scholarly journals A clinical rating scale of speech dysfunction on Parkinson's disease

1978 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison K. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Muscle Rigidity ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Clinical Rating ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Clinical Rating Scale

The speech dysfunction of Parkinson's disease is complex and individually variable owing to the interaction of muscle rigidity, tremor and disturbance of movement. Eight speech dimensions which are characteristically disturbed in Parkinson's disease are discussed with reference to available research findings. In order to provide a more detailed description of the speech than could be obtained by clinical notes alone, a speech rating scale has been developed, and is presented in summarized form for clinical use. Incidence and progression of the speech dysfunction are considered in addition to the problems of assessment peculiar to the patient with Parkinson's disease.

scholarly journals Systemic Review on Parkinson’s Disease Medications, Emphasizing on Three Recently Approved Drugs to Control Parkinson’s Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Palanisamy Sivanandy ◽  
Tan Choo Leey ◽  
Tan Chi Xiang ◽  
Tan Chi Ling ◽  
Sean Ang Wey Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Global Impression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Muscle Rigidity ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Approved Drugs

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a disease that involves neurodegeneration and is characterised by the motor symptoms which include muscle rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia. Other non-motor symptoms include pain, depression, anxiety, and psychosis. This disease affects up to ten million people worldwide. The pathophysiology behind PD is due to the neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway. There are many conventional drugs used in the treatment of PD. However, there are limitations associated with conventional drugs. For instance, levodopa is associated with the on-off phenomenon, and it may induce wearing off as time progresses. Therefore, this review aimed to analyze the newly approved drugs by the United States-Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) from 2016–2019 as the adjuvant therapy for the treatment of PD symptoms in terms of efficacy and safety. The new drugs include safinamide, istradefylline and pimavanserin. From this review, safinamide is considered to be more efficacious and safer as the adjunct therapy to levodopa as compared to istradefylline in controlling the motor symptoms. In Study 016, both safinamide 50 mg (p = 0.0138) and 100 mg (p = 0.0006) have improved the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III score as compared to placebo. Improvement in Clinical Global Impression—Change (CGI-C), Clinical Global Impression—Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and off time were also seen in both groups of patients following the morning levodopa dose. Pimavanserin also showed favorable effects in ameliorating the symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease Psychosis (PDP). A combination of conventional therapy and non-pharmacological treatment is warranted to enhance the well-being of PD patients.

Comparative Analysis of Acute Levodopa Challenge Test and the Outcomes of Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusheng Chen ◽  
Jie Zu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Chuanying Xu ◽  
Guiyun Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Muscle Rigidity ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Deep Brain

Abstract Background We study the correlation between the preoperative levodopa challenge test and the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Fifty patients with PD who underwent DBS treatment in our hospital from October 2016 to October 2017 were enrolled in this study. Using the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale-III (UPDRS-III) as an indicator, we analyzed the improvement in motor symptoms on the levodopa challenge test and by DBS surgery. We also discussed the correlation between the effects of the levodopa challenge test and DBS surgery. Results There was no correlation between the results of the levodopa challenge test and DBS surgery. There was a linear correlation between muscle rigidity and bradykinesia, whereas the linear correlation between other symptoms was weak. Conclusion The levodopa challenge test can be used as a screening tool for patients undergoing DBS surgery, and can predict the degree of improvement in muscle rigidity and bradykinesia surgery. However, the prediction of the degree of improvement of total motor symptoms is poor.

scholarly journals Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy in Tremor Dominant Parkinson’s Disease: Long-Term Results

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alon Sinai ◽  
Maria Nassar ◽  
Elliot Sprecher ◽  
Marius Constantinescu ◽  
Menashe Zaaroor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Disease Rating ◽  
Updrs Part ◽  
Clinical Rating Scale

Background: MRI-guided focused ultrasound (FUS) has established short-term efficacy in tremor relief. Objective: We report our long-term experience of treating tremor with unilateral FUS unilateral VIM-thalamotomy in tremor dominant Parkinson’s disease (TDPD) patients. Methods: We report outcome of FUS thalamotomy in TDPD patients with 1–5 years of follow-up. Outcomes: tremor reduction assessed with Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST) and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS part III) overall and in the treated hemibody and safety. Results: Twenty-six TDPD patients completed 1–5 years of follow-up (median follow-up 36 months, range 12–60 months). Median age was 60 years (range 46–79), with median disease duration of 6 years (range 2–16). Immediately, treatment resulted in 100%improvement in tremor in the treated arm in 23 patients and 90%improvement in 3 patients. In 15 patients with leg tremor, 2 patients with chin tremor and 1 patient with head tremor, tremor was significantly improved. Up to 5 years, median CRST score, median UPDRS score, overall and in treated hemibody, decreased significantly as compared with baseline (p <  0.0001). In 2 patients tremor returned completely and in 8 patients there was partial return of tremor. Adverse events were mild and resolved within 3 months. At baseline 4 patients were not receiving any medication vs. 3 at last follow-up and 15 were not taking levodopa vs.9 at last follow-up. Conclusion: Unilateral FUS VIM-thalamotomy in TDPD patients was effective and safe and provided long-term tremor relief in most patients. FUS thalamotomy for tremor may delay initiation of levodopa treatment.

McMaster Clinical Rating Scale

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan W. Miller ◽  
Robert I. Kabacoff ◽  
Nathan B. Epstein ◽  
Duane S. Bishop ◽  
Gabor I. Keitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Rating ◽  
Clinical Rating Scale

Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Functional Rating Scale

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Kulisevsky ◽  
Ramón Fernández de Bobadilla ◽  
Javier Pagonabarraga
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Rating Scale

scholarly journals Azathioprine immunosuppression and disease modification in Parkinson’s disease (AZA-PD): a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled phase II trial protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e040527
Author(s):  
Julia C Greenland ◽  
Emma Cutting ◽  
Sonakshi Kadyan ◽  
Simon Bond ◽  
Anita Chhabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Immunosuppressant Medication

IntroductionThe immune system is implicated in the aetiology and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Inflammation and immune activation occur both in the brain and in the periphery, and a proinflammatory cytokine profile is associated with more rapid clinical progression. Furthermore, the risk of developing PD is related to genetic variation in immune-related genes and reduced by the use of immunosuppressant medication. We are therefore conducting a ‘proof of concept’ trial of azathioprine, an immunosuppressant medication, to investigate whether suppressing the peripheral immune system has a disease-modifying effect in PD.Methods and analysisAZA-PD is a phase II randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial in early PD. Sixty participants, with clinical markers indicating an elevated risk of disease progression and no inflammatory or immune comorbidity, will be treated (azathioprine:placebo, 1:1) for 12 months, with a further 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome is the change in the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale gait/axial score in the OFF state over the 12-month treatment period. Exploratory outcomes include additional measures of motor and cognitive function, non-motor symptoms and quality of life. In addition, peripheral and central immune markers will be investigated through analysis of blood, cerebrospinal fluid and PK-11195 positron emission tomography imaging.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the London-Westminster research ethics committee (reference 19/LO/1705) and has been accepted by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) for a clinical trials authorisation (reference CTA 12854/0248/001–0001). In addition, approval has been granted from the Administration of Radioactive Substances Advisory Committee. The results of this trial will be disseminated through publication in scientific journals and presentation at national and international conferences, and a lay summary will be available on our website.Trial registration numbersISRCTN14616801 and EudraCT- 2018-003089-14.

scholarly journals Glucocerebrosidase Activity is Reduced in Cryopreserved Parkinson’s Disease Patient Monocytes and Inversely Correlates with Motor Severity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Laura P. Hughes ◽  
Marilia M.M. Pereira ◽  
Deborah A. Hammond ◽  
John B. Kwok ◽  
Glenda M. Halliday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Motor Symptom ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Classical Monocytes

Background: Reduced activity of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase is found in brain tissue from Parkinson’s disease patients. Glucocerebrosidase is also highly expressed in peripheral blood monocytes where its activity is decreased in Parkinson’s disease patients, even in the absence of GBA mutation. Objective: To measure glucocerebrosidase activity in cryopreserved peripheral blood monocytes from 30 Parkinson’s disease patients and 30 matched controls and identify any clinical correlation with disease severity. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to measure lysosomal glucocerebrosidase activity in total, classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes. All participants underwent neurological examination and motor severity was assessed by the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Results: Glucocerebrosidase activity was significantly reduced in the total and classical monocyte populations from the Parkinson’s disease patients compared to controls. GCase activity in classical monocytes was inversely correlated to motor symptom severity. Conclusion: Significant differences in monocyte glucocerebrosidase activity can be detected in Parkinson’s disease patients using cryopreserved mononuclear cells and monocyte GCase activity correlated with motor features of disease. Being able to use cryopreserved cells will facilitate the larger multi-site trials needed to validate monocyte GCase activity as a Parkinson’s disease biomarker.

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