 bpm was seen during the same period. Respiratory rates slowly increased over the next hour to 27.0 bpm and a further increases 51.4 bpm after the administration of atipamezole was seen (P < 0.05). This was maintained until the end of the observation period. Arterial oxygen tension slowly returned towards normal over the observation period. No significant changes in blood lactate were seen. No correlation was found between arterial saturation as determined by blood gas analysis and pulse oximetry. Recovery after the administration of atipamezole was rapid (5.9 minutes). In healthy dogs, anaesthesia can be maintained with a combination of medetomidine and thiopentone, significant anaesthetic sparing effects have been noted and recovery from anaesthesia is not unduly delayed. Hypoxaemia may be problematic. Appropriate monitoring should be done and oxygen supplementation and ventilatory support should be available. A poor correlation between SpO2 and SaO2 and ETCO2 and PaCO2 was found.

scholarly journals Predictors of Intensive Care Unit admission in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Viviana Carlino ◽  
Natja Valenti ◽  
Flavio Cesaro ◽  
Anita Costanzo ◽  
Giovanna Cristiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Gradient ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Arterial Blood

Italy is currently experiencing an epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Aim of our study is to identify the best predictors of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission in patients with Covid-19. We examined 28 patients admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) and subsequently confirmed as cases of Covid-19. Patients received, at the admission to the ED, a diagnostic work-up including: patient history, clinical examination, an arterial blood gas analysis (whenever possible performed on room air), laboratory blood tests, including serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), lung ultrasound examination and a computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax. For each patient, as gas exchange index through the alveolocapillary membrane, we determined the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaDO⁠2) and the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient augmentation (AaDO⁠2 augmentation). For each patient, as measurement of hypoxemia, we determined oxygen saturation (SpO2), partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO⁠2), PaO⁠2 deficit and the ratio between arterial partial pressure of oxygen by blood gas analysis and fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F). Patients were assigned to ICU Group or to Non-ICU Group basing on the decision to intubate. Areas under the curve (AUC) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to compare the performance of each test in relation to prediction of ICU admission. Comparing patients of ICU Group (10 patients) with patients of Non-ICU Group (18 patients), we found that the first were older, they had more frequently a medical history of malignancy and they were more frequently admitted to ED for dyspnea. Patients of ICU Group had lower oxygen saturation, PaO⁠2, P/F and higher heart rate, respiratory rate, AaDO⁠2, AaDO⁠2 augmentation and lactate than patients of Non-ICU Group. ROC curves demonstrate that age, heart rate, respiratory rate, dyspnea, lactate, AaDO2, AaDO2 augmentation, white blood cell count, neutrophil count and percentage, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose level, international normalized ratio (INR), blood urea and IL-6 are useful predictors of ICU admission. We identified several predictors of ICU admission in patients with Covid-19. They can act as fast tools for the early identification and timely treatment of critical cases since their arrival in the ED.

scholarly journals Postoperative Arterial Hypoxaemia

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Morton ◽  
P. Mahoney ◽  
P. Hansen ◽  
J. Holling ◽  
T. Lindley
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Low Levels

Postoperative arterial oxygen tension was measured in a group of patients. Unacceptably low levels were found in 32% of the patients and this hypoxaemia persisted in some cases for three days. The results enforce the principle that some patients should be given prolonged oxygen therapy and this should cease only when blood gas analysis demonstrate the patients ability to maintain a safe PaO2 breathing air.

scholarly journals Relating oxygen partial pressure, saturation and content: the haemoglobin–oxygen dissociation curve

Breathe ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie-Ann Collins ◽  
Aram Rudenski ◽  
John Gibson ◽  
Luke Howard ◽  
Ronan O’Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Dissociation Curve ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Dissociation Curve ◽  
Oxygen Dissociation ◽  
The Relationship

Key PointsIn clinical practice, the level of arterial oxygenation can be measured either directly by blood gas sampling to measure partial pressure (PaO2) and percentage saturation (SaO2) or indirectly by pulse oximetry (SpO2).This review addresses the strengths and weaknesses of each of these tests and gives advice on their clinical use.The haemoglobin–oxygen dissociation curve describing the relationship between oxygen partial pressure and saturation can be modelled mathematically and routinely obtained clinical data support the accuracy of a historical equation used to describe this relationship.Educational AimsTo understand how oxygen is delivered to the tissues.To understand the relationships between oxygen saturation, partial pressure, content and tissue delivery.The clinical relevance of the haemoglobin–oxygen dissociation curve will be reviewed and we will show how a mathematical model of the curve, derived in the 1960s from limited laboratory data, accurately describes the relationship between oxygen saturation and partial pressure in a large number of routinely obtained clinical samples.To understand the role of pulse oximetry in clinical practice.To understand the differences between arterial, capillary and venous blood gas samples and the role of their measurement in clinical practice.The delivery of oxygen by arterial blood to the tissues of the body has a number of critical determinants including blood oxygen concentration (content), saturation (SO2) and partial pressure, haemoglobin concentration and cardiac output, including its distribution. The haemoglobin–oxygen dissociation curve, a graphical representation of the relationship between oxygen satur­ation and oxygen partial pressure helps us to understand some of the principles underpinning this process. Historically this curve was derived from very limited data based on blood samples from small numbers of healthy subjects which were manipulated in vitro and ultimately determined by equations such as those described by Severinghaus in 1979. In a study of 3524 clinical specimens, we found that this equation estimated the SO2 in blood from patients with normal pH and SO2 >70% with remarkable accuracy and, to our knowledge, this is the first large-scale validation of this equation using clinical samples. Oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) is nowadays the standard clinical method for assessing arterial oxygen saturation, providing a convenient, pain-free means of continuously assessing oxygenation, provided the interpreting clinician is aware of important limitations. The use of pulse oximetry reduces the need for arterial blood gas analysis (SaO2) as many patients who are not at risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure or metabolic acidosis and have acceptable SpO2 do not necessarily require blood gas analysis. While arterial sampling remains the gold-standard method of assessing ventilation and oxygenation, in those patients in whom blood gas analysis is indicated, arterialised capillary samples also have a valuable role in patient care. The clinical role of venous blood gases however remains less well defined.

Impact of in-flight use of FFP2 masks on oxygen saturation: an experimental crossover study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Sammito ◽  
Geraldine P J Müller ◽  
Oliver Maria Erley ◽  
Andreas Werner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Blood Gas

This study was able to show in a crossover design that neither at resting conditions nor during a simulated 80 min flight wearing the examined FFP2 face mask leads to changes in the SpO2, the heart rate or the parameters of the capillary blood gas analysis.

BACK TO BASICS

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Karen Z. Voter ◽  
John T. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Objective Measurements

Objective measurements of a wide variety of aspects of respiratory function can be useful in the evaluation and management of children and adolescents who have respiratory symptoms or disorders. Many of the tests described in this article can be performed reasonably in the pediatrician's office. Pediatricians can be comfortable in measuring and interpreting pulse oximetry, blood gas analysis, spirometry, and peak flow. They also should be familiar with the indications for the less common tests of pulmonary function that now are widely available.

CORRELATION OF VENOUS BLOOD GAS AND PULSE OXIMETRY WITH ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Sritam Mohanty ◽  
Rangaraj Setlur ◽  
Jyoti Kumar Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood

Introduction: Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is the gold standard method and frequently performed intervention to evaluate acid-base status along with adequacy of ventilation and oxygenation among patients with predominantly critical / acute diseases. Aims And Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation of VBG analysis and pulse oximetry (SpO2) with ABG analysis in critically ill patients. Materials And Methods:Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata, Adult patients requiring arterial blood gas analysis, JAN 2018 –JUNE 2019, 100 critically ill patients and Age – 18yrs and older, Sex – Either sex. Conclusion: In this study population of critically ill patients, pH and pCO2 on VBG analysis correlated with pH and pCO2 on ABG analysis. The SpO2 correlated well with pO2 on ABG analysis

scholarly journals Comparison of oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas analysis in neonates

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Srie Yanda ◽  
Munar Lubis ◽  
Yoyoh Yusroh
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood

Background Arterial blood gas is usually beneficial to discern thenature of gas exchange disturbances, the effectiveness of com-pensation, and is required for adequate management. AlthoughPaO 2 is the standard measurement of blood oxygenation, oxygensaturation measured by pulse oximetry (SapO 2 ) is now a custom-ary noninvasive assessment of blood oxygenation in newborn in-fants.Objective To compare oxygen saturation measured by pulse oxi-metry (SapO 2 ) and arterial blood gas (SaO 2 ), its correlation withother variables, and to predict arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO 2 ) based on SapO 2 values.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on all neonatesadmitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) during February2001 to May 2002. Neonates were excluded if they had impairedperipheral perfusion and/or congenital heart defects. Paired t-testwas used to compare SapO 2 with SaO 2 . Correlation between twoquantitative data was performed using Pearson’s correlation. Re-gression analysis was used to predict PaO 2 based on SapO 2 val-ues.Results Thirty neonates were included in this study. The differ-ence between SaO 2 and SapO 2 was significant . There were sig-nificant positive correlations between heart rate /pulse rate andTCO 2 , HCO 3 ; respiratory rate and TCO 2 , HCO 3 , base excess (BE);core temperature and HCO 3 , BE; surface temperature and pH,TCO 2, HCO 3, BE; SapO 2 and pH, PaO 2 ; and significant negativecorrelation between SapO 2 and PaCO 2 ; the correlations were weak.The linear regression equation to predict PaO 2 based on SapO 2values was PaO 2 = -79.828 + 1.912 SapO 2 .Conclusion Pulse oximetry could not be used in place of arterialblood gas analysis available for clinical purpose

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