Prevalence of Vestibular Dysfunction with Presbycusis among Elderly in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3478-3480
Author(s):  
Mohammed Amin Onn ◽  
Khairi Md Daud ◽  
Rosdan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vestibular Dysfunction ◽  
Head Impulse Test ◽  
Video Head Impulse Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Of Independence ◽  
Head Impulse ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction in the Malaysian elderly and its association with presbycusis, age and other associated risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in a tertiary otorhinolaryngology department and the community. Adults aged 60 years and above who attended the ORL CLINIC with or without presbycusis were invited to participate. The main outcome measures, including the Malay Version Vertigo Symptoms Scale, pure tone audiometry and vestibular assessment, were obtained using a Video Head Impulse Test (VHIT). Results: The prevalence of vestibular dysfunction with presbycusis in the study population of 135 participants was 46.7 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval, 24.0 to 36.2 per cent). The median age was 68 years (range, 60–86 years). The A chi-square test of independence showed that there was significant association between Presbycusis and Tinnitus, X2 (1, N = 135) = 97.37, p < .001. A chi-square test of independence was performed to examine the relation between presbycusis and dizziness. The relation between these variables was significant, X2 (2, N = 135) = 28.42, p < .001. A chi-square test of independence showed that there was no significant association between presbycusis and VHIT, X2 (1, N = 135) = .01, p = .938. Conclusion: Vestibular dysfunction is independently associated with ageing and presbycusis. More research investigating the advantages of additional screening for vestibular dysfunction in older presbycusis patients is needed. Key words: Elderly; Presbycusis; Vestibular dysfunction; Video Head Impulse Test (VHIT)

Preferred Types of Communication Indicated by Parents and Teachers of Emotionally Disturbed Students

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Mccarney
Keyword(s):  
Emotionally Disturbed ◽  
Rational Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Communication Preferences ◽  
Test Of Independence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance

This study investigated the communication preferences indicated by parents and teachers of emotionally disturbed students in a selected sample from four states. A chi-square test of independence was used as the means of rational analysis of the responses to a questionnaire listing the 20 most common types of communication used by parents and teachers. Responses from the parents and teachers indicated that their preferences differed at the .05 level of significance on half (10) of the types of communication. Priority rankings of preferences from highest to lowest for both groups were also reported.

A Nonverbal Discourse Analysis of Gender in Undergraduate Educational Gymnastics Sequences Using Laban Effort Analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda M. Nilges
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Test Of Independence ◽  
Postmodern Theory ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Gender Images

Postmodern theory and Laban analysis were used to study gender as a nonverbal discourse in educational gymnastic sequences of male (n = 12) and female (n = 10) undergraduate students. Sequences were coded using Laban’s (1948) effort concepts (weight, time, space, and flow). For interpretive purposes, each concept was overlaid with a gender reference based on historical gender images. A chi-square test of independence of each effort dimension by gender group indicated weight, space, and flow are significantly related to gender. Males tended to use strong, direct, and bound actions, while females tended to use light, indirect, and free actions (p < .01). No significant difference in use of time was found. A chi-square test of independence of movement model by gender revealed the hypothesized male model was more likely to be used by males, while the female model was more likely to be used by females (p < .001).

scholarly journals Scientists’ attitudes towards academic entrepreneurship: the results of an empirical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Olszewski
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Academic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Of Independence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Subject

In recent years, there has been growing pressure on both universities and enterprises to intensify cooperation. The subject of this article here is academic entrepreneurship at the researcher level. The aim is to identify attitudes towards such entrepreneurship and define the diversity of attitudes. Moreover, it has been established how such attitudes towards entrepreneurship differentiate the intention and commitment to start cooperation with industry in reality. Achieving this aim required an empirical study involving primary sources. The study subjects were university researchers working on tourism issues, and a total of 73 participated. Methods from descriptive statistics and the chi-square test of independence were used to analyse the results. According to the study, researchers are much more likely to perceive the benefits than the disadvantages of cooperation, and the benefits perceived most are chances to obtain information and the inspiration to conduct academic and didactic work. The work also found that researchers who see academic entrepreneurship as an opportunity for financial benefit and see cooperation as an opportunity to increase enterprises’ competitive advantage significantly more often declare their intention to engage in it.

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