Cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade and predictive biomarkers

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Augusto Borin Scutti
Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5912
Author(s):  
Angèle Luby ◽  
Marie-Clotilde Alves-Guerra

Over the past decade, advances in cancer immunotherapy through PD1–PDL1 and CTLA4 immune checkpoint blockade have revolutionized the management of cancer treatment. However, these treatments are inefficient for many cancers, and unfortunately, few patients respond to these treatments. Indeed, altered metabolic pathways in the tumor play a pivotal role in tumor growth and immune response. Thus, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) reprograms the behavior of immune cells by altering their cellular machinery and nutrient availability to limit antitumor functions. Today, thanks to a better understanding of cancer metabolism, immunometabolism and immune checkpoint evasion, the development of new therapeutic approaches targeting the energy metabolism of cancer or immune cells greatly improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in different cancer models. Herein, we highlight the changes in metabolic pathways that regulate the differentiation of pro- and antitumor immune cells and how TME-induced metabolic stress impedes their antitumor activity. Finally, we propose some drug strategies to target these pathways in the context of cancer immunotherapy.


Immunotherapy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Song ◽  
Zhaoming Li ◽  
Weili Xue ◽  
Mingzhi Zhang

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e000374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Lu ◽  
Huan Chen ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Jifang Gong ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
...  

BackgroundDespite the great achievements made in immune-checkpoint-blockade (ICB) in cancer therapy, there are no effective predictive biomarkers in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.MethodsThis study included 93 metastatic GI patients treated with ICBs. The first cohort comprising 73 GI cancer patients were randomly assigned into discovery (n=44) and validation (n=29) cohorts. Comprehensive genomic profiling was performed on all samples to determine tumor mutational burden (TMB) and copy-number alterations (CNAs). A subset of samples was collected for RNA immune oncology (IO) panel sequencing, microsatellite instability (MSI)/mismatch repair and program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression evaluation. In addition, 20 gastric cancer (GC) patients were recruited as the second validation cohort.ResultsIn the first cohort of 73 GI cancer patients, a lower burden of CNA was observed in patients with durable clinical benefit (DCB). In both the discovery (n=44) and validation (n=29) subsets, lower burden of CNA was associated with an improved clinical benefit and better overall survival (OS). Efficacy also correlated with a higher TMB. Of note, a combinatorial biomarker of TMB and CNA may better stratify DCB patients from ICB treatment, which was further confirmed in the second validation cohort of 20 GC patients. Finally, patients with lower burden of CNA revealed increased immune signatures in our cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets as well.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the burden of CNA may have superior predictive value compared with other signatures, including PD-L1, MSI and TMB. The joint biomarker of CNA burden and TMB may better stratify DCB patients, thereby providing a rational choice for GI patients treated with ICBs.


2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3051-3051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Zamarin ◽  
Rikke Baek Holmgaard ◽  
Sumit Kumar Subudhi ◽  
Joon-Seok Park ◽  
Mena Mansour ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e20512-e20512
Author(s):  
Paul R. Walker ◽  
Nitika Sharma ◽  
Chipman Robert Geoffrey Stroud ◽  
Mahvish Muzaffar ◽  
Cynthia R. Cherry ◽  
...  

e20512 Background: Veristrat (Biodesix, Boulder, CO) is a blood based proteomic assay that is dominated by inflammatory proteins and is prognostic and predictive in metastatic NSCLC after treatment with platinum based chemotherapy (Gregorc et al, Lancet 2014). Smoldering inflammation in the tumor microenvironment regulates and escalates cancer invasion, angiogenesis and immune surveillance escape (Balkwill and Mantovani, Lancet 2001). There is preclinical evidence to suggest that the tumor microenvironment can be altered with immunomodulatory interventions (Martino et al, 2016). While immune checkpoint blockade has shown durable benefit in metastatic NSCLC, the response rates still hover around 20%. As a result, identification of predictive biomarkers are of critical importance. The predictive value of the Veristrat assay with respect to ICB is poorly defined. Methods: At our institution, 83 pts with metastatic lung cancer pts were treated with nivolumab between 6/2015 to 12/2016. The following clinicopathologic characteristics were abstracted from medical records: tumor histology, Veristrat status, no. of doses of nivolumab, irAEs and overall survival. Results: Of the 83 pts, 65 pts were found to have NSCLC. Veristrat status was available for 17/65 of these pts. Nine pts were identified to have “Veristrat good” and seven pts were “Veristrat poor”. Median number of nivolumab doses was 4. Median survival for all patients was 30 weeks. Median survival was 20 weeks for “Veristrat poor” and 26 weeks for “Veristrat good”(p = 0.68). Grade 3-4 irAEs were noted in 5/9 patients with “Veristrat good” and 5/7 patients with “Veristrat poor”. Conclusions: “Veristrat poor” pts treated with ICB have a lower median survival as compared to “Veristrat good” pts. Our study did not meet statistically significant end point due to limited sample size. Further studies are needed to identify poorly immunogenic tumors and develop novel treatment approaches to optimize outcomes. [Table: see text]


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Byun ◽  
Jedd D. Wolchok ◽  
Lynne M. Rosenberg ◽  
Monica Girotra

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