scholarly journals Exposure to Herbicides Primes P450-Mediated Detoxification of Helicoverpa armigera against Insecticide and Fungal Toxin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxiang Sun ◽  
Cuicui Xu ◽  
Shi Chen ◽  
Qi Shi ◽  
Huanhuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Fungal Toxin ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Toxic Plant

With the long-term and large-scale use, herbicides have been well known to influence tritrophic interactions particularly natural enemies of pests in agro-ecosystems. On the other hand, herbivorous insects, especially the generalist pests, have developed antagonistic interaction to different insecticides, toxic plant secondary metabolites and even heavy metals. However, whether exposure to herbicides would affect resistance of insects against insecticides is largely unknown, especially in agricultural pests. Here, we first reported that pre-exposure to two widely used herbicides butachlor and haloxyfop-methyl for 48 h can prime resistance of a generalist agricultural pest Helicoverpa armigera Hübner against insecticide methomyl and fungal toxin aflatoxin B1. In addition, there were no significant differences between control and herbicides-treated caterpillars on weight gain, pupal weight and pupation rates, suggesting that exposure to herbicides induce resistance of H. armigera accompanied with no fitness cost. Moreover, by determining detoxifying enzyme activities and toxicity bioassay with additional inhibitor of cytochrome P450 piperonyl butoxide (PBO), we showed that exposure to herbicides might prime P450-mediated detoxification of H. armigera against insecticide. Based on these results, we propose that exposure to herbicides primes resistance of H. armigera against insecticide by eliciting a clear elevation of predominantly P450 monooxygenase activities in midgut and fat body.

scholarly journals Exposure to Herbicides Prime P450-Mediated Detoxification of Helicoverpa armigera against Insecticide and Fungal Toxin

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongxiang Sun ◽  
Cuicui Xu ◽  
Shi Chen ◽  
Qi Shi ◽  
Huanhuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Fungal Toxin ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Toxic Plant

With the long-term and large-scale use, herbicides have been well known to influence tritrophic interactions, particularly natural enemies of pests in agro-ecosystems. On the other hand, herbivorous insects, especially the generalist pests, have developed antagonistic interaction to different insecticides, toxic plant secondary metabolites, and even heavy metals. However, whether exposure to herbicides would affect resistance of insects against insecticides is largely unknown, especially in agricultural pests. Here, we first reported that pre-exposure to two widely used herbicides butachlor and haloxyfop-methyl for 48 h can prime the resistance of a generalist agricultural pest Helicoverpa armigera Hübner against insecticide methomyl and fungal toxin aflatoxin B1. In addition, there were no significant differences between control and herbicides-treated caterpillars on weight gain, pupal weight, and pupation rates, suggesting that exposure to herbicides induces resistance of H. armigera accompanied with no fitness cost. Moreover, by determining detoxifying enzyme activities and toxicity bioassay with additional inhibitor of cytochrome P450 piperonyl butoxide (PBO), we showed that exposure to herbicides might prime P450-mediated detoxification of H. armigera against insecticide. Based on these results, we propose that exposure to herbicides prime resistance of H. armigera against insecticide and fungal toxin by eliciting a clear elevation of predominantly P450 monooxygenase activities in the midgut and fat body.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the Recent Expansion of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in South America and the Caribbean Basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke R Tembrock ◽  
Alicia E Timm ◽  
Frida A Zink ◽  
Todd M Gilligan
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Caribbean Basin ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract The Old World bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), is one of the most destructive agricultural pests worldwide. It was first recorded in Brazil in 2013, yet despite this recent introduction, H. armigera has spread throughout much of Latin America. Where H. armigera has become established, it is displacing or hybridizing with the congeneric New World pest Helicoverpa zea. In addition to the adaptive qualities that make H. armigera a megapest, such as broad range pesticide resistance, the spread of H. armigera in the New World may have been hastened by multiple introductions into South America and/or the Caribbean. The recent expansion of the range of H. armigera into the New World is analyzed herein using mtDNA of samples from South America, the Caribbean Basin, and the Florida Peninsula. Phylogeographic analyses reveal that several haplotypes are nearly ubiquitous throughout the New World and native range of H. armigera, but several haplotypes have limited geographic distribution from which a secondary introduction with Euro-African origins into the New World is inferred. In addition, host–haplotype correlations were analyzed to see whether haplotypes might be restricted to certain crops. No specialization was found; however, some haplotypes had a broader host range than others. These results suggest that the dispersal of H. armigera in the New World is occurring from both natural migration and human-mediated introductions. As such, both means of introduction should be monitored to prevent the spread of H. armigera into areas such as the United States, Mexico, and Canada, where it is not yet established.

scholarly journals Resistance of Australian Helicoverpa armigera to fenvalerate is due to the chimeric P450 enzyme CYP337B3

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (38) ◽  
pp. 15206-15211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Joußen ◽  
Sara Agnolet ◽  
Sybille Lorenz ◽  
Sebastian E. Schöne ◽  
Renate Ellinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
P450 Enzyme ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

Worldwide, increasing numbers of insects have evolved resistance to a wide range of pesticides, which hampers their control in the field and, therefore, threatens agriculture. Members of the carboxylesterase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase superfamilies are prominent candidates to confer metabolic resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Both carboxylesterases and P450 enzymes have been shown to be involved in pyrethroid resistance in Australian Helicoverpa armigera, the noctuid species possessing by far the most reported resistance cases worldwide. However, specific enzymes responsible for pyrethroid resistance in field populations of this species have not yet been identified. Here, we show that the resistance toward fenvalerate in an Australian strain of H. armigera is due to a unique P450 enzyme, CYP337B3, which arose from unequal crossing-over between two parental P450 genes, resulting in a chimeric enzyme. CYP337B3 is capable of metabolizing fenvalerate into 4′-hydroxyfenvalerate, which exhibits no toxic effect on susceptible larvae; enzymes from the parental P450 genes showed no detectable fenvalerate metabolism. Furthermore, a polymorphic H. armigera strain could be bred into a susceptible line possessing the parental genes CYP337B1 and CYP337B2 and a resistant line possessing only CYP337B3. The exclusive presence of CYP337B3 in resistant insects of this strain confers a 42-fold resistance to fenvalerate. Thus, in addition to previously documented genetic mechanisms of resistance, recombination can also generate selectively advantageous variants, such as this chimeric P450 enzyme with an altered substrate specificity leading to a potent resistance mechanism.

scholarly journals Resistance status of lepidopteran soybean pests following large-scale use of MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato J. Horikoshi ◽  
Oderlei Bernardi ◽  
Daniela N. Godoy ◽  
Altair A. Semeão ◽  
Alan Willse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Anticarsia Gemmatalis ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Glyphosate Tolerance ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
Widespread Adoption ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Commercial Introduction ◽  
Chrysodeixis Includens

AbstractWidespread adoption of MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean, expressing Cry1Ac Bt protein and glyphosate tolerance, has been observed in Brazil. A proactive program was implemented to phenotypically and genotypically monitor Cry1Ac resistance in Chrysodeixis includens (Walker). Recent cases of unexpected injury in MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean were investigated and a large-scale sampling of larvae on commercial soybean fields was performed to assess the efficacy of this technology and the distribution of lepidopteran pests in Brazil. No significant shift in C. includens susceptibility to Cry1Ac was observed eight years after commercial introduction of this technology in Brazil. F2 screen results confirmed that the frequency of Cry1Ac resistance alleles remains low and stable in C. includens. Unexpected injury caused by Rachiplusia nu (Guenée) and Crocidosema aporema (Walsingham) in MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean was detected during the 2020/21 season, and studies confirmed a genetically based alteration in their susceptibility to Cry1Ac. MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean remains effective against Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner), C. includens, Chloridea virescents (Fabricius) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in Brazil. However, there is evidence of field-evolved resistance to MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean by the secondary soybean pests R. nu and C. aporema.

scholarly journals Assay Optimization Can Equalize the Sensitivity of Real-Time PCR with ddPCR for Detection of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bulk Samples

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Thayssa M. R. Oliveira ◽  
Frida A. Zink ◽  
Renato C. Menezes ◽  
Érico C. Dianese ◽  
Karina C. Albernaz-Godinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Assay Optimization ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Assay Performance ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is one of the most important agricultural pests in the world. This historically Old World species was first reported in Brazil in 2013 and has since spread throughout much of South America and into the Caribbean. Throughout North America, H. armigera surveys are ongoing to detect any incursions. Each trap is capable of capturing hundreds of native Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). The two species cannot be separated without genitalic dissection or molecular methods. A ddPCR assay is currently used to screen large trap samples, but this equipment is relatively uncommon and expensive. Here, we optimized a newly designed assay for accurate and repeatable detection of H. armigera in bulk samples across both ddPCR and less costly, and more common, real-time PCR methods. Improvements over previously designed assays were sought through multiple means. Our results suggest bulk real-time PCR assays can be improved through changes in DNA extraction and purification, so that real-time PCR can be substituted for ddPCR in screening projects. While ddPCR remains a more sensitive method for detection of H. armigera in bulk samples, the improvements in assay design, DNA extraction, and purification presented here also enhance assay performance over previous protocols.

scholarly journals PATOGENISITAS CENDAWAN Lecanicillium sp. PTN01 TERHADAP PENGGEREK TONGKOL JAGUNG Helicoverpa armigera (HUBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sempurna Ginting ◽  
Teguh Santoso ◽  
Yayi Munara ◽  
Ruly Anwar ◽  
Lisdar Sudirman
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

Helicoverpa armigera is one of the most important agricultural pests because it has a high reproductive rate and resulted in economic losses. One of the H. armigera control techniques that is in accord with IPM principle is the utilizing of entomopathogenic fungus. The aim of this research was to test the pathogenicity of Lecanicillium (Lecanicillium sp. PTN01) against H. armigera. Pathogenicity test was conducted by conidia application of Lecanicillium sp. PTN01 on both the larvae and eggs at density of 105, 106, 107 conidia/ml. The control group was only treated with steril water. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for molecular identification Lecanicillium sp. PTN01. The results showed that Lecanicillium sp. PTN01 able to inhibit egg hatching 13.75%, and cause mortality of first instar larval survival 98.75%. The result of virulence test to the highest larval mortality at 107 conidia/ml density was 41,25%, with the values of LT25, 50, 75 were 3.95, 7.12, 12.82 (days) and LC25, 50, 75 were 4.6 x 105, 1.7 x 106, 4.6 x 109 (conidia/ml). The DNA sequence analysis of ITS 1 and ITS 4 primers showed that Lecanicillium sp. PTN01 was similar to fungus species L. kalimantanense strain BTCC F23 with 94% homology.   

Effect of Different Chickpea Genotypes and Its Biochemical Constituents on Biological Attributes of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Htet San ◽  
D. Sagar ◽  
Vinay Kumari Kalia ◽  
Veda Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Biochemical Constituents ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Biological Attributes ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera Hubner

Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the third most important pulse crop grown all over the world. Chickpea is infested by an average of about 60 insect-pests, of which gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is known to be the key pest. The migratory nature, polyphagous, short life cycle, multivoltine and resistance to insecticides makes H. armigera very difficult to control. In order to develop the resistance chickpea genotypes against H. armigera it is very important to understand the interrelation between the chickpea biochemical constituents and their effect on insect growth and development.Methods: The biological performance of H. armigera on different chickpea genotypes was studied using detached leaf method and the test genotypes were also evaluated for field level resistance to H. armigera under natural conditions. Different biochemical constituents viz., reducing sugar, protein, total phenol and tannins content in chickpea genotypes were estimated at 30 days after sowing. The relationship between biological attributes of H. armigera reared on different chickpea genotypes and biochemical constituents of chickpea genotypes was computed using simple correlation co-efficient.Result: Among the test genotypes, the lowest larval weight, prolonged larval duration and pupal duration were observed in GL-13042. The lowest pupal weight and percent of adult emergence was observed in NBeG-786 while the lowest fecundity was observed in GL-13001. The percent pod damage, pest susceptibility/ resistance per cent and PRSR on different chickpea genotypes in the field condition varied from 25.9 to 47.84%, 12.91 to 45.86 and from 4 to 5. In the biochemical constituents, the highest total phenol and tannin content were observed in NBeG-786 whereas the lowest protein and reducing sugar content were observed in GL-13042. Relationship between biological attributes of H. armigera and biochemical constituents in different chickpea genotypes revealed that reducing sugars, protein, total phenols and tannins content showed negative association with biological attributes of H. armigera reared on chickpea genotypes.

Learning in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): a new look at the behaviour and control of a polyphagous pest

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Cunningham ◽  
M.P. Zalucki ◽  
S.A. West
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Insect Learning ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

AbstractRecent experimental evidence has shown that learning occurs in the host selection behaviour of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), one of the world‘s most important agricultural pests. This paper discusses how the occurrence of learning changes our understanding of the host selection behaviour of this polyphagous moth. Host preferences determined from previous laboratory studies may be vastly different from preferences exhibited by moths in the field, where the abundance of particular hosts may be more likely to determine host preference. In support of this prediction, a number of field studies have shown that the ‘attractiveness’ of different hosts for H. armigera oviposition may depend on the relative abundance of these host species. Insect learning may play a fundamental role in the design and application of present and future integrated pest management strategies such as the use of host volatiles, trap crops and resistant crop varieties for monitoring and controlling this important pest species.

scholarly journals Sublethal effects of different fungal isolates on Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamires Doroteo de Souza ◽  
Fabricio Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Ariadne Costa Sanches ◽  
Ricardo Antônio Polanczyk
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background Broad-spectrum pesticides and Bt crops have been used against the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), but their effect on the environment and the development of resistance are the main limitations for these control measures. The use of mycobiopesticides is an ecofriendly and efficient alternative. Fungicides have a wide distribution and a high genetic variability, which allows their screening for more virulent isolates. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the interactions of H. armigera larvae with Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, on mortality, virulence, sublethal effects, and life table aspects. Main body The isolates that caused mortality rates of H. armigera above 80% were selected for further assays. Virulence was measured by LC50 estimates, using Probit analysis to sublethal effects, and the bootstrap procedure to estimate the biological parameters: time for development, fertility, longevity, pre-ovipositional period, egg viability, and sex ratio. The H. armigera mortality rates caused by B. bassiana and M. anisopliae ranged from 45 to 100% and from 40 to 90%, respectively. Longevity, fertility, and survival rates are affected in all treatments. The pupal weight of individuals treated with fungi was lower than in the control. Deformations were observed in H. armigera pupae developed from larvae treated with B. bassiana. Conclusion The use of sublethal concentrations of isolates of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana resulted in an adverse effect on the biological parameters of H. armigera.

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