Rainfall-runoff Processes in a Granitic Mountain Catchment, Setouchi Region.

The maintenance of a drainage system in a waterlogged mountain catchment impacted by earlier harvesting operations was assessed on the basis of a hydrological analysis (hydrological balance, three linear reservoirs method). To restore pre-harvest hydrological conditions, the water-saturated localities were experimentally drained both by restoration of existing ditches and digging of additional open ditches. The rainwater retention of the soil was illustrated by two comparable storm flow events occurring before and after the draining treatment. Pedohydrological analysis revealed the important involvement of static retention in capillary pores in the rainfall-runoff process during rainstorm events. Restoration and addition of the drainage system yield more favourable generation and better proportioned distribution of storm flow discharge. There would be no danger of water depletion in the catchment during dry periods in connection with the draining treatment. In comparison with the state before drainage system maintenance, the static retention after draining treatment became greater than zero. Both the dynamic retention (detention) and static retention helped balancing storm flows in terms of flood and drought control. The successive drop of the raised water table level following drainage system maintenance resulted in changes of actual retention and subsequent runoff. The drainage procedure proved its positive influence on reforestation and the environment, as no negative impact on soil and stream hydrology was found.

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Rainfall-runoff events in a middle mountain catchment of Nepal

Journal of Hydrology ◽

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.05.030 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 331 (3-4) ◽

pp. 446-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Juerg Merz ◽

Pradeep M. Dangol ◽

Madhav P. Dhakal ◽

Bhawani S. Dongol ◽

Gopal Nakarmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Mountain Catchment ◽

Runoff Events

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Model analysis of forest thinning impacts on the water resources during hydrological drought periods

10.22541/au.161760827.71851449/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hiroki Momiyama ◽

Tomo'omi Kumagai ◽

Tomohiro Egusa

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Forest Thinning ◽

Flow Duration ◽

Mountain Catchment ◽

Data Generator ◽

Flow Duration Curves ◽

Rainfall Runoff Model ◽

Runoff Model

In Japan, there has recently been an increasing call for forest thinning to conserve water resources from forested mountain catchments in terms of runoff during prolonged drought periods of the year. How their water balance and the resultant runoff are altered by forest thinning is examined using a combination of 8-year hydrological observations, 100-year meteorological data generator output, and a semi-process-based rainfall-runoff model. The rainfall-runoff model is developed based on TOPMODEL assuming that forest thinning has an impact on runoff primarily through an alteration in canopy interception. The main novelty in this analysis is that the availability of the generated 100-year meteorological data allows the investigations of the forest thinning impacts on mountain catchment water resources under the most severer drought conditions. The model is validated against runoff observations conducted at a forested mountain catchment in the Kanto region of Japan for the period 2010–2017. It is demonstrated that the model reproduces temporal variations in runoff and evapotranspiration at inter- and intra-annual time scales, resulting in well reproducing the observed flow duration curves. On the basis of projected flow duration curves for the 100-year, despite the large increase in an annual total runoff with ordinary intensifying thinning, low flow rates, i.e., water resources from the catchment in the drought period in the year, in both normal and drought years were impacted by the forest thinning to a lesser extent. Higher catchment water retention capacity appreciably enhanced the forest thinning effect on increasing available water resources.

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Variation of nitrates in runoff from mountain and rural areas

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-006-0171-0 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 61 (19) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ladislav Holko ◽

Zdeněk Kostka ◽

L’ubomír Lichner ◽

Vladimír Píš

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Summer Rainfall ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽

Mountain Catchment ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Similar Range ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Mountain Part

AbstractThe paper presents results of temporal and spatial variation of nitrates in streamwater in the small mountain catchment of the Jalovecký creek, the Western Tatra Mountains, Slovakia. Water samples were collected between October 2003 and April 2005 in areas with contrasting catchments. Water samples collected at the outlet of the mountain part (almost no human activities) had lower concentrations of nitrates than the samples collected donwstream in the rural area. The differences were smaller during the warm period of the year. The highest concentrations of nitrates and the highest differences among the uninhabited and inhabited areas were observed at the time of snowmelt. Samples collected along the creek in March and April 2005 showed increasing concentrations with increasing urbanization. Concentrations of nitrates measured during springs 1992, 2004 and 2005 were in similar range. Higher frequency sampling during the summer rainfall-runoff event indicated that concentrations of nitrates in the creek varied during the event. Water samples from snow had low concentrations of nitrates.

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Implementation of the curve number method and the KINFIL model in the Smeda Catchment to mitigate overland flow with the use of terraces

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/163/2017-swr ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 98-107

Author(s):

P. Kovář ◽

D. Fedorova ◽

H. Bačinová

Keyword(s):

Overland Flow ◽

Extreme Rainfall ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Curve Number ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Practical Application ◽

Mountain Catchment ◽

Enormous Amount ◽

Combination Of Methods

The Smeda catchment, where the Smeda Brook drains an area of about 26 km2, is located in northern Bohemia in the Jizerské hory Mts. This experimental mountain catchment with the Bily Potok downstream gauge profile was selected as a model area for simulating extreme rainfall-runoff processes, using the KINFIL model supplemented by the Curve Number (CN) method. The combination of methods applied here consists of two parts. The first part is an application of the CN theory, where CN is correlated with hydraulic conductivity Ks of the soil types, and also with storage suction factor Sf at field capacity FC: CN = f(Ks, Sf). The second part of the combined KINFIL/CN method, represented by the KINFIL model, is based on the kinematic wave method which, in combination with infiltration, mitigates the overland flow. This simulation was chosen as an alternative to an enormous amount of field measurements. The combination used here was shown to provide a successful method. However, practical application would require at least four sub-catchments, so that more terraces can be placed. The provision of effective measures will require more investment than is currently envisaged.

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