Overseeding rye into corn reduces NO3 leaching and increases yields

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Ball-Coelho ◽  
R. C. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Normal Rainfall ◽  
Yield Penalty

Non-irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) produced on coarse-textured soils during droughty years can result in excess NO3 available for leaching. To evaluate the effect of overseeding cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) into corn on yields, NO3 leaching and a pre-sidedress nitrate test (PSNT), we broadcast rye seed (Aug. 1993, 1994 and 1995) into conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) corn receiving six fertilizer N rates. There was no corn yield penalty with the cover crop. Corn grain yields and the extent to which NO3 leaching was reduced by the rye cover depended on rainfall. With the rye (compared with no rye) subsoil solution NO3 concentrations were: unchanged (fall 1994) following above normal rainfall and corn yields; reduced by 8 mg NO3N L−1 (fall 1995) following intermediate rainfall and yields; and reduced by 28 mg NO3-N L−1 (fall 1993) and 11 mg NO3-N L−1 (spring 1994) following the driest growing season (average of CT and NT). Improved N availability with the rye was detected by a PSNT under CT, but not under NT. Therefore sidedress N rates can be adjusted for release of rye residue-N under CT, and potential NO3 contamination of groundwater can be reduced by overseeding winter rye into both CT and NT corn systems. Key words:Zea mays, Secale cereale, pre-sidedress nitrate test, tillage, nitrogen fertilization

Long-term effects of late-summer overseeding of winter rye on corn grain yield and nitrogen balance

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R Ball Coelho ◽  
R. C Roy ◽  
A. J Bruin
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Long Term Effects

Winter rye (Secale cereale) overseeded into standing corn (Zea mays L.) on sandy soil controlled NO3 leaching over the short-term (3 yr). Long-term effects were unknown, so yield and N balance were monitored for an additional 6 yr with and without a rye cover crop under conventional (CT) and no-till (NT) management at six fertilizer N rates. Corn yield was greater with rye cover cropping than without in 6 of the last 7 yr. Response exceeded 1600 kg grain ha-1 (average 100–200 kg fertilizer N ha-1) by year 8 (wet following a dry year) and was greater under NT than CT in dry years (years 7 and 9). The response is attributed to improved soil physical properties and N availability. Rye N uptake increased with fertilizer N rate particularly following dry growing seasons, with shoots containing up to 73 kg N ha-1. Post-harvest topsoil NO3 was reduced by the rye in all but the initial year, and groundwater NO3-N concentrations only exceeded 10 mg L-1 without rye. The overseeding system facilitates utilization of conserved N and reduces movement of NO3 to groundwater over the long term. Key words: Nitrogen management, Zea mays, Secale cereale, cover crop, soil nitrate, tillage

Cell Wall Deposits in Winter Rye Secale cereale L. 'Puma' during Cold Acclimation

1982 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Griffith ◽  
Gregory N. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Relationship between extract viscosity and kernel size in winter rye

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427
Author(s):  
Y. T. Gan ◽  
J. G. McLeod ◽  
G. J. Scoles ◽  
G. L. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Kernel Width ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Efficient Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Rye (Secale cereale L.) grain with low extract viscosity (EV) and superior kernel characteristics is desired when used in diets of monogastric animals. Knowledge of the relationship between EV and kernel characteristics is needed to develop an efficient selection strategy for breeding cultivars that meet the two criteria. Grains of 11 open-pollinated population varieties/lines grown in 21 environments were studied to determine the relationship between EV and kernel weight (KWT) among genotypes and environmental effects. Grains of eight out of the eleven varieties/lines were screened into five kernel-size categories, <2.0, 2.0–2.4, 2.4–2.8, 2.8–3.2, >3.2 mm in kernel width, to determine the relationship between EV and kernel width within a genotype. EV was a linear function of KWT; high KWT is indicative of low EV. The degree of the relationship was affected by environment. For example, grains grown at Swift Current had a stronger relationship between EV and KWT than those from Lacombe (b = −1.67 vs. −0.31). For the grain from Swift Current, 60% of variability in EV was attributable to KWT, while for the grain from Lacombe only ≈ 20% of variability in EV was explainable by KWT. Among the various kernel-width categories within a genotype, 60 to 98% of variability in EV was attributable to kernel width, with some genotypes responding to a greater degree than others. In development of winter rye cultivars low in extract viscosity, breeders could combine kernel weight/width into the selection strategy to enhance the selection progress or use kernel weight/width as a reference in selection of extract viscosity trait. Key words: Pentosans, arabinoxylans, kernel weight, Secale cereale

Gelation in protein extracts from cold acclimated and non-acclimated winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv Musketeer)

Cryobiology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Long Lim ◽  
Nicholas H. Low ◽  
Barbara A. Moffatt ◽  
Gordon R. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Secale Cereale L
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