Some Properties of Generalized Euler Numbers

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Leeming ◽  
R. A. Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Roots Of Unity ◽  
Euler Numbers ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Image Position

We define infinitely many sequences of integers one sequence for each positive integer k ≦ 2 by(1.1)where are the k-th roots of unity and (E(k))n is replaced by En(k) after multiplying out. An immediate consequence of (1.1) is(1.2)Therefore, we are interested in numbers of the form Esk(k) (s = 0, 1, 2, …; k = 2, 3, …).Some special cases have been considered in the literature. For k = 2, we obtain the Euler numbers (see e.g. [8]). The case k = 3 is considered briefly by D. H. Lehmer [7], and the case k = 4 by Leeming [6] and Carlitz ([1]and [2]).

Generalized Euler Number Sequences: Asymptotic Estimates and Congruences

1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Leeming ◽  
R. A. Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Euler Number ◽  
Roots Of Unity ◽  
Asymptotic Estimates ◽  
Integer Sequences ◽  
Numerical Evidence ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Asymptotic Rate ◽  
Number Sequences ◽  
Image Position

We define (as in [7]) integer sequences one for each positive integer k ≧ 2, by1.1where are the kth roots of unity and (E(k))n is replaced by after multiplying out. We note that (1.1) implies , n ≠ 0 (mod k).In [7], we considered some special properties of these number sequences, proved several congruences and conjectured several others. This paper is a continuation of the work presented in [7].In Section 2 we demonstrate the asymptotic rate of growth of the numbers by showing thatIn Section 3 we present a large number of congruences (modulo 2048), some of which are proved or can be proved by the techniques presented herein, and other congruences which appear to be true on the basis of numerical evidence.

scholarly journals The Divisibility of Divisor Functions

1961 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Divisor Functions ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Positive Integers

For any positive integers n and v letwhere d runs through all the positive divisors of n. For each positive integer k and real x > 1, denote by N(v, k; x) the number of positive integers n ≦ x for which σv(n) is not divisible by k. Then Watson [6] has shown that, when v is odd,as x → ∞; it is assumed here and throughout that v and k are fixed and independent of x. It follows, in particular, that σ (n) is almost always divisible by k. A brief account of the ideas used by Watson will be found in § 10.6 of Hardy's book on Ramanujan [2].

The Distribution Of Totatives

1955 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Lehmer
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Prime Factors ◽  
Image Position

This paper is concerned with the numbers which are relatively prime to a given positive integerwhere the p's are the distinct prime factors of n. Since these numbers recur periodically with period n, it suffices to study the ϕ(n) numbers ≤n and relatively prime to n.

scholarly journals An algebraically closed field

1968 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Power Series ◽  
Formal Power Series ◽  
Characteristic Zero ◽  
Closed Field ◽  
Algebraically Closed Field ◽  
Zero Characteristic ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Formal Power ◽  
Puiseux Expansions

Letkbe any algebraically closed field, and denote byk((t)) the field of formal power series in one indeterminatetoverk. Letso thatKis the field of Puiseux expansions with coefficients ink(each element ofKis a formal power series intl/rfor some positive integerr). It is well-known thatKis algebraically closed if and only ifkis of characteristic zero [1, p. 61]. For examples relating to ramified extensions of fields with valuation [9, §6] it is useful to have a field analogous toKwhich is algebraically closed whenkhas non-zero characteristicp. In this paper, I prove that the setLof all formal power series of the form Σaitei(where (ei) is well-ordered,ei=mi|nprt,n∈ Ζ,mi∈ Ζ,ai∈k,ri∈ Ν) forms an algebraically closed field.

scholarly journals An Integral involving a Modified Bessel Function of the Second Kind and an E-function

1953 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad M. Ragab
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Bessel Function ◽  
Modified Bessel Function ◽  
Image Position

§ 1. Introductory. The formula to be established iswhere m is a positive integer,and the constants are such that the integral converges.

scholarly journals On the 2-adic order of Stirling numbers of the second kind and their differences

2009 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AK,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Lengyel
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Stirling Numbers ◽  
Bell Polynomials ◽  
Binary Representation ◽  
Exact Order ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
International Audience ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Divisibility Properties ◽  
Positive Integers

International audience Let $n$ and $k$ be positive integers, $d(k)$ and $\nu_2(k)$ denote the number of ones in the binary representation of $k$ and the highest power of two dividing $k$, respectively. De Wannemacker recently proved for the Stirling numbers of the second kind that $\nu_2(S(2^n,k))=d(k)-1, 1\leq k \leq 2^n$. Here we prove that $\nu_2(S(c2^n,k))=d(k)-1, 1\leq k \leq 2^n$, for any positive integer $c$. We improve and extend this statement in some special cases. For the difference, we obtain lower bounds on $\nu_2(S(c2^{n+1}+u,k)-S(c2^n+u,k))$ for any nonnegative integer $u$, make a conjecture on the exact order and, for $u=0$, prove part of it when $k \leq 6$, or $k \geq 5$ and $d(k) \leq 2$. The proofs rely on congruential identities for power series and polynomials related to the Stirling numbers and Bell polynomials, and some divisibility properties.

scholarly journals Integrals involving products of modified Bessel functions of the second kind

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Ragab
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Bessel Functions ◽  
Modified Bessel Functions ◽  
Image Position

It is proposed to establish the two following integrals.where n is a positive integer, x is real and positive, μi and ν are complex, and Δ (n; a) represents the set of parameterswhere n is a positive integer and x is real and positive.

scholarly journals Positive solutions and eigenvalues of conjugate boundary value problems

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi P. Agarwal ◽  
Martin Bohner ◽  
Patricia J. Y. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Value Problem ◽  
Boundary Value Problems ◽  
Positive Solution ◽  
Positive Solutions ◽  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Boundary Value ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Image Position

We consider the following boundary value problemwhere λ > 0 and 1 ≤ p ≤ n – 1 is fixed. The values of λ are characterized so that the boundary value problem has a positive solution. Further, for the case λ = 1 we offer criteria for the existence of two positive solutions of the boundary value problem. Upper and lower bounds for these positive solutions are also established for special cases. Several examples are included to dwell upon the importance of the results obtained.

Connection formulae for spectral functions associated with singular Dirac equations

2004 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Riehl
Keyword(s):  
Dirac Equation ◽  
Spectral Function ◽  
Limit Point ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Spectral Functions ◽  
Dirac Equations ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Limit Point Case ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Connection Formulae

We consider the Dirac equation given by with initial condition y1 (0) cos α + y2(0) sin α = 0, α ε [0; π ) and suppose the equation is in the limit-point case at infinity. Using to denote the derivative of the corresponding spectral function, a formula for is given when is known and positive for three distinct values of α. In general, if is known and positive for only two distinct values of α, then is shown to be one of two possibilities. However, in special cases of the Dirac equation, can be uniquely determined given for only two values of α.

Type A Weyl Group Multiple Dirichlet Series

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Brubaker ◽  
Daniel Bump ◽  
Solomon Friedberg
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Dirichlet Series ◽  
Weyl Group ◽  
Algebraic Number ◽  
Type A ◽  
Algebraic Number Field ◽  
Basis Vector ◽  
Roots Of Unity ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Multiple Dirichlet Series

This chapter describes Type A Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series. It begins by defining the basic shape of the class of Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series. To do so, the following parameters are introduced: Φ‎, a reduced root system; n, a positive integer; F, an algebraic number field containing the group μ‎₂ₙ of 2n-th roots of unity; S, a finite set of places of F containing all the archimedean places, all places ramified over a ℚ; and an r-tuple of nonzero S-integers. In the language of representation theory, the weight of the basis vector corresponding to the Gelfand-Tsetlin pattern can be read from differences of consecutive row sums in the pattern. The chapter considers in this case expressions of the weight of the pattern up to an affine linear transformation.

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