Happiness of Preclinical Students: Evaluating Factors Influencing Happiness of Preclinical Students

This study aimed to determine factors influencing happiness in preclinical students especially in aspects of teaching and learning, students’ motivation, study habits, and academic achievement. This study was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. The questionnaire was validated and approved for clarity, readability, rational analysis, and comprehensiveness by the experts. Questionnaires were sent to all second and/or third-year medical students of the 2018 (328) and 2019 (329) classes, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand. Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.886. The data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science version 18. From open-ended questions, the top 5 ranking factors increasing students’ happiness were teaching of instructors, content satisfaction, content understanding, free time, and handouts. Factors that had positive influences/associations with happiness of preclinical students were happiness in learning subjects taught in a particular year; satisfaction of content, study outcomes, materials, handouts, teaching motivating desire to learn, and applicability of content to medical profession; high motivation to study medicine, expected score, and the percentage of achievement of study targets; less amount of time spent on recorded-e-lecture study and internet for non-academic use; and low stress. Happiness of preclinical students was influenced by satisfaction in teaching and learning, their attitude, study habits, and academic achievement. Further studies on determining students’ happiness after improvement of teaching and learning environments, augmenting activities that enhance students’ motivation, and promoting good study habits among medical students, are required to prove whether enhancement of these factors could effectively increase students' happiness.

Pelaksanaan Konseling Awal pada Konselor Sekolah Menengah Pertama

<p><strong>Abstrak </strong></p><p>Penelitian bertujuan mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan konseling awal pada konselor dalam melaksanakan konseling individual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan bentuk penelitian survei. Alat pengumpul data menggunakan angket dan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan rumus persentase dan analisis rasional. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 35 konselor dari 23 SMP negeri dan 2 SMP swasta di Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik sampling total sehingga yang menjadi sampel penelitian adalah seluruh populasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa secara umum konselor dalam melaksanakan konseling awal berada pada kategori sedang dengan rincian: indikator menyiapkan diri konselor, mengobservasi, dan mendengarkan berada pada kategori baik; indikator menyiapkan diri konseli dan melayani secara pribadi berada pada kategori sedang; dan indikator menyiapkan konteks berada pada kategori rendah. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa konselor kurang memahami keterampilan konseling, keterbatasan ruang konseling, pengembangan diri konselor, dan keterbatasan literatur.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The research aimed to describe the implementation of initial counseling to counselors in carrying out individual counseling. The research method used descriptive in the form of survey research. Data collection tools used questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used the percentage formula and rational analysis. The research population was 35 counselors from 23 public junior high schools and 2 private junior high schools in Kubu Raya Regency. The research sample used a total sampling technique so that the research sample was the entire population. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that in general the counselors in carrying out initial counseling were in the moderate category with details: indicators of preparing the counselor, observing, and listening were in the good category; indicators of preparing the counselee and serving personally are in the medium category; and indicators of setting up context are in the low category. The results also showed that counselors do not understand counseling skills, limited counseling space, counselor self-development, and limited literature.</em></p>

On the possibility of flotation processing of technogenic gold-containing waste from enrichment plants

The aim of the work is the flotation processing of gold-containing tailings using composite flotation (CF) agents. According to the results of chemical analysis, the studied tailings sample contains 0.39 g/t gold. The main part of the initial tailings sample is represented by rock-forming minerals such as quartz, clinochlore, microcline, tremolite, albite, calcite, and muscovite. According to the results of the rational analysis, 39.50% of gold is in the hard-to-recover form with quartz; 28.87% is in the form of fine-grained gold; 31.63% is in intergrowths with sulfides and rocks. The optimum reagent scheme of flotation processing of tailings was chosen: degree of regrinding of 95% of grade -0,074 mm, consumption of sodium butyl xanthate of 100 g/t, consumption of foaming agent T-92 of 30 g/t. Under the chosen reagent scheme the gold-containing concentrate containing 6,4 g/t gold at the recovery of 49,68% was obtained. Preliminary regrinding of tailings allows to increase the gold recovery in the blanks concentrates by 27.96%. The reagent scheme of flotation of gold-containing tailings with the application of composite flotation (CF) agent was tested. A composition of sodium butyl xanthate and reaeflot was used as a composite flotation reagent for the improvement of gold extraction from flotation tailings. Application of composite flotation (CF) agent pre-treated on the dispersant increases gold recovery into gold-containing concentrate by 4.65%, in comparison with the basic collector sodium butyl xanthogenate. Consumption of flotation agent CF is reduced by 20%.

Characteristics and stereotypes of shadow charity in the conditions of modern socio-culture

Актуальность статьи обусловлена проблемой теневой благотворительности ставшей достаточно распространенным явлением и серьезной проблемой для легальных некоммерческих и благотворительных организаций. Цель статьи заключается в изучении предпосылок теневой благотворительности и разработки рекомендаций к решению проблемы неформальной экономики, находящейся вне государственного контроля. Авторами с помощью SWOT-анализа осуществлен комплексный подход к рациональному анализу благотворительной деятельности, комплексу мер и мероприятий, направленных на управление процессом поступления пожертвований путем изучения сильных и слабых сторон организации благотворительности, а также внешних возможностей и угроз организации теневой и легальной благотворительной деятельности. Раскрыты характеристика и стереотипы теневой благотворительности в условиях современной социокультуры. Классифицированы факторы, детерминирующие включение благотворительной деятельности в социальную работу. Предложены рекомендации к решению проблемы теневой благотворительности в современном российском обществе. Обоснованы стереотипы благотворительной деятельности и их актуальность в современной России. Статья предназначена для специалистов сферы социального обслуживания, здравоохранения, экономики, образования, исследователей, студентов. The relevance of the article is due to the problem of shadow charity, which has become a fairly common phenomenon and a serious problem for legal non-profit and charitable organizations. The purpose of the article is to study the prerequisites of shadow charity and develop recommendations for solving the problem of the informal economy that is outside of state control. The authors, using SWOT analysis, implemented a comprehensive approach to the rational analysis of charitable activities, a set of measures and measures aimed at managing the process of receiving donations by studying the strengths and weaknesses of the charity organization, as well as external opportunities and threats to the organization of shadow and legal charitable activities. The characteristics and stereotypes of shadow charity in the conditions of modern socioculture are revealed. The factors determining the inclusion of charitable activities in social work are classified. Recommendations for solving the problem of shadow charity in modern Russian society are proposed, stereotypes of charitable activity and their relevance in modern Russia are substantiated. The article is intended for specialists in the field of social services, healthcare, economics, education, researchers, students.

Challenges Ahead for a Rational Analysis of Vitamin D in Athletes

Vitamin D is an essential vitamin for the normal formation of bones and calcium absorption. It is synthesized into our body through sunlight exposure and obtained by consuming foods rich in vitamin D (e.g., fatty fish, eggs yolk, dairy products). Its benefits on the health and performance of athletes are well documented. This article outlines some analytical challenges concerning the analytical quantification of vitamin D for its optimal intake, namely, a comprehensive study of the variability of the assay before categorizing any method as the golden standard, assurance of sample comparability to draw meaningful correlations, revision of the intake guidance based on appropriate statistical power analysis, and the implementation of rational strategies for preventing the underlying mechanism of preanalytical factors. Addressing these challenges will enable the effective management of vitamin D in the sports sector.

A Rational Analysis on Key Parameters Ruling Zerovalent Iron-Based Treatment Trains: Towards the Separation of Reductive from Oxidative Phases

The development of treatment trains for pollutant degradation employing zerovalent iron has been attracting a lot of interest in the last few years. This approach consists of pre-treatment only with zerovalent iron, followed by a Fenton oxidation taking advantage of the iron ions released in the first step. In this work, the advantages/disadvantages of this strategy were studied employing commercial zerovalent iron microparticles (mZVI). The effect of the initial amount of mZVI, H2O2, pH, conductivity, anions and dissolved oxygen were analysed using p-nitrobenzoic acid (PNBA) as model pollutant. 83% reduction of PNBA 6 µM into p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was achieved in natural water at an initial pH 3.0 and 1.4 g/L of mZVI, under aerobic conditions, in 2 h. An evaluation of the convenience of removing mZVI after the reductive phase before the Fenton oxidation was investigated together with mZVI reusability. The Fenton step against the more reactive PABA required 50 mg/L of H2O2 to achieve more than 96% removal in 15 min at pH 7.5 (final pH from the reductive step). At least one complete reuse cycle (reduction/oxidation) was achieved with the separated mZVI. This approach might be interesting to treat wastewater containing pollutants initially resistant to hydroxyl radicals.

Anton Korošec in padec vlade Milana Stojadinovića. O zarotah in zarotnikih

The author discusses the role of Anton Korošec in the downfall of the Milan Stojadinović government in February 1939, one of the more exciting moments of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He confronts some theoretical issues when explaining the background of the political conspiracy, which he conceives as the contrast between public and politically legitimized action. First, the meaning of structure and event. Can the government's downfall be understood as an event that happened instantaneously and was not inevitable, or can it be seen as necessary, even long-planned? Furthermore, the author wonders whether it is possible to describe the events only utilizing rational analysis and causal sequence or something missing in the process. The discussion structure is based on a chronologically challenging concept: the definition is followed by a temporal, political, and spatial contextualization, then by a cause-and-effect analysis, and finally by a conclusion.

Ethnography of Health and Illness Behaviour in Nigeria

The ineffective initiatives to tackle Nigeria's various health issues have contributed to the marginal change in health outcomes. Besides ignoring the value of tackling public health problems, it will make the situation even worse for vulnerable Nigerians that frequently remain at the wrong end. This work followed a conceptual measure to explain the targets and purpose of the work comprehensively. The study was information was sourced from the Nigerian Ministry of Health through their web search engines, rational analysis and necessary documentation. The main challenges that public health is facing in Nigeria seem to be communicable diseases, vector control on some diseases, maternal deaths, child mortality rates, improper sanitation, hygiene, disease control, non - contagious diseases, and the issue of injuries from some diseases road accidents and many more. At the moment, Nigeria is struggling to accomplish strategic development goals. However, given coordinated action by the Nigerian Government, funding organisations, including NGOs, provide healthcare efficiently and effectively in Nigeria.