The selection of superior winter-hardy genotypes using a prolonged freeze test

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Gusta ◽  
B. J. O'Connor ◽  
M. G. MacHutcheon
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Freeze Test

Methods of assessing the freezing tolerance of winter cereals must be improved in order to distinguish small differences due to genotype or environment. Seed of eight winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) cultivars, ranging in winter hardiness, were sown either in mid-August, the first week of September or mid-September. Individual plants of each were collected in late October and stored at either −4° or −8 °C. In December controlled freeze tests, employing a cooling rate of 2 °C h−1, could not distinguish the less freezing-tolerant cultivars stored at −4 °C. However, by March the less winter-hardy cultivars from the third seeding date stored at −4 °C could be distinguished. Seedlings stored at −8 °C declined in freezing tolerance more rapidly than seedlings stored at −4 °C. In December, the less hardy winter wheat cultivars, Rose, Rita and Siouxland, were less freezing tolerant than the hardy cultivars (e.g. Norstar). Seedlings of Rita and Siouxland from the second and third seeding date died by February when stored at −8 °C. Seedlings of all winter wheat cultivars were dead by March, except Norstar and Alabaskaja, the most winter-hardy cultivars. Storage of seedlings of wheat, triticale (× Triticosecale Rimpani Wit.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) at either −12° or −15 °C readily identified the superior winter-hardy genotypes. For example, in mid-winter both Siouxland and Norstar winter wheat had a similar LT50 (temperature at which 50% of the plants are killed). However, Siouxland could not tolerate storage at either −12° or −15 °C for the same length of time as Norstar. These results support the theory that winter kill in nature is more a function of duration of exposure to sub-lethal temperatures rather than exposure to a minimum low temperature for a short duration as programmed in a conventional freeze test. A more realistic and precise freeze test would be to determine the ability of genotypes to survive lengthy exposure to sub-lethal low temperatures. Key words: Winter cereals, freezing tolerance, winter injury, duration effects, screening method

A comparison of the freezing tolerance of downy brome, Japanese brome and Norstar winter wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. O'Connor ◽  
L. V. Gusta ◽  
S. P. Paquette
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Tissue Water Content ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

The freezing tolerance of downy (Bromus tectorum L.) and Japanese (Bromus japonicus) brome were compared to Norstar winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) collected from similar sites. From December to April of 1987 downy brome was either equal to or superior in freezing tolerance to the winter wheat. Of the three species, Japanese brome was slightly less hardy in December but was of equal freezing tolerance in March and April. There was no correlation between freezing tolerance and tissue water content or tissue dry weight in the three species. These two bromes may become a serious weed in winter wheat because their cold hardiness is either equal or superior to our hardiest winter wheat cultivars. Key words: Downy brome, Japanese brome, winter wheat, freezing tolerance

scholarly journals Polymorphism of Gli-D1 alleles of Kragujevac’s winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genetika ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Desimir Knezevic ◽  
Aleksandra Novoselskaya-Dragovich
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Number Of Components ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Composition of gliadins encoded by Gli-D1 allele as well polymorphisms of Gli-D1 allele investigated in 25 wheat cultivars by using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoregrams obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used for estimation variability of gliadin components and identification of gliadin blocks. Five gliadin blocks encoded by different alleles at Gli-D1 locus were apparently expressed and identified. Gliadin blocks differed according to number of components and their molecular mass. Variability of determined block components indicates that existing polymorphisms of gliadins alleles. Frequency of identified 5 alleles at Gli-D1 locus was in ratio from 4% to 52%. The highest frequency of b allele and the of g allele was found.

DEHARDENING OF WINTER WHEAT AND RYE UNDER SPRING FIELD CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Changes in cold hardiness (LT50), fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content were measured on crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) taken from the field at weekly intervals in the spring of 1973 and 1974 at Saskatoon, Sask. In all trials, Frontier rye came out of the winter with superior cold hardiness and maintained a higher level of hardiness during most of the dehardening period. For cultivars of both species, rapid dehardening did not occur until the ground temperature at crown depth remained above 5 C for several days. Changes in crown moisture content tended to increase during dehardening. Over this same period crown dry weight increased for winter rye but did not show a consistent pattern of change for winter wheat. Two test sites were utilized in 1974. One site was protected by trees and the other was exposed. General patterns of dehardening were similar for these two sites, but cultivar winter field survival potentials were reflected only by LT50 ratings for the exposed test site. The influence of fall seeding date on spring dehardening was also investigated. Late-seeded wheat plots did not survive the winter in all trials. However, where there was winter survival, no differences in rate of dehardening due to seeding date were observed.

scholarly journals Effects of tillage system and forecrop type on frequency of Fusarium culmorum and F. avenaceum occurrence on culm base of some winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Weber ◽  
Włodzimierz Kita
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

In the years 2001 - 2003, there were analyzed relations between the number of <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> and <i>F. avenaceum</i>, fungi found on culm base parts of stalks of seven winter wheat cultivars, and preceding crop type as well as the cultivation system. The research was carried out in Poland, on light soil plots of a Lower Silesia-based experimental station subordinate to the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG). The loglinear and correspondence analyses proved varying immunity of particular wheat cultivars to <i>F. culmorum</i> and <i>F. avenaceum</i> fungi. There were also observed significant differences in <i>Fusarium</i> diseases of wheat as dependent on precipitation and temperature in the growing season. The Kobra cultivar was highly resistant to <i>F. avenaceum</i>. The lowest amounts of <i>F. culmorum</i> fungi were detected in the culm base parts of the Izolda cultivar. The cultivation of corn, as a preceding crop for oats and for spring wheat, did significantly differentiate varieties of fungi in the cultivation systems examined. In the plough cultivation system, wheat was mainly infected by <i>Fusarium culmorum</i>, whereas in direct sowing, particular cultivars of wheat were mostly infected by <i>F. avenaceum</i>.

EFFECT OF A Rht GENE CONDITIONING THE SEMIDWARF CHARACTER ON WINTERHARDINESS IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. GILLILAND ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

In the northern part of the North American Great Plains, the level of cultivar winter-hardiness required for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is extremely high. Presently, available winter wheat cultivars with adequate winterhardiness are tall and, under favourable growing conditions, crop lodging and excessive amounts of straw can present serious production problems. Consequently, cultivars with short, stiff straw and a high harvest index would be desirable for high production areas within this region. However, semidwarf cultivars with superior winterhardiness have not yet been developed. In this study, six GA-insensitive (Rht) semidwarf parents with poor to moderate winterhardiness were crossed with three GA-sensitive (rht) tall parents possessing good winterhardiness to produce 20 different single, three-way and double crosses. These crosses were evaluated to determine if the GA-insensitive character could be combined with a high level of winterhardiness in winter wheat. Gibberellic acid (GA) sensitivity analyses of F2 seedlings established that a single GA-insensitive gene was involved in each cross. F2-derived F3 and F3-derived F4 lines were assessed for GA-sensitivity and winterhardiness levels were determined from field survival at several locations in Saskatchewan, Canada. Winter survival of homozygous GA-sensitive and GA-insensitive lines were similar in both generations. Lines with winterhardiness levels similar to those of the three tall parent cultivars were recovered in all GA-response classes. The absence of a meaningful pleiotropic effect of Rht genes on winterhardiness indicates that the reason semidwarf cultivars with superior winterhardiness levels have not been developed is due to the lack of a concentrated breeding effort to combine the two characters. A breeding strategy for the production of adapted winterhardy semidwarf winter wheat cultivars is discussed. The influence of endogenous gibberellin levels on cold hardiness in winter wheat is also considered.Key words: Cold hardiness, field survival, Triticum aestivum L, semidwarf, Gibberellic acid

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