An unusual extra‑axial hypodense lesion mimicking a chronic subdural haematoma

ABSTRACTA 59-year-old man was found on the road with multiple injuries. CT scan showed a hypodense extra axial lesion in the left fronto‑temporal region suggestive of chronic subdural haematoma. He was treated conservatively but did not improve. He underwent craniectomy after lesion was shown to be increasing in size, only solid tissue was seen which was not biopsied. Patient made good recovery after steroids were put on. He deteriorated again 6 weeks later and radiology showed the frontal lesion without involvement of the brain and with minimal enhancement and mass effect. He underwent biopsy decompression of the lesion with steroids, post‑operatively he improved well, but deteriorated when the steroids were tapered. Histopathology report was Non‑Hodgkin’s lymphoma. No primary was found and the patient died during oncology treatment. This illustrates manifestation of primary dural lymphoma radiologically mimicking chronic subdural haematoma, another common disorder.

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The Impact of Head Trauma on Society

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100045935 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 417-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leslie P. Ivan

Keyword(s):

Head Trauma ◽

Head Injuries ◽

The Road ◽

Management Problems ◽

Trauma Victims ◽

On The Road ◽

Football Field ◽

The Impact ◽

The Brain ◽

At Home

In this address I shall discuss head trauma from an angle which may be unusual for neuroscientists. Our preoccupations are diagnostic challenges and management problems, but that which we experience at the bedside is only a narrow segment of a continuum which started with trauma somewhere in a war, on the road, at home, on the football field, in the boxing ring, and in many other distinct locations. When our role is over, there are only three places where head trauma victims can be found; in cemeteries, where every year, 5,000 new graves are made to accommodate fatal head injuries in Canada; in chronic hospitals, which are already overloaded with victims of various insults to the brain, and, of course, within society, which accepts the fully recovered or tolerates the subtle and not so subtle consequences of so-called ‘minor’ head injuries.

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Substance use disorders: leading the road to recovery

RSC Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0md00161a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 741-744

Author(s):

Emily K. Dennis ◽

Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

The Road ◽

On The Road ◽

The Brain ◽

Opinion Article

Substance use disorders are diseases of the brain that create a dependency to various drugs. This opinion article provides an overview of the treatments available for these disorders and a perspective of what remains to be done on the road to recovery.

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Human-Computer Interaction with Special Emphasis on Converting Brain Signals to Speech

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.f3650.049620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 523-529

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Machine Learning ◽

Science Fiction ◽

Linear Models ◽

Learning Algorithms ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

The Road ◽

Brain Signals ◽

On The Road ◽

The Brain

Huge hurdle neuro engineers face on the road to effective brain-computer interfaces is attempting to translate the big selection of signals made by our brain into words pictures which may be simply communicable. The science-fiction plan of having the ability to manage devices or communicate with others simply by thinking is slowly but surely, obtaining nearer to reality. Translating brainwaves into words has been another large challenge for researchers, but again with the help of machine learning algorithms, superb advances are seen in recent years. The exploitation of deep learning and acceptable machine learning algorithms, the management signals from the brain will regenerate to some actions or some speech or text. For this, a neural network is created for the brain and conjointly a mapping is completed to catch all the brain signals in which neural network will be additionally used for changing these signals into actions. From the past literature, it is being concluded that the Deep Neural Networks are one of the main algorithms that are being placed into use for this research. This review article majorly focuses on studying the behavioral patterns generated by the brain signals and how they can be converted into actions effectively so that people suffering from semi or full paralysis can use this technology to live a normal life if not completely but to a certain extent. Also, it focuses on analyzing and drawing a comparison between linear and non-linear models and to conclude the best-suited model for the same currently available to the researchers.

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Transient Global Amnesia in a Patient with Pituitary Adenoma: Causal or Chance Association?

Case Reports in Neurology ◽

10.1159/000502086 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 238-241

Author(s):

Seunghee Na ◽

Eek-Sung Lee ◽

Seung-Jae Lee

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Tumor ◽

Medial Temporal Lobe ◽

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Transient Global Amnesia ◽

Mass Effect ◽

Temporal Region ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Eloquent Area ◽

Global Amnesia ◽

The Brain

A 65-year-old man with no underlying medical history visited the neurology department due to transient amnesia lasting for about 8 h. During the amnesia episode, he was alert but showed repetitive questioning. The episode fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for transient global amnesia (TGA). On workups for excluding alternative diagnoses, the brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 3 × 6 cm-sized hemorrhagic pituitary tumor extending to the left medial temporal lobe and anterior hippocampus. The electroencephalogram revealed intermittent slowing in the left temporal region with normal backgrounds. The tumor was surgically removed and pathologically proven to be a nonfunctioning adenoma. At 6 months postoperatively, no complication or new amnestic episode occurred. Thus, our case had a typical TGA as the first manifestation of a pituitary tumor. There were no features of epileptic amnesia. Transiently altered flow status from a mass effect in the memory-eloquent area might be the possible pathogenic mechanism underlying the TGA though there still remains a probability of chance concurrence of TGA and tumor.

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2. An Unusual Death due to the Impalement of a Gear Stick into the Brain Stem through the Nasal Cavity

Medicine Science and the Law ◽

10.1258/rsmmsl.45.2.176 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 176-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hideki Nozawa ◽

Kanako Watanabe ◽

Osamu Suzuki ◽

Hiroshi Seno

Keyword(s):

Nasal Cavity ◽

Brain Stem ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽

Sella Turcica ◽

Steering Wheel ◽

The Road ◽

On The Road ◽

The Right ◽

The Brain

A 59-year-old male was driving a car on the road and was involved in a traffic accident, colliding with a tanker and a big lorry. When an ambulance arrived at the scene, he was in a state of cardiopulmonary arrest and was bleeding profusely from his right nostril. He was confirmed dead at hospital. The autopsy showed a laceration of the right upper lip extending to the right nostril. In the basal skull there was a notable perforation at the ethmoid bone together with the central part of the sphenoid bone including the sella turcica. In accordance with the basal skull bone fractures, there were pronounced contusion injuries at the brain stem and a contusion injury was also observed in the right part of the cerebellum. After careful investigation of a causative stick-like item that was present inside the car, it was concluded that a severe movement of the man's body, as a result of the traffic collision, caused the gear stick which was fixed to the steering wheel to become impaled in the man's right nostril. The gear stick passed through the nasal cavity and into the basal skull bones, resulting in fatal brain stem injuries.

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