scholarly journals Geographic distribution and spatial analysis of Leishmania infantum infection in domestic and wild animal reservoir hosts of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Iran: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Moradi-Asl ◽  
M Mohebali ◽  
Y Rassi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis

scholarly journals Molecular Identification and Polymorphism Determination of Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis Agents Isolated from Human and Animal Hosts in Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homa Hajjaran ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
Setareh Mamishi ◽  
Farzaneh Vasigheh ◽  
Mohammad Ali Oshaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
Culture Positive

Amplification of internal transcript spacer 1 of ribosomal RNA (ITS1-RNA) gene followed by RFLP analysis and sequencing was used to identify the causing agents of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis (CL and VL) in humans and animal reservoir hosts from various geographical areas in Iran. We also used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) to obtain polymorphisms among isolates ofLeishmaniaspp. Totally, 362 suspected human and animal cases including 173 CL, 49 VL, 60 rodents, and 80 domestic dogs were examined forLeishmaniainfection. From 112 culture-positive samples prepared from CL cases, 75 (67%) were infected withL. majorand 37 (33%) withL. tropica. Of the 60 rodents examined, 25 (41.6%) harbored theLeishmaniainfection; 21 were infected withL. majorand 4 withL. turanica. From 49 suspected VL, 29 were positive by direct agglutination test (DAT), whereas microscopy detected parasite in bone marrow of 25 and culture in 28 of the patients. Two VL patients were infected withL. tropicaand 26 withL. infantum. Of the 80 domestic dogs, 56 showed anti-Leishmaniaantibodies with DAT. Of these, 55 were positive by both microscopy and culture. Molecular identity, obtained only for 47 samples, revealedL. infantumin 43 andL. tropicain 4 dogs. The polymorphisms amongL. tropicaandL. majorisolates were 3.6% and 7.3%; the rate among human and canine VL isolates was 2.8% and 9.8%, respectively. Our results showed that at least four differentLeishmaniaspecies with various polymorphisms circulate among humans and animal hosts in Iran.

scholarly journals Leishmania infantumGenetic Diversity andLutzomyia longipalpisMitochondrial Haplotypes in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla ◽  
Letícia Tsieme Gushi ◽  
Maria do Socorro Pires e Cruz ◽  
Carlos Henrique Nery Costa ◽  
Dorcas Lamounier Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

Leishmania infantumis the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Americas with domestic dogs being its major reservoir hosts. The main VL vector is the sandflyLutzomyia longipalpis, while otherLutzomyiaspecies may play a role in disease transmission. Although the genetic structure ofL. infantumpopulations has been widely evaluated, only a few studies have addressed this subject coupled to the genetic structure of the respective sandfly vectors. In this study, we analyzed the population structure ofL. infantumin three major VL endemic areas in Brazil and associated it withLutzomyia longipalpisgeographic structure.

scholarly journals Correction: Enhanced attraction of sand fly vectors of Leishmania infantum to dogs infected with zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0009947
Author(s):  
Ifhem Chelbi ◽  
Khouloud Maghraoui ◽  
Sami Zhioua ◽  
Saifedine Cherni ◽  
Imen Labidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Fly Vectors ◽  
Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis

scholarly journals Designing and Evaluation of a Recombinant Multiepitope Protein by Using ELISA for Diagnosis of Leishmania infantum Infected in Dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Yaghoubi ◽  
Mojgan Bandehpour ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
Behnaz Akhoundi ◽  
Bahram Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of leishmaniasis. Correct identification of infected patients and reservoirs is vital to control the spread of VL. One important step in the control of Zoonotic Visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is the identification of infected dogs, which are the main domestic reservoir hosts of Leishmania infantum. We aimed to prepare and evaluate a new recombinant antigen using Bioinformatics tools for diagnosis of ZVL in domestic dogs. Methods: The present study was carried out in Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran  during 2015- 2018. Three L. infantum (JPCM5 strain) proteins were analyzed as follows: Nucleotide sequences of the surface proteins, putative amastin-like surface protein (P1), surface antigen protein 2 precursor (P2) and surface antigen-like protein (P3). The epitopes were predicted by several different bioinformatics servers using different methods. The predicted epitopes were selected with the highest immunogenic potential (P1P2P3) linked to each other with linkers (Gly, Se) and synthesized. Then the expression and protein purification were performed. In total, 114 serum samples were collected at 7 months. Positive and negative sera were confirmed using direct agglutination test (DAT). These recombinant antigens from L. infantum were used by indirect ELISA. Results: Considering the cut-off point of 0.23, the test showed a sensitivity of 98% (95%CI=89.50%-99.90%) and a specificity of 95.31% (95%CI=87.10%-98.72%). Kappa analysis indicated very good agreement (kappa=0.831) between ELISA and DAT (P<0.05). Conclusion: ELISA using the recombinant protein P1P2P3 has great potential for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL).

scholarly journals Enhanced attraction of sand fly vectors of Leishmania infantum to dogs infected with zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0009647
Author(s):  
Ifhem Chelbi ◽  
Khouloud Maghraoui ◽  
Sami Zhioua ◽  
Saifedine Cherni ◽  
Imen Labidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Phlebotomus Perfiliewi ◽  
Sand Fly Vectors ◽  
Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis

Background The sand fly Phlebotomus perniciosus is the main vector of Leishmania infantum, etiological agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in the Western Mediterranean basin. Dogs are the main reservoir host of this disease. The main objective of this study was to determine, under both laboratory and field conditions, if dogs infected with L. infantum, were more attractive to female P. perniciosus than uninfected dogs. Methodology/Principal findings We carried out a series of host choice experiments and found that infected dogs were significantly more attractive to P. perniciosus than uninfected dogs in the laboratory as well as in the field. Significantly more P. perniciosus fed on infected dogs than on uninfected dogs. However, the fecundity of P. perniciosus fed on infected dogs was adversely impacted compared to uninfected dogs by lowering the number of laid eggs. Phlebotomus perfiliewi, the second most abundant sand fly species in the field site and a competent vector of L. infantum had similar trends of attractivity as P. perniciosus toward infected dogs under field conditions. Conclusions The results strongly suggest that L. infantum causes physiological changes in the reservoir host which lead to the host becoming more attractive to both male and female P. perniciosus. These changes are likely to improve the chance of successful transmission because of increased contact with infected hosts and therefore, infected dogs should be particularly targeted in the control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in North Africa.

scholarly journals Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Algeria; Highlight on the Focus of M’Sila

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Razika Beniklef ◽  
Karim Aoun ◽  
Karim Boudrissa ◽  
Meriem Ben Abid ◽  
Kamel Cherif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Psammomys Obesus ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Underlying Risk

Algeria ranks second after Afghanistan for the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) worldwide. Here, we report a 34-years retrospective analysis of CL in Algeria and focused on the most affected region, the M’Sila province. All 66 cutaneous isolates corresponded to Leishmania (L.) major. Our study of the sandfly and rodent fauna further highlighted the high density of Phlebotomus papatasi and additional phlebotomine species of medical importance, not previously identified in M’Sila. Wild rodents belonging to nine species were trapped in M’Sila, and Psammomys obesus and Meriones shawi were found infected by L. major. In addition, Leishmania infantum was isolated from two visceral leishmaniasis cases, one dog and its proven vectors (P. perniciosus, P. longicuspis, and P. perfiliewi) inventoried during the survey. The high incidence of CL in the M’Sila province is likely a consequence of the increase in minimum temperatures recorded that constitutes suitable conditions for establishing a high endemicity and leads to an explosive rise in leishmaniases cases in this region. A thorough investigation of the underlying risk factors is urgently needed to detect new cases earlier. All these would improve the preparedness to fight the disease.

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