scholarly journals Tree size as a factor influencing leaf emergence and leaf fall in Acacia nigrescens and Combretum apiculatum in the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Novellie
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Combretum Apiculatum

In Acacia nigrescens and Combretum apiculatum saplings tended to retain leaves over the dry season, whereas the mature trees generally lost most of their leaves. In Acacia nigrescens the production of new leaves over the dry season was more commonly observed in saplings than in mature trees.

scholarly journals The Kruger National Park: Provision of Water for Wild Life

Oryx ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-189
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
General Fund ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Wild Life

Two years have passed since Colonel J. A. B. Sandenbergh, the Warden of the Kruger National Park, launched a public appeal to provide water for the wild life of the park. Subscriptions were invited for two purposes: the first to provide boreholes so that in the dry season animals could find water within reach of their grazing, the second to form a general fund to build dams to retard the run-off of rain water.

scholarly journals Standing crops of dominant combretum species at three browsing levels in the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Dayton
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Combretum Apiculatum ◽  
Different Levels

In red bushwillow veld near the Sand River in the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, a determination was made of the standing crops of Combretum apiculatum and C. zeyheri at browsing levels delineated by the maximum feeding heights of impala (1,5 m), kudu (2,5 m) and giraffe (5,5 m). Using harvested sample trees, logarithmic or linear regression equations were generated which related basal diameter or stem height to biomass or percentage of total biomass at the different levels. Biomass was divided into two components: current shoots and wood plus bark. Regression forms and variables which produced the highest correlation coefficients changed with changes in species or browsing level, however, most equations were logarithmic with basal diameter as the independent variable.

scholarly journals Changes in number and distribution of hippoptamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) in the Sabie River, Kruger National Park, during the 1992 drought

Koedoe ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Viljoen
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽  
Reduced Flow

The 1991/92 drought in Southern Africa and the effect of the resultant reduced flow of the Sabie River on hippopotami was investigated. Hippopotami are counted annually in the Kruger National Park's (KNP) major rivers as part of the park's monitoring pro- gramme. Two additional aerial surveys were conducted to document changes in hippopotamus population densities in the Sabie River during the drought period. The hippopotamus population decreased during the drought by 12.6 to 672 animals between July 1991 and October 1992. The highest and lowest hippopotamus densities recorded were 11.6 and 2.2 animals/km river length respectively in different river sections. Only 12 hippopotamus mortalities were recorded at the end of the 1992 dry season (October).

scholarly journals The impact of the provision of water for game on the woody vegetation around a dam in the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Thrash ◽  
P.J. Nel ◽  
G.K. Theron ◽  
J. Du P. Bothma
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
National Park ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Colophospermum Mopane ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Combretum Apiculatum

Quantitative inventory surveys were done on the woody vegetation in permanently marked plots at distance intervals from the Wik-en-Weeg Dam, Kruger National Park, in 1973. The surveys were repeated in 1990 so that changes in the community composition, the density and the canopy cover and the survival of the woody vegetation could be determined in relation to distance from the dam. Relationships with distance from the dam were shown for the relative density ofCombretumapiculatum in all height classes, the relative canopy cover of the second height class of woody plants, the relative canopy cover of C. apiculatum plants, the survival of all height classes of woody plants and the survival of C. apiculatum and Colophospermum mopane plants. It was concluded that the provision of water for game at the Wik-en-Weeg Dam had an impact on the woody vegetation in the vicinity. The relationships of parameters of the two dominant species, Combretum apiculatum and Colophospermum mopane, with distance from the dam were compared. Combretum apiculatum parameters were more sensitive to impact associated with the dam than those of Colophospermum mopane.

scholarly journals Numerical Assessments of Leaf Area Index in Tropical Savanna Rangelands, South Africa Using Landsat 8 OLI Derived Metrics and In-Situ Measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Dube ◽  
Santa Pandit ◽  
Cletah Shoko ◽  
Abel Ramoelo ◽  
Dominic Mazvimavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Area Index

Knowledge on rangeland condition, productivity patterns and possible thresholds of potential concern, as well as the escalation of risks in the face of climate change and variability over savanna grasslands is essential for wildlife/livestock management purposes. The estimation of leaf area index (LAI) in tropical savanna ecosystems is therefore fundamental for the proper planning and management of this natural capital. In this study, we assess the spatio-temporal seasonal LAI dynamics (dry and wet seasons) as a proxy for rangeland condition and productivity in the Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa. The 30 m Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) spectral bands, derived vegetation indices and a non-parametric approach (i.e., random forest, RF) were used to assess dry and wet season LAI condition and variability in the KNP. The results showed that RF optimization enhanced the model performance in estimating LAI. Moderately high accuracies were observed for the dry season (R2 of 0.63–0.72 and average RMSE of 0.60 m2/m2) and wet season (0.62–0.63 and 0.79 m2/m2). Derived thematic maps demonstrated that the park had high LAI estimates during the wet season when compared to the dry season. On average, LAI estimates ranged between 3 and 7 m2/m2 during the wet season, whereas for the dry season most parts of the park had LAI estimates ranging between 0.00 and 3.5 m2/m2. The findings indicate that Kruger National Park had high levels of productivity during the wet season monitoring period. Overall, this work shows the unique potential of Landsat 8-derived metrics in assessing LAI as a proxy for tropical savanna rangelands productivity. The result is relevant for wildlife management and habitat assessment and monitoring.

Dry season herbivore densities around drinking troughs in the Kruger National Park

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Thrash ◽  
G.K. Theron ◽  
J. du P. Bothma
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Kruger National Park

Ontogenetic changes in leaf phenology of a canopy species, Elateriospermum tapos (Euphorbiaceae), in a Malaysian rain forest

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORIYUKI OSADA ◽  
HIROSHI TAKEDA ◽  
AKIO FURUKAWA ◽  
MUHAMAD AWANG
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Leaf Phenology ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Canopy Species

Leaf phenology was studied in individuals of a canopy species, Elateriospermum tapos (Euphorbiaceae), at various ontogenetic stages, in a Malaysian rain forest. The timing of leaf emergence was not synchronized among sapling individuals, and was not correlated with any meteorological factors of the preceding month. The timing of leaf fall in saplings was positively correlated with net radiation, and maximum and minimum temperature, but negatively correlated with relative humidity the preceding month, although these correlations were weak. The leaf production rate was larger under higher light, but the leaf fall rate was not related to the light regime of the saplings. Thus, leaf production was enhanced by the light availability for each individual, while leaf fall may have been enhanced by drought stress. Non-synchronous leaf production appears to be important for sapling growth, allowing saplings to occupy better-lit space quickly. On the other hand, tall trees showed a clear synchronous leaf-fall pattern, with an annual cycle, and no meteorological factors were correlated with the timing of leaf fall. Mature trees of this species produced flowers simultaneously with new leaves, after shedding their leaves. This suggests that the need to synchronize flowering might be the primary determinant of leaf production phenology in mature individuals.

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