A Note on Groups of Ree Type

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lorimer
Keyword(s):  
Ree Group ◽  
Transitive Representation

The nonsolvable R-groups as defined by Walter [3] are groups of orders (q3+l)q3(q — 1), q = 32n+1, n ≥ 0. These are the groups of Ree type discussed by Ward [4] together with the Ree group R(3) of order 28.27.2. The R-group with parameter q has a doubly transitive representation of degree q3+1 but in this note we will prove that it cannot contain a sharply doubly transitive subset.

Energy expenditure after infusion of glucose-based total parenteral nutrition

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. E135-E141 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Gil ◽  
J. Askanazi ◽  
D. H. Elwyn ◽  
F. E. Gump ◽  
J. M. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Total Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Glucose Intake ◽  
Glucose Storage ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Ree Group ◽  
Thermic Effect ◽  
Group 1

Resting energy expenditure (REE), carbohydrate balance, and lipogenesis were calculated after administration of glucose-based total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to determine whether the thermic effect of glucose is equal to the energy cost of storing the glucose. Estimated cost of storage as glycogen (5.3%) and fat (19%) was compared with measured increases in REE. Patients with malnutrition received 5% dextrose in water and 6 days of TPN with a low (1.2 times REE, group 1) or high (2.0 times REE, group 2) level of glucose intake. Increases in REE by day 6 were 10% (group 1) and 28% (group 2). The theoretical cost of glucose storage as glycogen and fat accounted for approximately 40% of the measured increase in REE in patients in group 2. The thermic effect of TPN (derived from patients in group 1) accounted for most of the balance. The majority of the thermic effect of high levels of glucose infused with TPN can be explained on the basis of the thermic effect of TPN and glucose storage.

scholarly journals Changes in Resting Energy Expenditure following Gastric Bypass Surgery: Impact on Total Body Weight.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathimath Naseer ◽  
Ruth Price ◽  
Adele McElroy ◽  
Carel Le Roux ◽  
Tamsyn Redpath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Ree Group

AbstractBariatric surgery, including Gastric Bypass (GBP) Surgery, is the most efficient modality to manage severe obesity. Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) is an area of interest in the context of weight loss (WL) as it has been postulated to be an independent predictor of WL success following GBP. As such, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of REE on WL following GBP. 31 GBP patients (77.4% females BMI 45.5 ± 7.0kg/m2 ; 47.3 ± 11.6y) and 32 weight-stable controls (46.9% females; BMI 27.0 ± 4.6kg/m2 ; 41.1 ± 13.5y) were assessed at one-month pre-surgery and at 3 and 12-months post-surgery. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar iDXA, GE Healthcare). REE was measured under standardised conditions using indirect calorimetry (ECAL, Metabolic Health Solutions). Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS v24.0, Armonk, NY. Multiple regression analysis showed that FM (P = 0.001), FFM (P < 0.0001) and gender (P = 0.012) significantly predicted the interindividual variability in REE. Total body weight (TBW) was removed from the model due to collinearity. Adjusted-REE values were then generated using the above predictor variables. Low-REE and high-REE groups were created using within-group adjusted-REE split. At both follow-ups (3- and 12-months post-surgery), patients had a greater reduction in TBW, FM, FFM, measured-REE and adjusted-REE values compared with controls (P < 0.0001). There was also no significant difference between measured and adjusted-REE values at all time-points (P > 0.05). Patients with high REEs at baseline lost more TBW than those in the low-REE group at 3-months post-surgery (-24.9 ± 6.5 kg vs. -16.6 ± 7.0 kg; P = 0.005) and 12-months post-surgery (-41.3 ± 12.5 kg vs. -25.8 ± 10.4.0 kg; P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in mean TBW changes for controls in the low-and high-REE groups at both follow-ups. Patients with high REEs at 3-months post-surgery did not lose more TBW than those in the low-REE group at 12-months post-surgery (-30.1 ± 12.8 kg vs. -38.6 ± 14.4 kg; P = 0.155). Similarly, there was no difference in mean TBW reduction between controls in the low- and high-REE groups (P = 0.115). Thus while patients with a high adjusted-REE value at baseline (> 9746.6kJ/day) lost more weight at 3- and 12-months post-GBP, it is plausible that from the third to the 12th month post-surgery, other key drivers of weight loss, particularly the reduction in energy intake are more important in predicting WL. Further research with a larger sample size is required to increase the chances of detecting a true effect.

A new characterization of Suzuki-Ree group

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiyun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ree Group

Clebsch–Gordan decomposition for transitive representations

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1061-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lulek ◽  
T. Lulek ◽  
R. Chatterjee ◽  
J. Biel
Keyword(s):  
Finite Group ◽  
Direct Product ◽  
Fibre Bundle ◽  
Canonical Realization ◽  
A Finite Group ◽  
Method Of Evaluation ◽  
Transitive Representation

The method of evaluation of Clebsch–Gordan coefficients to calculate the direct product of transitive representations for a finite group is developed. This procedure is based on the Mackey theorem and on the canonical realization of transitive representations. It is shown that the Clebsch–Gordan decomposition is associated with a natural interpretation of an orbit of a resultant transitive representation and it is analogous to a fibre bundle with the fibration being determined by constituent transitive representations.

scholarly journals Studi Fasa dan Sifat Termal Lantanum Oksida Berbasis Monasit

EKSPLORIUM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Sari Hasnah Dewi ◽  
Wisnu Ari Adi ◽  
Suyanti Suyanti
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Certified Reference Material ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ree Group ◽  
Tin Deposit

ABSTRAKPotensi logam tanah jarang (LTJ) di Indonesia sangat besar, terutama yang berasal dari mineral monasit. Monasit merupakan gabungan unsur LTJ-U/Th-fosfat yang berkaitan dengan endapan timah dan unsur-unsur radioaktif. Melalui program BATAN incorporated mineral monasit diolah menjadi bahan yang lebih benilai jual secara ekonomi. Lantanum (La) adalah logam yang termasuk dalam kelompok logam tanah jarang yang memiliki sifat-sifat unggul sebagai pigmen dan sebagai penyerap gelombang elektromagnetik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh informasi pengaruh pemanasan tinggi terhadap produk pilot plant pengolahan logam tanah jarang hidroksida (RE(OH)3) dari monasit, khususnya produk La2(C2O4)3 untuk pembuatan Certified Reference Material (CRM) La2O3. Bahan yang telah ditimbang dikalsinasi pada combustion boat dengan menggunakan furnace pada suhu pemanasan 1.000 OC dan 1.300 OC. Dekomposisi termal dianalisis dengan menggunakan Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Formasi fasa bahan dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Hasil analisis XRD menunjukkan hasil akhir fasa bahan berubah menjadi La2O3 sebesar 28,76% dan La(OH)3 sebesar 71,24%.ABSTRACTRare earth elements (REE) in Indonesia have great potency, mainly from monazite mineral. Monazite is a combination of REE-U/Th-phosphate elements which is associated with tin deposit and radioactive elements. Through BATAN incorporated program, monazite mineral is processed to become more economically valuable materials. Lanthanum (La) is a metal element, part of REE group, which has excellent properties for pigment and electromagnetic absorber. The purpose of this study is to obtain information related to the effect of calcination in high temperature on the product of monazite’s REE hydroxide (RE(OH)3) processing pilot plant, specific on La2(C4O4)3 for Certified Reference Material (CRM) La­2O3 making. The weighed material is calcined on combustion boat by using a furnace at heating temperature of 1,000 OC and 1,300 OC. Thermal decomposition is analyzed by using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Material phase formation is analyzed by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method. XRD analysis shows the material in final phase has been transform to 28.76 % La2O3 and 71.24 % La(OH)3.

scholarly journals Ecotoxicity Responses of the Macrophyte Algae Nitellopsis obtusa and Freshwater Crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus to 12 Rare Earth Elements

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7130
Author(s):  
Levonas Manusadžianas ◽  
Rimantas Vitkus ◽  
Brigita Gylytė ◽  
Reda Cimmperman ◽  
Mindaugas Džiugelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nitellopsis Obtusa ◽  
Ionic Radii ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Thamnocephalus Platyurus ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations ◽  
Freshwater Crustacean ◽  
Ree Group

Due to unique chemical properties, rare earth elements (REEs) are increasingly used in versatile technological applications. They are considered emerging environmental contaminants, since they become mobile instead of being bound in rocks. At present, the information on REE effects to aquatic biota is scarce and contradictory. This study aims to explore the ecotoxicity of 11 lanthanides (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, and Lu) and yttrium (Y) to charophyte algae Nitellopsis obtusa and microcrustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus. Median lethal concentrations (LC50) were assessed in characean cells at 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 days of exposure, and 24-h LC50s were determined in shrimps. According to the EU−Directive 93/67/EEC hazard classification scheme and 24-day LC50 values generated for N. obtusa, REE effects were assigned from “harmful” to “very toxic” (Gd), while 24-h LC50s for T. platyurus were classified as “harmful” or “toxic” (based on nominal concentrations) and as “toxic” or “very toxic” (based on REE free ion concentrations calculated with CHEAQS Next software). The data obtained for algae showed correlations with the REE atomic numbers (r = −0.68, p < 0.05) and ionic radii (r = 0.65, p < 0.05) at the most extended 24-day exposure only. The analysis of the trends of concentration−response (c–r) curves obtained at increasing exposure durations (8–24 days), alongside the 24-day LC50s ranging within almost two orders of magnitude, allowed a more-toxic heavy REE group to be distinguished, and somewhat different modes REE actions to be envisioned for N. obtusa.

scholarly journals The norm of a Ree group

2010 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 15-41
Author(s):  
Tom De Medts ◽  
Richard M. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Short Proof ◽  
Explicit Construction ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Ree Group

AbstractWe give an explicit construction of the Ree groups of type G2 as groups acting on mixed Moufang hexagons together with detailed proofs of the basic properties of these groups contained in the two fundamental papers of Tits on this subject (see [7] and [8]). We also give a short proof that the norm of a Ree group is anisotropic.

scholarly journals Separation of Rare Earth Elements (REE) by Ion Interaction Chromatography (IIC) Using Diglycolic Acid (ODA) as a Complexing Agent

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-482
Author(s):  
Rajmund S. Dybczyński ◽  
Krzysztof Kulisa
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Diglycolic Acid ◽  
Lanthanide Series ◽  
Light Lanthanides ◽  
Ree Group

AbstractThe possibility of rare earth elements (REE) separation by ion interaction chromatography (IIC) employing their complexes with diglycolic acid (ODA) in anion exchange mode has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Calculations, assuming that only trivalent complex is significantly uptaken by the stationary phase, indicated that at at pH 4–6, the retention in the lanthanide series should increase from La to the Tb–Dy–Ho region with yttrium showing apparent atomic number (App.At.No.) of 67½ and then decrease with further increase of atomic number. Chromatographic experiments in the system: Column: Eternity C18—mobile phase 5 mM ODA/8.6 mM TBAOH/0.6 mM HNO3; pH 4.60 confirmed theoretically predictions. It was found that scandium at pH ≥ 4.0 elutes in front of the whole REE group but at low pH enters the region of light lanthanides. The non-monotonical change of affinity of the REE with the increase of atomic number results in quite unusual order of elution of REE namely: Sc < La < Ce < Lu < Pr < Yb < Nd < Tm < Sm < Eu < Er≈Y < Gd < Ho < Tb≈Dy.

scholarly journals The norm of a Ree group

2010 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 15-41
Author(s):  
Tom De Medts ◽  
Richard M. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Short Proof ◽  
Explicit Construction ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Ree Group

AbstractWe give an explicit construction of the Ree groups of typeG2as groups acting on mixed Moufang hexagons together with detailed proofs of the basic properties of these groups contained in the two fundamental papers of Tits on this subject (see [7] and [8]). We also give a short proof that the norm of a Ree group is anisotropic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document