Comparing the Canadian pork lean yields and grading indexes predicted from grading methods based on Destron and Hennessy probe measurements

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Pomar and M. Marcoux
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Probe Measurements

In Canada, actual grading methods based on Destron (DPG) and Hennessy (HGP) probe measurements were approved in 1994. This study was undertaken to verify if both grading methods predict similar lean yields and grading indexes in actual pork carcasses. Data from the following four databases were used, and included hot carcass weight, and backfat and muscle depths as measured by both probes: 1281 carcasses from the 1992 National Cutout, 495 and 76 carcasses from 1997 and 1998 Fédération des Producteurs de Porc du Québec studies respectively, and 266 from a 1999 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada study. Probes were inserted alternatively at the Canadian grading site. Grading indexes were assigned from a 1999 official grid. For the four studied databases, the HGP-DPG lean yields were different from zero (P < 0.0001) with values of 0.33, 0.35, 0.36 and 0.18%, chronologically. The HGP-DPG grading indexes were also different from zero with values of 0.51 (P < 0.0001), 0.36 (P < 0.0001) and 0.50 (P < 0.0001), 0.21 (P < 0.09), respectively. The slope between lean yields and indexes were different from one, indicating that the underestimation of lean yields and indexes by the DPG method increased with carcass leanness. Key words: Pork, Hennessy, Destron, probes, lean yield, prediction

PORK CARCASS GRADING: THE MAGNITUDE OF BREED AND SEX BIASES IN THE PREDICTION OF MEAT YIELD FROM A SINGLE FAT MEASUREMENT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. RAE ◽  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
B. W. KENNEDY
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Sex Biases

The magnitude of breed and sex biases in the prediction of meat yield using a single fat measurement was investigated under commercial conditions. Warm carcasses (n = 174) originating from four purebreeds (Yorkshire, 24 boars, 17 gilts; Landrace, 22 boars, 27 gilts; Hampshire, 24 boars, 15 gilts; Duroc, 21 boars, 24 gilts) weighing close to 80 kg were assessed for fat thickness at the maximum loin with a ruler (current Canadian carcass grading measurement) and at the last rib 70 mm from the midline with a Hennessey Grading Probe. All carcasses were evaluated for retail and lean yield 24 h post-slaughter. At the same carcass weight (78.7 kg), significant differences in both retail and lean yield were found (Hampshire > Landrace; boars > gilts), which largely reflected breed and sex differences in fattening. At the same loin fat thickness (25 mm) breed bias in retail yield amounted to 23 g/kg carcass, while sex bias amounted to only 2 g/kg carcass. At the same last rib, fat thickness breed bias in retail yield was reduced to 12 g/kg carcass, while sex bias increased to 4 g/kg carcass. The effect of changing sites of fat measurement from the loin to the last rib in this study resulted in a substantial reduction in breed bias (1.81 kg to 0.98 kg of retail yield), but to increased sex bias (0.15 kg to 0.28 kg of retail yield). Similar trends were found when lean yield was used as the base instead of retail yield. Prediction equations for retail and lean yield were found to be more precise using last rib fat thickness than those using the maximum loin fat measurement. It was concluded that breed bias would be reduced if last rib fat thickness was used to predict the meat content of pork carcasses. Key words: Boar, breed, gilt, pork grading, pork carcass, meat yield

EVALUATION OF THE DESTRON PG-100 ELECTRONIC PROBE FOR GRADING WARM PORK CARCASSES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. USBORNE ◽  
D. MENTON ◽  
I. McMILLAN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Electronic Probe ◽  
Probe Measurements

The Destron PG-100 electronic grading probe was evaluated for prediction of lean yield, comparison with the ruler measurement, and precision on 204 pork carcasses representing equal numbers of barrows and gilts and a warm carcass weight range of 56.8–111.4 kg. A complete cutout was done on the left side from each carcass to determine a regression equation for prediction of lean yield from the probe measurements of thickness of fat and muscle between the 3rd and 4th last rib, 7 cm off the mid-line. The Hennessy probe was used as the standard for this study. Both probes performed equally well when compared with the ruler measurement and in their ability to predict lean yield. Key words: Electronic grading, pork carcasses, pork grading

A study of growth and carcass traits in dehorned and polled composite bulls

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
M. A. Price ◽  
M. F. Liu ◽  
R. T. Berg ◽  
C. M. Erichsen
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight

Phenotypically dehorned (genetically horned) and polled bulls were similar for birth, weaning weight, pre- and post-weaning ADG, carcass weight, grade fat, marbling, rib-eye area, cutability and carcass grade. Polled bulls had higher (P < 0.02) fat over the rib-eye compared with dehorned. The similarity in growth and a majority of carcass traits between polled and horned, would suggest that breeding for polledness may be recommended to eliminate horns. Key words: Dehorned, polled, growth, carcass traits, bulls

Effect of feeding different physical forms of diets on performance and carcass traits of goats

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
A. Suleiman ◽  
E. K. Okine
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Ribeye Area ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Feding different physical forms of diets on performance and carcass traits of goats was studied. Thirty-six wethers were fed total mixed diets of either whole or rolled barley mixed with grass-alfalfa hay either chopped to 2.5 or 5 cm lengths. No differences (P > 0.05) in ADG (76.6 to 84.8 g d-1), feed intake (0.92 to 1.01 kg d-1), F:G (12.2 to 13.1 kg kg-1), hot carcass weight (13.5 to 14.1 kg), dressing %, (45.0 to 45.7%) and ribeye area (10.9 to 13.1 cm2) were observed among goats fed the four dietary combinations. Key words: Processing, feeds, goats, performance, carcass

Slaughter and carcass traits of calves from first-cross and reciprocal back-cross beef cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Newman ◽  
A. K. W. Tong ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
G. W. Rahnefeld ◽  
D. R. C. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Back Cross ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Bone Content

Breed-of-dam and sex-of-calf effects are reported based on observation of 2007 heifer and steer carcasses. The carcasses were derived from Limousin-sired calves born to dams representing 15 F1 and backcross genotypes reared at two locations over a period of 5 yr. The calves represented Hereford × Angus, Charolais × Shorthorn, Simmental × Shorthorn and all backcross combinations involving Charolais or Simmental with Hereford, Angus or Shorthorn. Carcass traits were analyzed on an unadjusted, a constant hot-carcass weight, and a constant rib-fat depth basis. The slaughter criteria dictated that steers were heavier at slaughter than heifers. They also exhibited higher dressing yield, greater longissimus thoracis area, and lower fat depth. Charolais and Simmental breeding was associated with less rib fat depth, greater longissimus thoracis area, a higher proportion of preferred cuts, less dissectible fat, more bone and more lean in the preferred cuts than British beef breeding. Within the European (Charolais and Simmental) and British beef (Hereford, Angus and Shorthorn) breed groups, breed effects were smaller, but for carcass composition traits they were frequently significant. When compared with Simmental, Charolais breeding tended to be associated with less marbling, less rib fat depth, less dissectible fat and more lean in the preferred cuts. Among the British beef breeds, Hereford was associated with the highest proportion of preferred cuts, Shorthorn with the lowest rib fat depth — but the highest dissectible fat — and Angus with the most marbling, the greatest longissimus thoracis area and the lowest bone content. This research has demonstrated that breed effects for carcass composition traits tend to be additive and that a significant effect may be associated with substitution of as little as one-eighth of the breed composition. Key words: Beef cattle, slaughter traits, carcass traits, breed type, crossbred dam, backcross dam

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE COMMERCIAL INCIDENCE OF DARK CUTTING BEEF

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
A. K. W. TONG
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Muscle Color ◽  
Beef Carcass

Data collected on 170 534 head of Saskatchewan cattle slaughtered over a period of 12 consecutive months were used to evaluate the importance of some factors influencing the incidence of dark cutting (DC) beef (Canada B2 grade based on a visual assessment of muscle color and texture). The variables examined included carcass weight, gender of animal, daily temperature and precipitation, month of slaughter, distance from farm to abattoir, mixing of loads during transportation and slaughter plant. DC beef compared to normal beef was associated with a slightly warmer daily temperature (5.4 vs. 4.8 °C), a lighter carcass weight (283 vs. 286 kg), but was not influenced by daily precipitation. The incidence of DC beef increased as distance between farm and slaughter plant increased (0.78–0.98%), and was higher in loads of cattle that were mixed during transportation than in those loads that originated from the same farm (1.11 vs. 0.79%). Steers recorded a higher frequency of DC beef than heifers (0.99 vs. 0.77%). There were large differences in the frequency of DC beef among slaughter plants after adjustment of the data for the effects of other variables (gender, mixing, trucking distance). Of the six slaughter plants in this study, the frequency of DC beef ranged from 0.27–1.79%. Month of shipment had a significant effect on the incidence of DB beef, with March and April recording the highest frequencies (1.54 and 1.24%), and December the lowest (0.45%). It was concluded that the mixing of loads and the slaughter plant were the two most important predisposing factors for DC beef. Key words: Beef, carcass, stress, dark cutting

Effect of zeranol on fat deposition and carcass traits in beef heifers

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. King ◽  
R. D. Bergen ◽  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
R. N. Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Beef Heifer

Non-pregnant beef heifers implanted with zeranol at birth and at 100 and 200 d of age were fed a finishing ration for 78 d to slaughter at 21–22 mo of age. Rate of fat deposition, grade fat and marbling score were less (P < 0.05) and carcass weight, rib-eye area and lean-meat yield were greater (P < 0.05) for implanted heifers than for non-implanted heifers. Key words: Zeranol, ultrasound, fat deposition, carcass, beef heifer

A survey of marbling fat in Canadian beef carcasses

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
A. K. W. Tong ◽  
S. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Beef Carcass

Marbling score was assessed in 20 437 Canadian beef carcasses on a 10-point scale (1 = very abundant, 10 = devoid) in six provinces during the period August to November 1989. Heifer carcasses had a lower marbling score (more marbling fat) than steer carcasses, and both had lower marbling scores (more marbling fat) than bull carcasses. Marbling increased as Canada grade changed from B1 to A1 and from A1 through to A4, indicating that marbling fat increased with carcass fatness. The regression of marbling score on carcass weight and carcass 12th rib fat thickness, although significant, showed that these traits only accounted for 0.5 and 6%, respectively, of the overall variation in marbling score. The overall distribution of marbling scores showed that 20.6% of carcasses had small or more marbling, 57.9% had slight marbling, 20.4% had traces of marbling and 1.1% were devoid of marbling. Key words: Beef, carcass, marbling, survey

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CARCASS WEIGHTS, BACKFAT AND LOIN MUSCLE DEPTH IN CULL SOWS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. AZIZ ◽  
W. A. RAE ◽  
R. O. BALL ◽  
J. W. ALLAN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Cull Sows

The carcass weight distribution of the cull sow population was evaluated from 104 456 sows slaughtered in Ontario in 1988. Carcass weight, backfat depth and loin muscle depth were evaluated for 797 additional sows, randomly selected at a commercial abattoir. Approximately 85% of sows were between 100 and 200 kg with 4.5% less than 100 kg and 10.5% more than 200 kg carcass weight. The frequency distribution showed backfat depth was most frequently between 15 and 19.9 mm (26.73%) and 20 and 24.9 mm (29.99%). Sow carcasses are extremely diverse, varying 3- to 9-fold in backfat depth and 2- to 3-fold in loin muscle depth within any 25-kg weight class. Key words: Sows, carcass composition, backfat

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF BREED OF SIRE AND BREED OF DAM OF COW ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE-WAY CROSS BEEF CATTLE REARED AT TWO LOCATIONS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Carcass Cuts

Carcass characteristics of 3673 steers and heifers born over a 6-yr period 1973–1978 at Brandon, Manitoba (farm conditions) and Manyberries, Alberta (range conditions) were compared. Calves weaned at Manyberries were fed and evaluated at Lacombe. The progeny were out of 10 specific F1 crosses of dams mated to bulls of the Charolais (C), Simmental (S), Limousin (L) and Chianina (Chi) breeds. Dam crosses included the Hereford × Angus (HA) and crosses sired by C, S and L sires out of H, A and Shorthorn (N) dams. Breed of sire of dam effects indicated that progeny from S cross cows generally had the heaviest carcasses S = C > L, the greatest carcass weight per day of age S = C > L, the highest percentage of dissected bone of the round S > C > L and rib S > C = L, the highest proportions of brisket S > L > C and flank S > L = C, and carried more kidney fat (percent liveweight) S > C = L and average rib fat S > C = L. Progeny from Limousin and Charolais cross cows had the highest dressing percentage [Formula: see text] and rib eye area/100 kg carcass wieght L > C > S while those from Limousin cross cows had the highest proportion of long loin and the combined lean cuts (rib, round and long loin) a higher percentage of dissected lean in the round L > C > S and the highest lean-to-bone ratio L > C > S. Progeny from dams of Shorthorn breeding generally had the heaviest carcasses, the greatest carcass weight per day of age, the highest percentage kidney fat and at Brandon the greatest proportions of plate and brisket. Hereford cross dams consistently produced progeny with the highest percentage head H = A > N, hide [Formula: see text], feet H > A = N, percentage bone in the long loin [Formula: see text], round [Formula: see text], and rib [Formula: see text], and the highest percentage lean in the long loin H > N (Brandon) and chuck H > N (Brandon). The progeny from Angus cross dams carried the greatest average rib fat [Formula: see text], had the greatest rib eye area/100 kg carcass weight [Formula: see text], the highest percentage lean in the round [Formula: see text], and the highest lean to bone ratio A > H = N. Key words: Cattle, breeds, carcass, cuts, composition

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