scholarly journals Differential Induction of Flavonoids in Groundnut in Response to Helicoverpa armigera and Aphis craccivora Infestation

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S39619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rashid War ◽  
Suraj Prasad Sharma ◽  
Hari Chand Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Internal Standard Peak ◽  
Peak Areas ◽  
Ferulic Acids

Flavonoids are important plant secondary metabolites, which protect plants from various stresses, including herbivory. Plants differentially respond to insects with different modes of action. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting of phenols of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea) plants with differential levels of resistance was carried out in response to Helicoverpa armigera (chewing insect) and Aphis craccivora (sucking pest) infestation. The genotypes used were ICGV 86699, ICGV 86031, ICG 2271 (NCAc 343), ICG 1697 (NCAc 17090), and JL 24. Most of the identified compounds were present in H. armigera- and A. craccivora-infested plants of ICGV 86699. Syringic acid was observed in all the genotypes across the treatments, except in the uninfested control plants of ICG 2271 and aphid-infested plants of ICG 1697. Caffeic acid and umbelliferone were observed only in the H. armigera-infested plants of ICGV 86699. Similarly, dihydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid were observed in H. armigera- and aphid-infested plants of ICG 2271 and JL 24, respectively. The peak areas were transformed into the amounts of compounds by using internal standard peak areas and were expressed in nanograms. Quantities of the identified compounds varied across genotypes and treatments. The common compounds observed were chlorogenic, syringic, quercetin, and ferulic acids. These results suggest that depending on the mode of feeding, flavonoids are induced differentially in groundnut plants.

scholarly journals Exposure to Herbicides Primes P450-Mediated Detoxification of Helicoverpa armigera against Insecticide and Fungal Toxin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxiang Sun ◽  
Cuicui Xu ◽  
Shi Chen ◽  
Qi Shi ◽  
Huanhuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Fungal Toxin ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Toxic Plant

With the long-term and large-scale use, herbicides have been well known to influence tritrophic interactions particularly natural enemies of pests in agro-ecosystems. On the other hand, herbivorous insects, especially the generalist pests, have developed antagonistic interaction to different insecticides, toxic plant secondary metabolites and even heavy metals. However, whether exposure to herbicides would affect resistance of insects against insecticides is largely unknown, especially in agricultural pests. Here, we first reported that pre-exposure to two widely used herbicides butachlor and haloxyfop-methyl for 48 h can prime resistance of a generalist agricultural pest Helicoverpa armigera Hübner against insecticide methomyl and fungal toxin aflatoxin B1. In addition, there were no significant differences between control and herbicides-treated caterpillars on weight gain, pupal weight and pupation rates, suggesting that exposure to herbicides induce resistance of H. armigera accompanied with no fitness cost. Moreover, by determining detoxifying enzyme activities and toxicity bioassay with additional inhibitor of cytochrome P450 piperonyl butoxide (PBO), we showed that exposure to herbicides might prime P450-mediated detoxification of H. armigera against insecticide. Based on these results, we propose that exposure to herbicides primes resistance of H. armigera against insecticide by eliciting a clear elevation of predominantly P450 monooxygenase activities in midgut and fat body.

Determination of Docosenoic Acids in Fats and Oils by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1161-1164
Author(s):  
Henry B S Conacher ◽  
Rajinder K Chadha
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Glycol Succinate ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Internal Standard Peak ◽  
Peak Areas ◽  
Diethylene Glycol Succinate ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A rapid gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) procedure has been developed for the determination of docosenoic acids in fats and oils. The method involves conversion of a known weight of oil to methyl esters using sodium methoxide-methanol, with a known weight of methyl tetracosanoate used as an internal standard. After acidification and extraction into hexane, esters are analyzed by GLC on a diethylene glycol succinate column. The percentage of docosenoic acids is calculated from the docosenoate and internal standard peak areas. The method is particularly suited to the determination of low levels (<5%) of docosenoic acids.

scholarly journals Determination of donepezil in spiked rabbit plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 181476
Author(s):  
Fardous A. Mohamed ◽  
Pakinaz Y. Khashaba ◽  
Reem Y. Shahin ◽  
Mohamed M. El-Wekil
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Rabbit Plasma ◽  
System Suitability ◽  
Peak Areas ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Bioanalytical Validation

The aim of this paper is to develop sensitive, accurate, reproducible and robust RP-HPLC with fluorescence detection for estimation of donepezil (DZ) in rabbit plasma using silodosin as the internal standard (IS). The prepared samples were quantified on reversed phase column Luna C 18(2) (150 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size) operated at room temperature using the mobile phase consisting of methanol: 0.1% acetic acid (50 : 50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml min −1 . The method was fully validated according to bioanalytical validation guidelines of FDA in terms of system suitability, selectivity, sensitivity, precision and stability. It was found that the increase in peak areas followed the increase of DZ concentration in the range of 2.56–200.00 ng ml −1 with LOD of 0.85 ng ml −1 . The method was successfully applied for the determination of DZ in rabbit plasma using manual shaking dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction.

Liquid-chromatographic determination of dolichols in urine.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2026-2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Turpeinen
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Internal Standard Peak ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A reversed-phase "high-performance" liquid chromatographic assay for dolichols-18, -19 and -20 in urine is described. Dolichols are extracted from urine by using C18 cartridges and are chromatographed with a mobile phase consisting of 2-propanol/methanol, the effluent being monitored at 210 nm. The useful lower limit of sensitivity for quantification is 4 pmol (5 ng) of each dolichol per 5-microL injection, corresponding to 1.6 nmol (2 ng) per liter of urine. Heneicosaprenol is satisfactory as the internal standard. Peak heights and the amounts of dolichols applied to the column are linearly related from 4 to 110 pmol. Mean analytical recovery was 71%. For three different concentrations the mean within-assay CV was 6.4%, the between-assay CV 11%. The normal reference interval of total dolichols found for healthy adults was 17-101 micrograms/24 h (n = 30) or 1.9-11 micrograms per millimole of creatinine (n = 39). I determined the distribution of the main dolichols in urine and applied the assay also for samples from alcoholics.

scholarly journals Exposure to Herbicides Prime P450-Mediated Detoxification of Helicoverpa armigera against Insecticide and Fungal Toxin

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxiang Sun ◽  
Cuicui Xu ◽  
Shi Chen ◽  
Qi Shi ◽  
Huanhuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Fungal Toxin ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Toxic Plant

With the long-term and large-scale use, herbicides have been well known to influence tritrophic interactions, particularly natural enemies of pests in agro-ecosystems. On the other hand, herbivorous insects, especially the generalist pests, have developed antagonistic interaction to different insecticides, toxic plant secondary metabolites, and even heavy metals. However, whether exposure to herbicides would affect resistance of insects against insecticides is largely unknown, especially in agricultural pests. Here, we first reported that pre-exposure to two widely used herbicides butachlor and haloxyfop-methyl for 48 h can prime the resistance of a generalist agricultural pest Helicoverpa armigera Hübner against insecticide methomyl and fungal toxin aflatoxin B1. In addition, there were no significant differences between control and herbicides-treated caterpillars on weight gain, pupal weight, and pupation rates, suggesting that exposure to herbicides induces resistance of H. armigera accompanied with no fitness cost. Moreover, by determining detoxifying enzyme activities and toxicity bioassay with additional inhibitor of cytochrome P450 piperonyl butoxide (PBO), we showed that exposure to herbicides might prime P450-mediated detoxification of H. armigera against insecticide. Based on these results, we propose that exposure to herbicides prime resistance of H. armigera against insecticide and fungal toxin by eliciting a clear elevation of predominantly P450 monooxygenase activities in the midgut and fat body.

scholarly journals PHENOLIC ACID PROFILING IN THE LEAVES OF TABERNAEMONTANA HEYNEANA WALL. AN ENDEMIC PLANT OF THE WESTERN GHATS USING ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY COUPLED WITH QUADRUPOLE-TIME-OF-FLIGHT

2019 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
MANASA DJ ◽  
CHANDRASHEKAR KR
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Objectives: The study was conducted to identify the phenolic compounds and other possible bioactive compounds present in the leaf extracts of Tabernaemontana heyneana Wall. Methods: Phenolic acid profiling was carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF). An internal standard syringic acid was used for quantitation of phenolic acids and naringenin for quantitation of flavonoids. Results: The leaf extracts analysis revealed the presence of 17 compounds consisting of 14 phenolic compounds and three terpenes. Among 17 compounds, eight were the major compounds, namely, coniferyaldehyde, resveratrol, sinapic alcohol, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and protocatechuic aldehyde. This forms the first report on the identification of these pharmaceutically important compounds in T. heyneana. Conclusion: These findings offer clear evidence and scientific support for further research on the leaf extract of T. heyneana plant for its therapeutic purpose.

Liquid-chromatographic determination of total hydroxyproline in urine.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Turpeinen ◽  
U M Pomoell
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Sulfonyl Chloride ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Cysteic Acid ◽  
Internal Standard Peak ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract A reversed-phase "high-performance" liquid chromatographic assay for total hydroxyproline in urine is described. The urine samples are hydrolyzed overnight with acid, evaporated, solubilized, and derivatized with 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-sulfonyl chloride. The derivatives are chromatographed with a solvent gradient consisting of sodium acetate buffer and acetonitrile, the effluent being monitored at 436 nm. The useful lower limit of sensitivity for quantification is 13 pmol of hydroxyproline per 5-microL injection, corresponding to 33 mumol/L of urine. Either glutamine or cysteic acid is satisfactory as the internal standard. Peak heights and the amounts of hydroxyproline applied to the column are linearly related from 13.3 to 266 pmol. Mean analytical recovery was 83%. For four different concentrations the mean within-assay CV was 9.0% and the between-assay CV 12%. The normal reference interval found for 31 healthy adults was 31 to 177 mumol/24 h per square meter of body surface. We compared results for 10 samples from patients.

scholarly journals Effect of plant secondary metabolites on legume pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rashid War ◽  
Michael Gabriel Paulraj ◽  
Barkat Hussain ◽  
Abdul Ahad Buhroo ◽  
Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Legume Pod Borer ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera
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