Variations in canal morphology, shapes, and positions of major foramen in maxillary and mandibular teeth

Aim : To investigate the number and. patterns of. root canals. of mandibular. first. molars.. Methods.: Descriptive observational study to investigate the canal morphology using clearing technique. The duration of the study was one year from 1st February 2020 to 1st February 2021.Non purposive sampling technique was used and 200 mandibular first molar were collected. Data collected was analysed using the SPSS Vr 10. Study variables include Number and pattern of the roots in mandibular teeth. Descriptive statistics were used; frequencies of the root canals and their canal pattern were calculated. Results: In the mesial root, 14 teeth had a one root canal,186 possessed double root canals were observed. Distal root of 160 teeth possessed one canal, 40 teeth possessed two root canals with type 1 pattern mostly observed. Conclusion: Like other populations Pakistani population may have a diverse root canal system in the mandibular molars that ultimately affect endodontic therapy. Keywords: Roots, canals, anatomy, tooth clearing technique, demineralization

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Variations in the Root Morphology of Mandibular Teeth

Journal of Health Sciences & Research ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10042-1056 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 84-88

Author(s):

Annapurna Kini ◽

Narayanaswamy Shubhashini ◽

Geeta I Bolbanai ◽

Rasana P Veettil

Keyword(s):

Root Morphology ◽

Root Canal ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Canal System ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Single Root ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Root Canal System ◽

Mandibular Teeth ◽

Canal Morphology

ABSTRACT Aim To present two cases of rare morphological variations of mandibular teeth which were successfully treated endodontically. Background Variations in root and root canal morphology can be found associated with any tooth with varying degree and incidence. To execute an excellent root canal treatment, the clinician should have thorough knowledge of root canal anatomy. Case report Mandibular premolars and canines usually have a single root and single canal. Occurrences of two roots in such teeth are morphological rarities. Endodontic therapy was performed successfully in these rare cases with the help of preoperative radiographs at different angulations. Conclusion The root canal system is a complex structure that possesses aberrant anatomical and morphological variations. During endodontic therapy, it is always mandatory to follow the guidelines and laws to understand the complexities of the space that has to be cleaned and obturate. Clinical significance Thorough understanding and exploration of the complex root canal system with the help of available diagnostic aids is essential for a successful endodontic therapy. How to cite this article Veettil RP, Shubhashini N, Kini A, Bolbanai GI. Variations in the Root Morphology of Mandibular Teeth. J Health Sci Res 2017;8(2):84-88.

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EXTRA-ORAL APICECTOMY OF A MANDIBULAR TEETH

10.26226/morressier.578e3b4ed462b8029238233d ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Faria

Keyword(s):

Mandibular Teeth

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Effectiveness of Buccal Infiltration and Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block With Articaine for Extraction of Mandibular Teeth- A Randomized Clinical Trial

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04294745 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Nerve Block ◽

Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽

Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block ◽

Mandibular Teeth ◽

Buccal Infiltration

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The Effects of Ni-Ti Hand Files, Ni-Ti Engine Files, and K-Flex Files on Root Canal Morphology

10.21236/ada267888 ◽

1992 ◽

Author(s):

Charles R. Glosson

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Canal Morphology

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A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary Second Premolars in a Pakistani Cohort

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5086

Author(s):

Mazen F. Alkahtany ◽

Saqib Ali ◽

Abdul Khabeer ◽

Shafqat A. Shah ◽

Khalid H. Almadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Ct Scanning ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Single Root ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Spss Software ◽

Variable Morphology ◽

Canal Morphology

This study aimed to investigate variations in the root canal morphology of maxillary second premolar (MSP) teeth using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Sixty (N = 60) human extracted MSPs were collected and prepared for micro-CT scanning. The duration for scanning a single sample ranged between 30 and 40 min and a three-dimensional (3-D) image was obtained for all the MSPs. The images were evaluated by a single observer who recorded the canal morphology type, number of roots, canal orifices, apical foramina(s), apical delta(s), and accessory canals. The root canal configuration was categorized in agreement with Vertucci’s classification, and any configuration not in agreement with Vertucci’s classification was reported as an “additional canal configuration”. Descriptive statistics (such as mean percentages) were calculated using SPSS software. The most common types agreeing with Vertucci’s classification (in order of highest to lowest incidence) were types I, III, V, VII, II, and VI. The teeth also exhibited four additional configurations that were different from Vertucci’s classification: types 2-3, 1-2-3, 2-1-2-1, and 1-2-1-3. A single root was found in 96.7% and the majority of the samples demonstrated two canals (73.3%). Further, 80% of the teeth showed one canal orifice. The number of apical foramina’s in the teeth was variable, with 56.7% having solitary apical foramen. The accessory canal was found in 33.3%, and apical delta was found in only 20% of the samples. Variable morphology of the MSPs was detected in our study. The canal configuration most prevalent was type 1; however, the results also revealed some additional canal types.

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Pseudogenized Amelogenin Reveals Early Tooth Loss in True Toads (Anura: Bufonidae)

Integrative and Comparative Biology ◽

10.1093/icb/icab039 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

John Shaheen ◽

Austin B Mudd ◽

Thomas G H Diekwisch ◽

John Abramyan

Keyword(s):

Tooth Loss ◽

Tooth Enamel ◽

Synonymous Substitution ◽

Bufo Bufo ◽

Molecular Dating ◽

Bufo Gargarizans ◽

The Family ◽

Synonymous Substitution Rates ◽

Mandibular Teeth ◽

Early Tooth Loss

Abstract Extant anurans (frogs and toads) exhibit reduced dentition, ranging from a lack of mandibular teeth to complete edentulation, as observed in the true toads of the family Bufonidae. The evolutionary timeline of these reductions remains vague due to a poor fossil record. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between the lack of teeth in edentulous vertebrates and the pseudogenization of the major tooth enamel gene amelogenin (AMEL) through accumulation of deleterious mutations and the disruption of its coding sequence. In the present study we have harnessed the pseudogenization of AMEL as a molecular dating tool to correlate loss of dentition with genomic mutation patterns during the rise of the family Bufonidae. Specifically, we have utilized AMEL pseudogenes in three members of the family as a tool to estimate the putative date of edentulation in true toads. Comparison of AMEL sequences from Rhinella marina, Bufo gargarizans and Bufo bufo, with nine extant, dentulous frogs, revealed mutations confirming AMEL inactivation in Bufonidae. AMEL pseudogenes in modern bufonids also exhibited remarkably high 86–93% sequence identity among each other, with only a slight increase in substitution rate and relaxation of selective pressure, in comparison to functional copies in other anurans. Moreover, using selection intensity estimates and synonymous substitution rates, analysis of functional and pseudogenized AMEL resulted in an estimated inactivation window of 46-60 MYA in the lineage leading to modern true toads, a timeline that coincides with the rise of the family Bufonidae.

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