scholarly journals Psychiatric aspects of spinal cord injury

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-114
Author(s):  
A. J. Lasich
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured

The nature of behavioural and emotional reactions displayed by persons with spinal cord injury are described and the value of psychiatric involvement in the routine management is discussed. The importance of emotional care of spinal cord injured patients is emphasized with reference to certain general principles. The psychiatrist should be accessible to both staff and patients for ventilation of feelings. 

scholarly journals Epidemiolgy of spinal cord injury after acute odontoid fractures

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Harrop ◽  
Ashwini D. Sharan ◽  
Gregory J. Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
Associated Injuries ◽  
Odontoid Fractures ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured

Object Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) after odontoid fracture is unusual. To identify predisposing factors, the authors evaluated a consecutive series of patients who sustained SCI from odontoid fractures. Methods A consecutive series of 5096 admissions to the Delaware Valley Regional Spinal Cord Injury Center were reviewed, and 126 patients with neurological impairment at the C1–3 levels were identified. Seventeen patients had acute closed odontoid fractures with neurological deficit. Various parameters including demographics, mechanisms of injury, associated injuries, fracture types/displacements, and radiographic cervical canal dimensions were compared between “complete” and “incomplete” spinal cord injured–patients as well as with neurologically intact patients who had suffered odontoid fractures. There were similar demographics, mechanisms of injury, associated injuries, fracture type/displacement, and canal dimensions in patients with complete and incomplete SCIs. However, only patients with complete injury were ventilator dependent. In comparison with patients with intact spinal cords, spinal cord–injured patients were more commonly males (p = 0.011) who had sustained higher velocity injuries (p = 0.027). The computerized tomography scans of 11 of 17 neurologically impaired patients were compared with those of a random sample of 11 patients with intact spinal cords. Although the anteroposterior diameter (p = 0.028) and cross-sectional area (p = 0.0004) of the cervical spinal canal at the C–2 level were smaller in impaired patients, the displacement of the fragment was not different. Conclusions Odontoid fractures are an infrequent cause of SCI. Patients with these injuries typically are males who have smaller spinal canals and have sustained high velocity injuries.

Lower Extremity Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation in Cases of Spinal Cord Injury

Neurosurgery ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Cybulski ◽  
Richard D. Penn ◽  
Robert J. Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation ◽  
Neuromuscular Stimulation ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured

Abstract Functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) provides a mechanism for the activation of muscles paralyzed by injury to the spinal cord. Although this technique was first used to treat patients with spinal cord injury over 20 years ago, only recent advances in electronics and biomechanics have made it a promising aid for the rehabilitation of these patients. Thus far, restoration of palmar prehension and lateral prehension in quadriplegics and of standing and biped gait in paraplegics has been achieved under carefully controlled laboratory conditions. This article reviews the current status of FNS and its potential as a practical tool to aid spinal cord-injured patients. Neurosurgeons who care for these patients might be expected to be involved in the future use of FNS if implantable systems are developed and tested.

scholarly journals Noninvasive determination of inspiratory pressure in patients with spinal cord injury: what is the best method?

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-260
Author(s):  
Andrea Ponte Rocha ◽  
Sergio Ricardo Menezes Mateus ◽  
Thomas Anthony Horan ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Siebra Beraldo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Impaired Pulmonary Function ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured ◽  
Sniff Nasal Inspiratory Pressure

The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) and MIP in individuals with spinal cord injury. We evaluated 26 patients with spinal cord injury. Mean FVC in those with tetraplegia was 52 ± 19% of predicted, compared with 78 ± 23% of predicted in those with paraplegia (p < 0.05). In contrast, the percentage of predicted SNIP was lower in those with tetraplegia than in those with paraplegia (p < 0.05). In all participants, SNIP correlated significantly with the level of the injury (r = 0.489; 95% CI: 0.125-0.737). The impact that the greater discriminatory power of SNIP has on the diagnosis of impaired pulmonary function in spinal cord-injured patients should be investigated further.

The management of fertility in spinal cord injury

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel Fode ◽  
Jens Sønksen
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Sperm Retrieval ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Right ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured

While spinal cord injury (SCI) does not affect female fertility, the condition most often results in infertility in males due to anejaculation and reduced semen quality. Anejaculation is caused by disruption of the autonomic nerve fibres, which are normally responsible for the ejaculation. The reason for the poor sperm quality has not been firmly established. If spinal cord injured men cannot ejaculate by sexual intercourse or masturbation, ejaculation can be induced by either penile vibratory stimulation or electroejaculation. Only if these methods fail should surgical sperm retrieval be considered. The method of insemination depends largely on the total motile sperm count and patient preference. With the right treatment, it is possible for most SCI men to have children.

scholarly journals Intrinsic and Extrinsic Contributions to Seated Balance in the Sagittal and Coronal Planes: Implications for Trunk Control After Spinal Cord Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa L. Audu ◽  
Ronald J. Triolo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Active System ◽  
Trunk Control ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Seated Balance ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Trunk Orientation ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured

The contributions of intrinsic (passive) and extrinsic (active) properties of the human trunk, in terms of the simultaneous actions about the hip and spinal joints, to the control of sagittal and coronal seated balance were examined. Able-bodied (ABD) and spinal-cord-injured (SCI) volunteers sat on a moving platform which underwent small amplitude perturbations in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions while changes to trunk orientation were measured. A linear parametric model that related platform movement to trunk angle was fit to the experimental data by identifying model parameters in the time domain. The results showed that spinal cord injury leads to a systematic reduction in the extrinsic characteristics, while most of the intrinsic characteristics were rarely affected. In both SCI and ABD individuals, passive characteristics alone were not enough to maintain seated balance. Passive stiffness in the ML direction was almost 3 times that in the AP direction, making more extrinsic mechanisms necessary for balance in the latter direction. Proportional and derivative terms of the extrinsic model made the largest contribution to the overall output from the active system, implying that a simple proportional plus derivative (PD) controller structure will suffice for restoring seated balance after spinal cord injury.

The Rehabilitation Problems and needs of the Spinal-Cord Injured: A Pilot Study

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Felice ◽  
John E. Muthard ◽  
Laurie S. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Counselors ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured

The findings of a pilot study of spinal-cord injury in Florida covering three topics are reported: 1) the incidence of spinal-cord injury in Florida, 2) the experiences of spinal-cord injured (SCI) persons and vocational rehabilitation counselors and their perceptions of the adequacy of their community's treatment and rehabilitation services for the SCI, and 3) the availability of facilities, equipment, and personnel for the care of SCI individuals in Florida. Recent developments in care for the SCI in Florida are discussed.

Opinions on the Preclinical Evaluation of Novel Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury: A Comparison between Researchers and Spinal Cord-Injured Individuals

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 2367-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K. Kwon ◽  
Arvindera Ghag ◽  
Leilani Reichl ◽  
Marcel F. Dvorak ◽  
Judy Illes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Preclinical Evaluation ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured

scholarly journals Advantage in muscle activation in gait with support of body weight in spinal cord injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Saccol Borin ◽  
Tânia Valdameri Capelari ◽  
Melissa Grigol Goldhardt ◽  
Márcia Cristina Issa ◽  
Diego Antônio Pereira Bica dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Body Weight Support ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Injured Patients

Abstract Introduction: The locomotor training with body weight support has been proposed as an alternative for the rehabilitation of people with spinal cord injury, in order to develop most of the residual potential of the body. Objective: To compare the levels of muscle activation of the main muscle involved in gait during body weight-supported treadmill training and body weight-supported overground training in incomplete spinal cord injured patients. Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional study, in which 11 incomplete injured patients were submitted to two modalities of gait with body weight support, the first one on the treadmill (two different speeds: 1 and 4km/h), and the second one with the walker on fixed floor. The electromyographical acquisition was done in the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL) and gluteus maximus (GM). Results: There was a greater muscle activation of all muscles analyzed in the treadmill training as compared to the over groundtraining, both at 4 km/h (RF: p=0.00), (VM: p=0.00), (VL: p=0.00) e (GM: p=0.00) and at 1km/h (RF: p=0.00), (VM: p=0.00), (VL: p=0.00) e (GM: p=0.00). When comparing the two modalities of treadmill training, at 4 and 1km/h, there was no statically significant difference between them (RF: p=0.36), (VM: p=1.00), (VL: p=1.00) e (GM: p=0.16). Conclusion: The gait training with body weight support is more effective in activating the muscles involved in the gait training on treadmill compared to overground training in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury.

scholarly journals Evidence for greater burden of peripheral arterial disease in lower extremity arteries of spinal cord-injured individuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (3) ◽  
pp. H766-H772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Bell ◽  
David Chen ◽  
Martin Bahls ◽  
Sean C. Newcomer
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured

Spinal cord injury leads to increased risk for cardiovascular disease and results in greater risk of death. Subclinical markers of atherosclerosis have been reported in carotid arteries of spinal cord-injured individuals (SCI), but the development of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has not been investigated in this population. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of spinal cord injury on ankle-brachial index (ABI) and intima-media thickness (IMT) of upper-body and lower-extremity arteries. We hypothesized that the aforementioned measures of lower-extremity PAD would be worsened in SCI compared with controls and that regular participation in endurance exercise would improve these in both groups. To test these hypotheses, ABI and IMT were determined in 105 SCI and compared with 156 able-bodied controls with groups further subdivided into physically active and sedentary. ABIs were significantly lower in SCI versus controls (0.96 ± 0.12 vs. 1.06 ± 0.07, P < 0.001), indicating a greater burden of lower-extremity PAD. Upper-body IMTs were similar for brachial and carotid arteries in controls versus SCI. Lower extremity IMTs revealed similar thicknesses for both superficial femoral and popliteal arteries, but when normalized for artery diameter, individuals with SCI had greater IMT than controls in the superficial femoral (0.094 ± 0.03 vs. 0.073 ± 0.02 mm/mm lumen diameter, P < 0.01) and popliteal (0.117 ± 0.04 vs. 0.091 ± 0.02 mm/mm lumen diameter, P < 0.01) arteries. The ABI and normalized IMT of SCI compared with controls indicate that subclinical measures of lower-extremity PAD are worsened in individuals with SCI. These findings should prompt physicians to consider using the ABI as a screening method to detect lower-extremity PAD in SCI.

The Influence of Spinal Cord Injury on Coping Styles and Self-Perceptions: A Controlled Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Hancock ◽  
Ashley Craig ◽  
Chris Tennant ◽  
Esther Chang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Usa ◽  
One Year ◽  
Injured Patients

Well-controlled research investigating psychological responses following Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is lacking. In addition, much of the literature is based on depression following SCI and is dominated by data from the USA. The effects of SCI on perceptions of control, self-esteem and coping styles over the first year of SCI were investigated. Forty-one acute spinal injured patients and 41 able-bodied controls matched for age, sex and education completed a variety of standardised questionnaires on three occasions over one year. The instruments included the Locus of Control of Behaviour Scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, and an adapted Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) Scale which measures coping styles, including fighting spirit, helplessness/hopelessness and fatalism. The SCI group were found to be more external in their perceptions of control, lower in self-esteem, and more helpless/hopeless and fatalistic in attitude than the controls. The majority of the SCI group had scores reflecting adaptive coping styles and intact levels of self-esteem but there were still a substantial proportion who displayed maladaptive coping styles (e.g. external locus of control, fatalism, helplessness). No differences in scores across time were found for either group. Implications for psychological rehabilitation are discussed.

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