SEROLOGICAL STUDY OF BOVINE LEUKOSIS IN IRAQ LOCAL BREED AND IMPORTED COW

Two hundreds and sixteen blood samples from Iraqi local breed cows in Baghdad, Basrah, Diala provinces and 144 blood samples from imported cows in three large cows stations were collected. All samples were tested by ELISA for the detection of specific antibody to bovine leucosis. Results revealed the presence of antibodies of 8.4 % in imported cows only. Whereas the blood samples from the local animals included in this study were negative.

Prevalence and Burden of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Stray Cattle of Kathmandu Valley

Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) are ubiquitous among cattle resulting severe infection. Prevalence of GIPs in stray street cattle may pose risk of dissemination of parasites of zoonotic importance. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of GIPs in stray cattle of Kathmandu valley. Hundred (n=100) freshly voided dung samples were collected from eight places. The samples were processed using concentration method for microscopic examination, and modified McMaster technique for quantification of mean eggs/oocysts per gram of feces (EPG/OPG). Results revealed that 72% of the cattle were found positive for one or more species of GIPs and nine genera of GIPs were recorded (Eimeria, Ostertagia, Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Capillaria, Trichuris, Toxocara, Fasciola and Paramphistomum). The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in male (73.68%) than in female (69.76%). The prevalence was found to be highest in adults (63.89%) followed by heifers (27.78%) and calves (8.33%). Approximately 76% of the cross breed and 65% local breed of cattle were positive for parasitic infection. The parasites differed both in prevalence and intensity, Eimeria sp. being the most prevalent (27%) with highest intensity (858.02 OPG ±63.46 SD). To our information, this is the first research of its kind in relation to stray cattle in Nepal. Our findings reveal that there is burden of helminth infections of zoonotic and socioeconomic importance in the straycattle. Therefore, it warrants regular inspection, relevant preventive measures and molecular detection of parasites.

Production of poultry feather hydrolysate using HCl and NaOH as a growth medium substrate for indigenous strains

The poultry feathers have a very high protein content due to it consists of 90% of crude protein, and it is an ideal material to obtain keratin protein. Due to Keratin’s difficulties and time-consuming decomposition, further processing is needed to degrade Keratin into simpler proteins that can be used as an alternative N-source. This study was aimed to evaluate the keratin hydrolysate from poultry feathers prepared by acidic (HCl) and alkaline (NaOH) compound utilization and its potency as the substrate medium for growth keratinolytic bacteria at a laboratory scale. Poultry feathers, including kampung (local breed) chicken feathers, layer chicken feathers, and local goose treat with HCL 12% and NaOH 20%. The results of the hydrolysate of poultry feathers using 12% HCl showed no significant changes. Visually, the feathers of birds that have been treated with 12% HCl show a colour change to brownish-yellow. The results of hydrolysis using NaOH showed better results than HCl for producing feather meals. The highest yield has occurred at local goose feathers at 95.7%, followed by Kampung and Layer chicken feathers at 93.17% and 78,75%. Based on the viability test, three indigenous strains (Bacillus cereus TD5B, B. cereus LS2B and Pseudomonas sp. PK4) grew in a medium with a substrate of kampung chicken feathers, layer chickens, and local goose feathers. It can be concluded that the hydrolysed poultry feathers made by NaOH 20% preparation had a potency as N-source in the bacterial growth medium.

Cross-sectional Molecular Detection of Francisella tularensis in Domestic Rabbits in Sulaimani Province Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Tularemia is one of the diseases transmitted between humans and animals. It is caused by a Gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis. Recent serological studies suggested that tularemia can be an endemic bacterial zoonotic disease in some countries surrounding Iraq such as Iran and Turkey. The main objective of this study is to detect tularemia in Sulaimani province northeast Iraq near to Iran border. Sulaimani city also has contact with many Turkish cities. This study was conducted between Jun and October 2020. Blood samples were taken from one hundred local breed rabbits of different ages and sexes. A highly sensitive real-time PCR technique was used. Sixteen out of one hundred blood samples (16%) were positively taken from different local breed rabbits from four different places in Sulaimani province. All positive samples were detected in the center of Sulaimani city. No published documents have been reported yet about tularemia in Kurdistan Region. This paper documented molecular detection of F. tularensis in local breed rabbits in Sulaimani province Kurdistan Region-Iraq

Caractérisation de l’élevage porcin au Bénin

L’agriculture béninoise subit depuis 2016 une mutation structurelle qui favorise la levée des contraintes notamment celles financières. Alors que le sous-secteur des productions végétales en tire déjà un grand profit affichant des performances record, l’élevage peine encore à faire sa révolution. La présente étude a pour objectif de faire la typologie de l’élevage porcin au Bénin et d’élaborer un plan de relance de la filière. Une revue de la littérature sur l’élevage porcin et une enquête typologique auprès de 308 éleveurs de porcs ont été réalisées d’Octobre 2019 à Février 2020. Les résultats ont montré que le porc, notamment celui de la race locale, est élevé dans toutes les contrées du Bénin, par tous les groupes socioculturels. L’activité parait bien secondaire pour la plupart (91%) des éleveurs qui possèdent de petites unités de moins de vingt animaux dans 83% des cas. Le mode d’élevage en divagation (54,4%) est le plus pratiqué et les risques sanitaires (peste et cysticercose) sont fréquemment évoqués pour expliquer la sous-production. Mais le défaut de technicité, de vocation et de financement semble être le véritable blocage. Une sensibilisation et/ou formation des éleveurs et des jeunes diplômés des écoles agricoles sur les nouvelles opportunités de développement de la filière devrait la dynamiser. English title: Characterization of the pig farming in Benin Since 2016, Benin agriculture has undergone a structural change which favors the lifting of constraints, particularly financial ones. While the crop production sub-sector is already profiting greatly, showing record performance, livestock are still struggling to revolutionize. The objective of this study is to establish the typology of pig farming in Benin and to develop a revival plan for the sector. A review of the literature on pig breeding and a typological survey of 308 pig farmers were carried out from October 2019 to February 2020. The results showed that the pig, especially that of the local breed, is raised in all the regions of Benin, by all socio-cultural groups. The activity appears to be secondary for most (91%) of breeders who own small units of less than twenty animals in 83% of cases. The method of rearing in straying (54.4%) is the most practiced and health risks (plague and cysticercosis) are frequently mentioned to explain underproduction. But the lack of technicality, vocation and financing seems to be the real blockage. Awareness-raising and / or training of breeders and young graduatesof agricultural schools on new development opportunities in the sector should boost it.

Comparison of fatty acid composition of milk from Holstein and local breed cows in two breeding systems

Milk production and quality are influenced by many factors, including nutrition, management practices and breed. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of farming management system and breed on the milk yield, and fatty acid composition of the milk from 50 confinement-fed cows that were fed a total mixed ration, and 52 pasture-fed cows grazed together in rangeland. Individual milk samples (N = 102) were collected once in February. Milk from local breed was characterized by a significantly lower milk yield, and somatic cell count, and a higher protein content than the Holstein breed. The fatty acid composition was relatively the same in both breeds. The result showed that farming management system has no significant effect on the milk yield, somatic cell count, and fat contents, while there was a significant effect on protein content and fatty acid composition. The milk of Holstein cows from extensive system was characterized by more favorable fat fractions with significantly lower concentrations of C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, the sum of short and medium chain saturated fatty acids and n-6: n-3 ratio, and also by higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids and the sum of n-3 than the milk of Holstein from intensive system.

Effect of epiphyseal plate fenestration on bone growth in dogs

This study is designed to know the effect of fenestration on the epiphyseal plate as amethod to truma and know it is effect on length of long bones Eleven of local breed bitched is used in this research are put in four group depending on the site of operation , tthree dogs in each group except for the last group which included tow dogs as follows: *the first group : the operation was performed on the distal epiphyseal plate of the femur *the second group : the operation was performed on the proximal epiphyseal plate of the tibia and fibula *the thrid group : the operation was performed on the distal epiphyseal plate of the tibia and fibula *the fourth group : the operation was performed on all sites mentioned above the cases was folowed up clinically and radiographically for six months , an x-Ray film was taken every fifteen days for the first three months and monthly for the other three months, the other hind limb of the animal was used for comparison. the clinical and radiographical follow up showed that fenestration of the epiphyseal platewas succssful to induce epiphysiodesis in first, third and fourth group without complication while it failed in the second group.

The physiological reaction in the local breed and introduced silkworm breeds on the difference in conditions of detention of the wintering eggs

The purpose of this study is the ascertainment of to the physiological responses to exogenous exposure to aqueous solutions of the drug “Violet-K” (C24H28N3Cl) in the phase of wintering eggs of the local and introduced silkworm species. Methods. The research was carried out according to the methodology developed by us for the content, selection and processing of material [9], [10]. Statistical analysis was performed according to G. F. Lakin [11]. Results. It was found that in the absence of sharp fluctuations of the temperature and air humidity, the effect of exposure to water and 0.01% and 0.001 % aqueous solutions of the “Violet-K” preparation on hibernating eggs causes a response of caterpillars at younger ages during molting, by the fifth age this effect diminishes. A strong response to the impact in terms of weight of caterpillars was revealed for the introduced silkworm species: against the background of minor fluctuations in the “Oragase” variant for caterpillars “Sverico-sari” the difference with the control by age is 16,4 % (III), 143,3 % (IV) and 27,3 % (V). The introduced species “Oragase” often differs from the “Sverico-sari” and the local breed “Veten” by the presence of negative responses: the weight of caterpillars after exposure compared to the control corresponds to + 43.7 % (III), + 65.0 % (IV), –36.2 % (V). It was found that the content of wintering grains in water and aqueous solutions of the “Violet-K” preparation leads to the weight increase of the silk shell: by 54.4–80.5 % (p < 0.05 and 0.001) in the local species, as well as by 11.4–16.1 % (0.001 %) and 2.7 % (0.01 % solution “Violet K”) p < 0.05 and 0.001. The species “Oragase” differs in this effect compared with the control, particularly, in the comparison with control, the impact promotes to a significant decrease in the weight of the silk shell by 33 % (–78.5 mg) and 22.5 % (–49.0 mg), p < 0.001. The impact is reflected in the date of departure of butterflies and the number of laid eggs, and only in introduced species: the positive effect compared to the control, on average on 1 female was 3.6–4.8 times higher (“Sverico-sari”) and 1.1 times (“Oragase”).

SNPs in Sheep: Characterization of Lithuanian Sheep Populations

In Lithuania, there are two recognised native sheep breeds: old native Lithuanian Coarsewooled and Lithuanian Blackface. In addition, in 2005, primitive Heidschnucke-type Skudde sheep were imported to Lithuania and were argued to possibly represent a lost Lithuanian sheep type. The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic variation in the two Lithuanian native sheep breeds, compare them with the imported Skudde sheep and establish the historical patterns of admixture and the genetic relatedness of Lithuanian sheep to British, Central European and Nordic sheep breeds included in the SheepHapMap study. In total, 72 individuals, representing two Lithuanian native and imported Skudde sheep breeds, were genotyped using a Neogen 12K Illumina Infinium chip. The population analysis was carried out by model-based clustering, principal component analysis and neighbour net analysis, and showed similar patterns for the Lithuanian sheep populations. Lithuanian Coarsewooled and Skudde in Lithuania have unique divergence and possibly some shared ancestry, while the Lithuanian Blackface conforms to a modern synthetic breed. The study clearly showed that the Coarsewooled and the Skudde breeds are distinct from each other. Historical data strongly suggest that the Coarsewooled breed represents a local breed, while the Skudde origin is less directly linked to the geographical area of modern-day Lithuania. Within the modern-day Lithuanian context, the Lithuanian Coarsewooled sheep is very important historical sheep type for conservation.