USE OF SOIL CORES IN SOIL CLASSIFICATION

The value of soil cores in soil classification was examined by a statistical study of the physical properties of five soil types, using 3 × 3-inch soil cores. Analyses of variance when five replicates were used showed that field capacity differences of about 5 per cent could be detected throughout the solum of these soils. Distinctions in volume weight and total porosity were readily made, significance differences (P = 0.95) being about 0.1 gram per cubic centimetre and 4 per cent respectively. Tension plate measurements were precise enough to show significant differences between some of the soils in the Ah horizon but between none in the Bt horizon. Hydraulic conductivity measurements seemed to be of little value as no differences in the five soils could be demonstrated statistically. The results obtained indicate that routine tests of this kind by soil surveyors would yield some useful information and assist in the classification of soils.

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Selected issues relating to classification of mountain organic soils in Poland according to the Polish Soil Classification (2011)

Soil Science Annual ◽

10.1515/ssa-2016-0023 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 185-189

Author(s):

Bartłomiej Glina ◽

Adam Bogacz

Keyword(s):

Organic Materials ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Organic Soil ◽

Soil Types ◽

Organic Soils ◽

Mineral Material ◽

Common Problems ◽

Definition Of

AbstractDespite a large number of organic soil types and subtypes in the Polish Soil Classification the problems of organic soils classification are still very common. In relation to mountain organic soils, in particular. The aim of this paper is to discuss the most common problems related to mountain organic soils classification according to the Polish Soil Classification. Based on authors’ own research and literature studies mentioned problem was described. This work allows to define some new proposals, which should be considered during developing of the next update of the Polish Soil Classification (PSC). The most important proposals related to: criteria for organic materials and organic soils, taxonomy position and criteria for shallow organic soils and new definition of mineral material admixture in organic soils.

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Soil types specified in the bonitation classification and their analogues in the sixth edition of the Polish Soil Classification

Soil Science Annual ◽

10.2478/ssa-2019-0011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 115-136

Author(s):

Bożena Smreczak ◽

Andrzej Łachacz

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Land ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Soil Types ◽

Arable Soils ◽

Sixth Edition ◽

Quality Classification ◽

Modern Soil ◽

Soil Units ◽

Uniform Manner

Abstract The aim of the paper was to present the correlation between soil types specified in the sixth edition of the Polish Soil Classification (SGP6 2019) and Polish bonitation classification. The comparisons included two categories of agricultural land: arable soils and soils of permanent grasslands. In Poland bonitation maps are one of the oldest documentations regarding soil cover. They were elaborated in an uniform manner and based on the field examination of soil profiles. Soil information reflected specific rules adopted in the soil quality classification, including identification of soil types based on genetic criteria and recognition of appropriate sequence of specific horizons in the soil profile. Publication of the sixth edition of the Polish Soil Classification enabled the attempt to adjust soil units (soil types) specified in both systems. Despite the distinction of new soil units in the Soil Classification of Poland (SGP6 2019), the usage of bonitation maps and classification protocols should not pose major difficulties in reinterpretation of soil types. This indicates on the possibility to introduce, similarly to year 2012, the terminology adapted to the requirements of modern soil science knowledge without causing significant changes in the soil-valuation table.

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Coastal acid sulphate soils in Poland: a review

Soil Science Annual ◽

10.1515/ssa-2017-0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 46-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Piotr Hulisz ◽

Wojciech Kwasowski ◽

Jerzy Pracz ◽

Ryszard Malinowski

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Soil Types ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

High Accumulation ◽

Small Areas ◽

Acid Sulphate ◽

Acid Sulphate Soils ◽

The Baltic

Abstract This paper presents the state of knowledge on coastal acid sulphate soils in Poland. The properties of these soils are closely related to the influence of brackish water from the Baltic Sea, high accumulation of organic matter and human activity. The obtained results demonstrate that the sulphide accumulation in soils refers to a relatively small areas of the Polish coastal zone with the unique and very valuable habitats. They require an adequate regulation of the water relations to avoid the risk of strong soil acidification and environmental pollution by heavy metals. Currently, there are no relevant criteria for classification of acid sulphate soil materials in the Polish Soil Classification (2011). Therefore, based on the presented data, the authors proposed to identify these features at the lower classification level (for different soil types). The criteria for the Thionic and Sulfidic qualifiers used in the WRB classification (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015) could be accepted for this purpose.

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PEDOGENESIS AND SOIL CLASSIFICATION OF AN EXPERIMENTAL FARM IN MOSSORÓ, STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZIL

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252016v29n430rc ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 1036-1042 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

LUNARA GLEIKA DA SILVA RÊGO ◽

CAROLINA MALALA MARTINS ◽

EULENE FRANCISCO DA SILVA ◽

JÉSSIA JULIANA ALVES DA SILVA ◽

REBECA NAIRONY DA SILVA LIMA

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Soil Types ◽

Soil Profiles ◽

Mineralogical Analysis ◽

Parent Materials ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Determining Factors ◽

Pedogenic Processes

ABSTRACT The Rafael Fernandes experimental farm is located in the Alagoinha district, northwest of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, over two pedogenic formations of different edaphic characteristics, thus needing a more detailed description of its soil types, since this area hosts several experimental fields for researches on agriculture. The objective of this work was to characterize the morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical features of the most representative soils of this farm, in order to understand its pedogenesis and define its classifications. The whole area was surveyed in order to assess its more representative pedogenic formations. Three soil profiles were classified and described, from which samples were collected in all horizons for physical, chemical and mineralogical analysis. The parent materials and the relief were the determining factors for pedogenic processes of desilication, podzolization and laterization, generating the three main soil types of the area, which were classified up to the 4th categorical level and described as: Typic Rhodustults (P1), Rhodic Haplustox (P2) and Typic Plinthustalfs (P3).

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Structural decline of soils, assessment and prevention

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9910905 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 905 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

WW Emerson

Keyword(s):

Structural Damage ◽

Soil Aggregates ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Field Capacity ◽

The Other ◽

Clay Soils ◽

Particle Bonding ◽

Remoulded Soil ◽

Cracking Clays

Two extreme textural types of cultivated surface soils are mainly considered here, non-shrinking red-brown earths and highly shrinking cracking clays. Total porosity is used to assess the structural status of the former. Values are compared with the highest and lowest values found in the field. For the latter, the criterion used is the porosity of dry aggregates or clods. Values here are taken from the literature. To find out why inter-particle bonding in soil aggregates is insufficient to stop structural decline, a scheme has been developed which includes a modified version of Emerson's (1967) classification of soil aggregates. Slaking is carefully assessed. The bulk density of a cube made from soil at 'field capacity' is measured as well as testing another for dispersion. Class 3 is now divided into 3a and 3b, according to the degree of dispersion of remoulded soil in water. Also apart from soils which disperse spontaneously from dry, classes 1 and 2, the dispersion of all soils is assessed after remoulding at 'field capacity'. It has been found that the red-brown earth site which had the best visual structure also had the largest total porosity and aggregates in class 4. At the worst site, aggregates were in class 3a and the porosity had been reduced to that of the soil cube. For cracking clays, porosity is appreciably higher where the aggregates are in class 4 rather than class 3a. Water content/dispersion curves are presented for the clays showing the extent of the increase in OD apparently associated with the presence of carbonate. Dispersion of sheared, class 3a soil immersed in water is only an outward sign of the structural damage caused when the soil is sheared too wet. If the soil is dried instead, porosity is still lost. Mechanisms are suggested by which the structure of class 3a clay soils are improved by adding carbonate. The slumping of red-brown earths and the use of surface dressings of gypsum to prevent severe dispersion after cultivation wet are discussed. The structural stability of aggregates in the other five classes is briefly considered. Classes 1 and 2 require an ameliorant to be added, the rest pose few problems.

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Application of Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence, γ-ray Spectrometry and Multivariate Statistical Approach for the Soil Classification of Samples from Douala – Cameroon

Radiation Physics and Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109589 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109589

Author(s):

Joel Cebastien SHOUOP GUEMBOU ◽

Maurice MOYO. NDONTCHUENG ◽

Jilbert Eric MEKONGTSO NGUELEM ◽

Ousmanou MOTAPON ◽

David STRIVAY

Keyword(s):

Statistical Approach ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Energy Dispersive ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

X Ray ◽

Multivariate Statistical Approach ◽

Γ Ray

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PoreAnalyzer—An Open-Source Framework for the Analysis and Classification of Defects in Additive Manufacturing

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11136086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 6086

Author(s):

Nils Ellendt ◽

Fabian Fabricius ◽

Anastasiya Toenjes

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Open Source ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Shape Accuracy ◽

Process Maps ◽

Defect Type ◽

Open Source Framework ◽

New Material ◽

High Cooling Rates

Additive manufacturing processes offer high geometric flexibility and allow the use of new alloy concepts due to high cooling rates. For each new material, parameter studies have to be performed to find process parameters that minimize microstructural defects such as pores or cracks. In this paper, we present a system developed in Python for accelerated image analysis of optical microscopy images. Batch processing can be used to quickly analyze large image sets with respect to pore size distribution, defect type, contribution of defect type to total porosity, and shape accuracy of printed samples. The open-source software is independent of the microscope used and is freely available for use. This framework allows us to perform such an analysis on a circular area with a diameter of 5 mm within 10 s, allowing detailed process maps to be obtained for new materials within minutes after preparation.

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