scholarly journals Reversible anaesthesia of free-ranging lions (Panthera leo) in Zimbabwe

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fahlman ◽  
A. Loveridge ◽  
C. Wenham ◽  
C. Foggin ◽  
J.M. Arnemo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Dose ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Drug Doses ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Free Ranging

The combination of medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine with subsequent antagonism by atipamezole was evaluated for reversible anaesthesia of free-ranging lions (Panthera leo). Twenty-one anaesthetic events of 17 free-ranging lions (5 males and 12 females, body weight 105-211 kg) were studied in Zimbabwe. Medetomidine at 0.027-0.055 mg / kg (total dose 4-11 mg) and zolazepam-tiletamine at 0.38-1.32 mg / kg (total dose 50-275 mg) were administered i.m. by dart injection. The doses were gradually decreased to improve recovery. Respiratory and heart rates, rectal temperature and relative haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded every 15 min. Arterial blood samples were collected from 5 lions for analysis of blood gases and acid-base status. For anaesthetic reversal, atipamezole was administered i.m. at 2.5 or 5 times the medetomidine dose. Induction was smooth and all lions were anaesthetised with good muscle relaxation within 3.4-9.5 min after darting. The predictable working time was a minimum of 1 h and no additional drug doses were needed. Respiratory and heart rates and SpO2 were stable throughout anaesthesia, whereas rectal temperature changed significantly over time. Atipamezole at 2.5 times the medetomidine dose was sufficient for reversal and recoveries were smooth and calm in all lions independent of the atipamezole dose. First sign of recovery was observed 3-27 min after reversal. The animals were up walking 8-26 min after reversal when zolazepamtiletamine doses <1 mg / kg were used. In practice, a total dose of 6 mg medetomidine and 80 mg zolazepam-tiletamine and reversal with 15 mg atipamezole can be used for either sex of an adult or subadult lion. The drugs and doses used in this study provided a reliable, safe and reversible anaesthesia protocol for free-ranging lions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Medetomidine-Ketamine for Immobilization of Feral Horses in Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Roşu ◽  
Iulia Melega ◽  
Alina L. Evans ◽  
Jon M. Arnemo ◽  
Susanne Küker
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Wide Range

Feral horses are immobilized for a variety of reasons including population control via contraceptives. Although opioid combinations have been successfully used for immobilization of feral horses, there is a need for combinations using drugs that are more readily available and present less of a human health hazard. We evaluated the chemical immobilization with physiological measurements and blood gas analyses of 91 free-ranging feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) remotely immobilized with a combination of 30 mg medetomidine and 775 mg ketamine in a single disposable 6 ml dart. During immobilization, heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, capillary refill time and peripheral oxygen hemoglobin saturation (SpO2) were evaluated. In eight horses, arterial blood samples were analyzed to evaluate the blood gases, acid-base status and hematologic variables. Targeted horses presented a wide range of age, size and body condition. Eighty-one horses had an uneventful mean induction of 7.2 min. Eighty-nine horses were immobilized in lateral recumbency with good muscle relaxation and a median recumbency time of 67 min. Ten horses required supplemental ketamine intravenously (x̄ = 434 mg) due to incomplete immobilization. In 58 horses the effects of medetomidine were antagonized with atipamezole intravenously. Increased respiratory rate (&gt;20 breaths/min), increased heart rate (&gt;45 beats/min) and decreased SpO2 &lt; 90% were noted in more than half of the individuals, while increased rectal temperature (&gt;39.0°C) was recorded in six animals. Blood parameters showed hypoxemia (&lt;90 mmHg, n = 8), hypercapnia (&gt;45 mmHg, n = 5), high glucose levels (&gt;134 mmol/L, n = 3), increased blood lactate (&gt;1.5 mmol/L), total carbon dioxide, bicarbonate and base excess which further increased in the second sample, whereas SpO2 and calcium values decreased. Recoveries were smooth, with one (n = 86) or more (n = 5) attempts of standing. Eighty-nine recoveries were uneventful, besides one male that showed signs of monoparesis of the left front leg and one mare with signs consistent with exertional myopathy. In conclusion, medetomidine-ketamine provided a reliable immobilization in feral horses over a wide range of body mass and age. However, based on the observed hypoxemia during immobilization, oxygen supplementation is strongly recommended for this protocol.

scholarly journals Hyperlactacemia in critically ill children: comparison of traditional and Fencl-Stewart methods

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Hari Kushartono ◽  
Antonius H. Pudjiadi ◽  
Susetyo Harry Purwanto ◽  
Imral Chair ◽  
Darlan Darwis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Base Excess ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Elevated Lactate

Background Base excess is a single variable used to quantifymetabolic component of acid base status. Several researches havecombined the traditional base excess method with the Stewartmethod for acid base physiology called as Fencl-Stewart method.Objective The purpose of the study was to compare two differentmethods in identifying hyperlactacemia in pediatric patients withcritical illness.Methods The study was performed on 43 patients admitted tothe pediatric intensive care unit of Cipto MangunkusumoHospital, Jakarta. Sodium, potassium, chloride, albumin, lactateand arterial blood gases were measured. All samples were takenfrom artery of all patients. Lactate level of >2 mEq/L was definedas abnormal. Standard base excess (SBE) was calculated fromthe standard bicarbonate derived from Henderson-Hasselbalchequation and reported on the blood gas analyzer. Base excessunmeasured anions (BE UA ) was calculated using the Fencl-Stewartmethod simplified by Story (2003). Correlation between lactatelevels in traditional and Fencl-Stewart methods were measuredby Pearson’s correlation coefficient .Results Elevated lactate levels were found in 24 (55.8%) patients.Lactate levels was more strongly correlated with BE UA (r = - 0.742,P<0.01) than with SBE (r = - 0.516, P<0.01).Conclusion Fencl-Stewart method is better than traditionalmethod in identifying patients with elevated lactate levels, so theFencl-Stewart method is suggested to use in clinical practice.

Anesthetic effects on liver and muscle glycogen concentrations: rest and postexercise

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2895-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Musch ◽  
B. S. Warfel ◽  
R. L. Moore ◽  
D. R. Larach
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Lactate ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

We compared the effects of three different anesthetics (halothane, ketamine-xylazine, and diethyl ether) on arterial blood gases, acid-base status, and tissue glycogen concentrations in rats subjected to 20 min of rest or treadmill exercise (10% grade, 28 m/min). Results demonstrated that exercise produced significant increases in arterial lactate concentrations along with reductions in arterial Pco2 (PaCO2) and bicarbonate concentrations in all rats compared with resting values. Furthermore, exercise produced significant reductions in the glycogen concentrations in the liver and soleus and plantaris muscles, whereas the glycogen concentrations found in the diaphragm and white gastrocnemius muscles were similar to those found at rest. Rats that received halothane and ketamine-xylazine anesthesia demonstrated an increase in Paco2 and a respiratory acidosis compared with rats that received either anesthesia. These differences in arterial blood gases and acid-base status did not appear to have any effect on tissue glycogen concentrations, because the glycogen contents found in liver and different skeletal muscles were similar to one another cross all three anesthetic groups. These data suggest that even though halothane and ketamine-xylazine anesthesia will produce a significant amount of ventilatory depression in the rat, both anesthetics may be used in studies where changes in tissue glycogen concentrations are being measured and where adequate general anesthesia is required.

Arterial blood gases and acid-base status of dogs during graded dynamic exercise

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1914-1919 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Musch ◽  
D. B. Friedman ◽  
G. C. Haidet ◽  
J. Stray-Gundersen ◽  
T. G. Waldrop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Acid Base Status

The objective of this study was to determine whether arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) decreases or remains unchanged from resting levels during mild to moderate steady-state exercise in the dog. To accomplish this, O2 consumption (VO2) arterial blood gases and acid-base status, arterial lactate concentration ([LA-]a), and rectal temperature (Tr) were measured in 27 chronically instrumented dogs at rest, during different levels of submaximal exercise, and during maximal exercise on a motor-driven treadmill. During mild exercise [35% of maximal O2 consumption (VO2 max)], PaCO2 decreased 5.3 +/- 0.4 Torr and resulted in a respiratory alkalosis (delta pHa = +0.029 +/- 0.005). Arterial PO2 (PaO2) increased 5.9 +/- 1.5 Torr and Tr increased 0.5 +/- 0.1 degree C. As the exercise levels progressed from mild to moderate exercise (64% of VO2 max) the magnitude of the hypocapnia and the resultant respiratory alkalosis remained unchanged as PaCO2 remained 5.9 +/- 0.7 Torr below and delta pHa remained 0.029 +/- 0.008 above resting values. When the exercise work rate was increased to elicit VO2 max (96 +/- 2 ml X kg-1 X min-1) the amount of hypocapnia again remained unchanged from submaximal exercise levels and PaCO2 remained 6.0 +/- 0.6 Torr below resting values; however, this response occurred despite continued increases in Tr (delta Tr = 1.7 +/- 0.1 degree C), significant increases in [LA-]a (delta [LA-]a = 2.5 +/- 0.4), and a resultant metabolic acidosis (delta pHa = -0.031 +/- 0.011). The dog, like other nonhuman vertebrates, responded to mild and moderate steady-state exercise with a significant hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Breath holding during intense exercise: arterial blood gases, pH, and lactate

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1947-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Matheson ◽  
D. C. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Breath Holding ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Arterial Po2

Seven healthy endurance-trained [maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) = 57.1 +/- 4.1 ml.kg-1.min-1)] female volunteers (mean age 24.4 +/- 3.6 yr) served as subjects in an experiment measuring arterial blood gases, acid-base status, and lactate changes while breath holding (BH) during intense intermittent exercise. By the use of a counterbalance design, each subject repeated five intervals of a 15-s on:30-s off treadmill run at 125% VO2max while BH and while breathing freely (NBH). Arterial blood for pH, PO2, PCO2, O2 saturation (SO2) HCO3, and lactate was sampled from a radial arterial catheter at the end of each work and rest interval and throughout recovery, and the results were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Significant reductions in pHa (delta mean = 0.07, P less than 0.01), arterial PO2 (delta mean = 24.2 Torr, P less than 0.01), and O2 saturation (delta mean = 4.6%, P less than 0.01) and elevations in arterial PCO2 (delta mean = 8.2 Torr, P less than 0.01) and arterial HCO3 (delta mean = 1.3 meq/l, P = 0.05) were found at the end of each exercise interval in the BH condition. All of the observed changes in arterial blood gases and acid-base status induced by BH were reversed during the rest intervals. During recovery, significantly (P less than 0.025) greater levels of arterial lactate were found in the BH condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesia for Carbon Dioxide Laser Microsurgery of the Larynx

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunilal B. Ruder ◽  
Naomi L. Rapheal ◽  
Allan L. Abramson ◽  
Robert M. Oliverio
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Jet Ventilation ◽  
Laser Microsurgery ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
Intravenous General Anesthesia ◽  
Total Compliance

Jet ventilation via the Sanders injector during intravenous general anesthesia provides excellent operative conditions for CO2 laser microsurgery of the larynx. This technique, which includes complete muscle relaxation, is superior to traditional methods of anesthesia because the endotracheal tube is eliminated, thus improving the surgical field and reducing burn hazards owing to ignition of the tube. The laryngoscope has been modified to carry multiple ports into which a 14-gauge needle is inserted and the tip advanced just distal to the vocal cords. This needle is securely attached to the injector and pressure from the oxygen source is adjusted according to the patient's build and total compliance. Satisfactory arterial blood gases, superb operating conditions, safety, and rapid awakening make this the method of choice for most patients.

Arterial blood gases fail to reflect acid-base status during cardiopulmonary resuscitation

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 884-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAX HARRY WEIL ◽  
WILLIAM GRUNDLER ◽  
MASANOBU YAMAGUCHI ◽  
SYBIL MICHAELS ◽  
ERIC C. RACKOW
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Acid Base Status

Arterial blood gases and acid-base status in awake rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brun-Pascaud ◽  
C. Gaudebout ◽  
M.C. Blayo ◽  
J.J. Pocidalo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Awake Rats
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